Is British Prime Minister Churchill introverted or extroverted?

First, the soul of British resistance-Churchill

Winston? Leonard. Spencer? Churchill, British wartime prime minister during World War II. During the Second World War, the British Prime Minister, who led the British people to win the great victory in the anti-fascist war, was a great historical figure who stood with Roosevelt and Stalin in the "Big Three" of world history, a "troublemaker" among the World War II allies, and a great writer and politician. He was the first political leader in the western countries who proposed the establishment of the United Nations framework and resolutely opposed socialism, and the first one who proposed the symbolic term "Iron Curtain" of the Cold War.

Everyone has always been interested in why he became Britain's wartime prime minister after the start of World War II, what kind of personality he has, what kind of characteristics this person who likes big cigars and champagne has, and how these personalities are formed. Here I try to find some answers from some of his growth.

As a British aristocrat, the Churchill family has a long history, and the family emblem chosen by the Churchill family is "loyal but unlucky", which is still the motto of the family. Where's Winston Churchill did not seem to escape the control of this motto and remained loyal to his own British empire, but he also struggled through a bumpy life journey.

In Churchill's mind, his ancestor Dukedom of Marlborough was a respected historical great man; Churchill's praise for his qualities and talents is almost beyond measure. John, Duke of Marba? Churchill to Winston, the hero of this article? Churchill's life influence was very great, which played a key role in Churchill's growth as an outstanding leader of Britain during World War II. His character and behavior became Churchill's model, his great achievements became Churchill's goal, and his important position in British history cultivated Churchill's heavy sense of responsibility for the motherland and history.

Churchill's father Randolph? Churchill was born in 1849, the third son of Dukedom of Marlborough VII. According to English law, Dukedom of Marlborough's title and territory should belong to his eldest brother George? Churchill inherited, Randolph himself can only seek a way out in politics, the army, colonial administration or religious circles. After graduating from Oxford University, Randolph decided to seek development in politics. Before entering politics, he met his future wife, American millionaire Leonard? Jerome's daughter Jenny. They fell in love at first sight and soon established a marriage relationship. Jenny's father Leonard? Jerome was a diplomat in his early years and served as consul of the United States in Trieste. Later, he turned to business and became one of the bosses of The New York Times. At the same time, he also does real estate business. This dual family background of aristocrats and wealthy businessmen not only brought great help to Churchill, but also caused great trouble to his later personality development. Superior family conditions enabled Churchill to receive a good education, but also cut off his lifestyle from ordinary people. As a teenager, he seldom heard the voice of opposition, and gradually formed his own arbitrary character. Churchill was ridiculed by his political opponents in two places, which were also caused by his superior family conditions. One of these two aspects is that he has never taken a bus, even the subway, the most developed means of transportation in London, has only taken it once. The reason is simple, because he can't stand the embarrassment of facing strangers; The second irony is that he can light the cigar in his hand smoothly, and even the toothpaste can't squeeze into the toothbrush. From these two examples, we can easily find Churchill's personality defects. He is a shy man with a strong sense of self-protection and is unwilling to do some small things. In this respect, his ancestor Dukedom of Marlborough had a great influence on him, and he always thought he was a man shouldering the heavy responsibility of the country.

Churchill's mother Jenny is a young woman surrounded by gossip. Rich family conditions enable her to do what she likes, so she is enthusiastic, caring and likes to be lively. This enabled her to quickly integrate into the British upper class, making herself valued everywhere, but at the same time, because the conservative British and Americans have different ideas, Jenny has always been considered immoral, including Churchill's birth. Churchill was born when Jenny attended the dance. He was only seven months old. The young mother forgot that she was pregnant because she likes excitement. The intense exercise made the children who were later ridiculed as politically impatient come into this world ahead of time. Mother's influence on children's personality is enormous, and Jenny's personality can also be said to have brought great influence to Churchill. Superior family conditions have resulted in Jenny's willful and heroic personality. She likes to attend all kinds of parties and hold all kinds of parties, which makes her popular in the upper class, but she also develops the habit of spending money like water, which Churchill inherited. In Randolph? After Churchill's death, although Jenny's family financial situation was somewhat poor, she still did not change this character. The gathering of high society in Churchill's home provided great convenience for young Churchill to get involved in politics, which made him interested in politics since he was a child.

