Why did the Ming emperor have so few sons?

There were not many wives and concubines in the Ming Dynasty, but only two or three concubines in the middle and late period. For example, in some cases, filial piety is monogamous with only one queen.

As for the number of sons, Xiaozong has one son and several daughters, which is quite a lot for monogamy.

As far as the late emperors are concerned, Jiajing, Wanli, Taichang (Ming Guangzong) and Chongzhen.

Every emperor has more than two or three sons and even more daughters.

Even the apocalypse emperor and empress Zhang were pregnant many times, but they were all

Wei Zhongxian and Hakka just miscarried.

On the contrary, several emperors in the late Qing Dynasty were peerless.

After Tongzhi died, there was no son.

After Guangxu's death, there was no son.

After Puyi's death, there was no son.

There were several emperors in the early Qing Dynasty, such as Kangxi Qianlong, who was dissolute and lustful and had dozens of wives, so it is not surprising that there were many sons.

The number of concubines of several emperors in Ming Dynasty was much less than that in Qing Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty enjoyed a prosperous society and developed economy. From Hongwu to Yongxuan, all the way to Wanli, there is such a record: "Pass it to Wanli, not to mention other benefits, that is, eat rice, oil, salt, chicken, goose and fish, which one is not cheap?" If a family of several people has a lot of fish and meat every day and only needs two or three yuan, it is extremely rich. And that small family with a heavy burden can earn twenty or thirty pence a day and live a day. In the evening, I will eat some wine, tell jokes when I am drunk, sing Wu Ge, listen to books, keep warm in winter, enjoy the cool in summer, and have all kinds of fun. At that time, everyone's small families were very happy, and both Beijing and the thirteen provinces in the north and south were natural. The emperor doesn't often sit in the court, and officials of all sizes are very excited and not angry. People say that God is the emperor, and he is really a Yao and Shun. At that time, the sage thought it was like Zhang. After he left, there were Shen Shixing and Wang Xijue. A group of people who are willing to do things without causing trouble, and those who have the right not to do it, sit in peace. So far, my father talked about that season and finally sighed and longed for it. "

Because the society is healthy and normal, the emperor himself is more humanized, which is not much different from normal ordinary people. Therefore, except for the founding emperor, the number of children of other emperors is similar to that of normal families, neither more nor less.

The Qing society was morbid and exploited the people. From Kangxi and Yongzheng to Qianlong, it was extravagant and took the essence of the people. Building Yuanmingyuan and summer resort provide them with enjoyment. The Ming emperor went to the West seven times to show off, and the Qing emperor went to Jiangnan seven times to show off. Because of debauchery, the sexual partners of these emperors also expanded to a morbid level, and the number of children increased accordingly.

Three emperors died in succession in the later period. This is like vomiting and diarrhea after overeating. The polarization of the number of children was also the epitome of a morbid reality in Qing society at that time.