Churchill in his boyhood @ w&; GKt

Winston? Churchill's political career should begin with a concussion caused by an accidental injury when he was a child. Because of injury, Churchill, who was boarding at school, had to stay at home for a long time, and his family, various gatherings of the upper class in Britain, made him come into contact with various groups' discussions on politics very early, especially when the nobles who controlled the parliament talked about politics, they would inevitably have their own views and countermeasures. All this not only made Churchill realize the power early, but also made him admire the power of the British Empire. After a long period of contact, he had a strong political interest very early. After his father resigned as Chancellor of the Exchequer, he once said to his mother, "It is a serious mistake for my father to resign as Chancellor of the Exchequer." Due to family factors, Churchill was able to attend hearings in the House of Commons when he was a teenager. It was this experience that made him learn the debating skills and set up the political habit of tit-for-tat with his political enemies. He repeatedly used the debating skills he learned in the House of Commons in his life and in his circle of friends until he became proficient. During this period, his view of power gradually formed. In his eyes, politics is power, and the most important advantage of gaining power is the design and imagination of the future. This view of power has been affecting his life, bringing him infinite glory and more frustrations.

Like all children from rich families, Winston has always maintained a good relationship with his nanny. There were even rumors that his parents didn't really like him, so they sent him to boarding school, but Churchill himself never opposed it. He believes that going to boarding school has given him the exercise of living alone and facing difficulties alone very early, which is of great benefit to tempering his will. But life in boarding school really made Churchill miserable. When I was seven, Winston? Churchill was sent by his parents to a boarding school for aristocratic children in ascot, named St George. The education methods here are extremely rigid and the methods are very strict. Churchill thought: "They are more cruel than any punishment that can be tolerated by any reformatory set up by the Ministry of Internal Affairs."

Because of his stubborn personality, Winston certainly could not escape a similar experience. But he never gave in, resisted strongly, cried and kicked when he was beaten, and once even trampled the headmaster's hard straw hat to pieces. He hates everything here in his heart and misses the free life at home. Later, it was his nanny, Mrs. Everett, who found many scars on him after being abused. After informing his mother, Churchill was able to transfer to a school run by the Thomson sisters in Brayton. The environment in the new school is much more relaxed, although Winston? Churchill's stubborn personality remains the same, but he is no longer subject to corporal punishment. On the one hand, this childhood experience made Churchill very tired of rigid management methods, on the other hand, it also made him feel the value of power more. If he wants not to be bullied, he must have some strength. However, his stubborn character has never changed. Even if he suffers from the pain of flesh and blood, he will never bow to power. This character finally gave his opponent a headache.

Superior family conditions gave Churchill a good education.

1in March, 888, 13 years old, he completed his studies in Bretton Woods and went to Harrow College for further study. Before entering Harrow College, Winston had to take the entrance examination. The school hopes to know his learning level in Greek, Latin, English, history, geometry and mathematics through the exam. However, he seemed too nervous during the exam, so he didn't play well enough. Especially the Latin course he doesn't like, he needs to translate a paragraph of Latin into English during the exam; At that time, he was confused, like a blank. For two hours, he only wrote one word on the paper, added brackets, painted it with ink and marked some dots. The result is a blank sheet of paper. Besides, his math scores are also very poor. Nevertheless, he was admitted to the school. Dr Wilton, the young president of Harrow College, obviously won't shut out the son of the prestigious Lord Randolph. Churchill later wrote when recalling this life: "I just turned 12 years old and entered the cold examination room, which was a great torture for me." I am willing to take history and English, but the main exam is biased towards Latin and mathematics. It is difficult for me to give satisfactory answers to these two subjects. "Winston's academic performance at Harrow College is very poor, and he is almost always at the bottom. Although classical language is a major subject, he stubbornly refuses to learn Latin. He has been reluctant to spend time on subjects that he is not interested in, and his grades are naturally not good. And withdrawn, poor self-control, unable to abide by the school's code of conduct. For this reason, the headmaster gave him a warning, and he dared to openly resist. The headmaster said, "Churchill, I have every reason to express my dissatisfaction with you." Winston immediately replied in a tit-for-tat manner, "and I, sir, have very good reasons to express my dissatisfaction with you." "This shows Churchill's rebellious spirit and self-centered independent character. For what he doesn't like, he would rather hand in a blank sheet of paper than learn what he doesn't like, and the sophistry skills he learned in the House of Commons have been skillfully used by him by now. At the same time, the prominence of family strength left a deep impression on him and strengthened his belief in pursuing power.

Churchill, a student of Sandhurst Royal Military School, was at this age, and Winston's grandfather Leonard? Jerome had a great influence on him. When he was confused and discriminated against, his grandfather always showed open-minded optimism to him. Old Jerome always said, "Let him go! Boys will naturally get better if they find an occasion where they can show their talents. " This is also the case. For his favorite subjects, such as history, he has fully demonstrated his learning ability and achieved excellent results. Besides, he inherited his father's extraordinary memory. On one occasion, he recited Macaulay's Book on Ancient Rome and recited 1200 lines verbatim, which amazed teachers and students. He can also recite lines from Shakespeare's works in long paragraphs; When a teacher makes mistakes in quoting Othello or Hamlet, he can always find and correct them. This experience made him interested in literature, because only in this respect can he make others admire him and show his talent. This laid a solid foundation for him to become a writer and deliver a very provocative speech in the future. At the same time, my grandfather's open-minded personality also kept him in a good state of mind in the face of the German invasion and the difficult period when the United States and the Soviet Union had not yet fought against Germany.

Out of love for literature and history, Churchill studied many books on economics, literature and history, including Henry? Fossett's Political Economy, Gibbon's History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Leckie's Morality in Europe, mcquarrie's Essays on English History, Plato's Republic of China and Winwood? Reed's "Human Martyrdom" and other works. Out of concern for real politics, Churchill carefully studied the Political Yearbook in order to know more about the current situation of domestic political life at that time. The study in this period made Churchill more aware of the important inductive role of history and historical facts in politics. Due to the in-depth study of history, he had a clearer understanding of politics and a more thorough understanding of social problems, which paved the way for him to eventually become Britain's wartime prime minister. Churchill was a very thoughtful man. He always makes all preparations in advance and constantly designs and plans for his future. Even if it is a speech, he will be fully prepared before he takes the stage. This character has greatly helped him to pursue his life goals. It was he who thought he should shoulder the responsibility of reviving the British Empire, so he made a repeated study of the Treaty of Versailles after World War I, and this in-depth study made him aware of the danger of Germany and found that the huge indemnity in the Treaty of Versailles was just a dead letter. He wrote in his memoirs, "Fauci is right, this (Versailles Peace Treaty) is not peace, this is a 20-year truce! The flame of the unfinished Prussian warrior will burn again! "

It was because he discovered the potential danger of Germany in advance that he became a firm anti-Nazi after the Nazi expansion began. He was the first anti-Nazi in western countries. He used all means and methods to call on the British government to be alert to Nazism, and wrote a large number of anti-Nazi articles, suggesting that English-speaking countries unite against Nazism. During this period, he constantly exercised his speech skills and abilities, carefully pondered and contacted every sentence, every word, every accent, rehearsed every expression and every gesture in his speech, and created a Churchill with profound attainments in his speech. All of the above shows that Churchill was always prepared in advance and always knew what his goal was.

Churchill, who just graduated from the military school, is full of ambition. It should be said that Churchill's father's political ups and downs had a great influence on him.

Whenever Winston thinks of his father's short and outstanding life and its tragic ending, he is always filled with emotion. It was because of his father's experience in politics that he made up his mind to go into politics. He wants to create more brilliant achievements in his own life than his father's political career and realize his father's unfinished wish. 1895 general election aroused great concern of Churchill. He kept learning from this general election to prepare for similar election activities in the next few years. Churchill had a clear understanding of politics at this time, and his decisive character played a great role. He resolutely retired from the army and went into politics. In his later letter to his mother, he wrote: "playing political games is an excellent trick, and a master needs to be honed before he really sets foot in it." The more I study the military, the more I like it, and the more I firmly believe that this is not my strength. "

Winston at this time? Churchill revealed his accurate feelings about politics. He is not keen on pursuing immediate power and regards politics as a game, but he is very devoted and takes everything and every opponent seriously. This is of great benefit to him in politics. Although he still has a long way to go in politics. But this kind of preparation is undoubtedly necessary. Winston said when he was elected wartime prime minister: "Without a large-scale war, I would not be able to display my talents and get ahead. In the last eventful autumn of this political crisis, my heart was balanced, and I was deeply gratified, because I finally gained the power to command the overall situation. I think I am a lucky person. My previous life was for this moment, to withstand this test.

Churchill should be a writer and a scholar. This unique identity is that he has a unique vision and sharp and profound thoughts that others do not have. He once summed up his thoughts concisely, saying that "one's life will eventually be nailed on the cross of action or thought". In other words, he always thought that people's thoughts were free and their bodies were imprisoned by thoughts. Churchill was deeply influenced by such masters as Gibbon and Macaulay in his writing style and pen skills. In his later writing career, many works were criticized as very similar to Macaulay's style, and Churchill was proud of it. Churchill's articles have a unique perspective, sharp and pungent writing, and clear and aggressive views, so his articles were loved by the British people at that time. Churchill's literary achievements came from the time when his army was stationed in India. At that time, Churchill wrote a large number of manuscripts for London's Daily Telegraph and India's Kolkata Herald. In these battlefield reports, Churchill handled them carefully from the standpoint of the British army. In a fluent style, he vividly described the battle scenes he witnessed and devoted himself to, and provided readers with news reports on the military actions of the British and Indian troops in time. Later Winston published his first novel, Savorola, which was actually a political manifesto of young Churchill. It is worth noting that Churchill described the characters' personalities and revealed their inner world on the basis of scene description. The book describes the scene of shooting demonstrators in the square in front of the presidential palace, and then fully shows the inner world of the protagonist with in-depth and delicate brushwork. Churchill wrote: "what is the purpose of struggle, labor, a series of events, and abandoning many things that lead a relaxed and happy life?" He seldom cares about people's happiness. Vanity is his main motivation for everything, and he can't resist it. He understands and cherishes an artist's happiness in pursuing the good things in life, and also understands and cherishes the joy an athlete gets from his own activities. It is certainly comfortable to live in a beautiful park with a philosopher's mind, away from noisy places and completely get rid of all kinds of things. But he still thinks he can't stand this life. His nature is violence, tenacity and courage. A life full of ambition, turmoil and anxiety is the only life he can accept. He should live in the past. " This is actually Churchill's heart. He doesn't really care about the so-called people's happiness. What he cares about is how to satisfy his vanity and how to pursue the pleasure of life. He thinks that his nature is violence, tenacity and courage. This psychological description gave Churchill a complete picture, when he wrote Savorola at the age of 23, and when he ended his political career half a century later. In order to satisfy my infinite vanity, I gave up the joy of life and prepared to forge ahead courageously on the most difficult road. It is this vanity that drives Churchill's life. Therefore, vanity is also one of Churchill's personality characteristics. Charles, a famous British political commentator and state activist? Dirk once said

"The most vain person I know, apart from British Prime Minister rosebery at the end of19th century, is Winston? Churchill. "

Another biographer quoted a joke widely circulated in Churchill's biography. It is said that 50 years after the publication of Savorola, Churchill, a respected politician, walked into the smoking room of the House of Commons, sat next to a newly elected MP and asked the MP:

"Young man, you may want to know what drives me into politics?"

The young congressman replied, of course I want to know.

Churchill said to him, "vanity, young man!" " This is naked vanity! "

This joke may not have the authenticity of life, but the reason why the biographer quoted it may be because it contains some artistic truth, which is of typical significance for readers to understand Churchill's character.

It should be said with certainty that all the above biographies have some truth. However, it is one-sided and even paranoid to attribute Churchill's great success to his naked vanity. This situation is formed because these biographers are bound by political or partisan prejudice.

A young British officer

Churchill's unique experience cultivated his special sensitivity to war. 1899 In September, he foresaw that the war between Britain and Dutch Boers in Transvaal and Orange, two independent republics of South Africa, was about to break out, so he made an agreement with the Morning Post to cover the war in South Africa as a reporter of the newspaper. The newspaper agreed that he would keep the copyright of the article and allow him full freedom to choose the interview place and express his opinions. Therefore, Churchill severely criticized Britain's strategy and tactics in this war, but he was very sure of the Boers, which caused great discussion in Britain, especially the dissatisfaction of the military. But it just shows his courage to face up to reality and admit his mistakes.

Churchill's adventures in the South African War not only provided him with a lot of writing materials, but also made him a famous young British writer at that time, which accumulated huge political capital for his future elections and paved the way for his victory in the elections. 1900 10 In June, Churchill was elected as a Conservative MP in Odem. From February 190 1, Churchill began to perform his duties as a member of parliament in the House of Commons, and delivered his first speech only four days after he entered parliament. In his speech, his views were contrary to the Conservative Party's line of holding the Ying Bu War to the end and severely treating the Boer resistance. Critics believe that Churchill's speech not only shows that he has profound military knowledge, but also has strict logical reasoning ability and profound and unique insights. Others think that Churchill's opposition to the military expansion proposal is a unique revenge against the Conservative Party, because Lord Randolph, who held the same view, was pushed off the political stage. Others believe that Churchill's view of opposing the expansion of armaments and increasing military spending contradicts his position of maintaining and strengthening the British colonial empire. In all fairness, these statements are due to the inability to really understand Churchill through appearances, and even to political prejudice that distorts Churchill. But in any case, Churchill finally took the first step in politics.

Churchill stepping into politics

Churchill was not familiar with financial and economic issues, which was a serious defect in his politics, but his cleverness was that he could listen to experts' opinions with an open mind and turn them into his own. 1903 After Chamberlain gave a speech advocating the implementation of tariff barriers in Birmingham, he and his father's good friend, Francis, then executive vice minister of the Ministry of Finance? Sir Merwater held consultations and listened to the opinions of other officials of the Ministry of Finance, trying to get authoritative guidance from all sides on this issue and combining these opinions to form his own views. This fully shows that Churchill is good at employing people and integrating other forces to serve himself. But being smart in politics is not enough. Sometimes you have to be brave and adventurous. The bigger the bet, the better, and the result is obvious: success or failure is at stake. People outside politics, or those who are new to politics, often don't understand the uniqueness of political adventure. Taking risks in business is nerve-racking, but at least some scientific instruments can partially predict the possible results. However, taking risks in politics depends on courage, intuition and the ability to make timely decisions. And this kind of character and ability Churchill did not lack. Churchill took decisive action in 1904. He crossed the House of Commons and turned from the Conservative Party to the Liberal Party. Many of his friends publicly accused him of being an ungrateful opportunist. He took advantage of the people's successful career and joined a political party that tried to destroy the class structure of British society to oppose them. This adventure made Churchill a tramp in the upper class. Not long ago, he was praised as a young man with outstanding potential and unlimited future in this circle. He was called "Brenheim Mouse" and suddenly found himself unpopular in most of the most fashionable families in London, but these did not knock Churchill down. He walked firmly on the road to the goal of life, without losing or losing confidence. And this tough character finally brought him a good return.

A young cabinet minister

1February, 908 12, Premier Campbell Bannerman suffered a sudden stroke and there was no hope of recovery. His successor, Asquith, began to plan to form a new cabinet, with Churchill as the Minister of Commerce. Because Asquith promoted the position of Commerce Minister to Cabinet Minister, Churchill joined the Cabinet in April 1908 at the age of 33, becoming the youngest cabinet minister of the British government in the past 50 years. Entering the cabinet at such a young age made Churchill proud of the spring breeze, and at the same time he had a higher understanding of himself. He said, "We are all bugs." He said, "I really think I am a firefly."

Churchill's extreme aversion to socialism is well known. On one occasion, he carefully compared the views of the Liberal Party and the Socialist Party and made a fierce attack on socialism. This extreme aversion to socialism made him do his best to oppose the socialist countries in the later cooperation with the Soviet Union and the formation of the world pattern at the end of World War II. he thinks

"Socialism is to pull the rich, and the liberal party's policy is to make the poor rise; Socialism advocates destroying personal interests, while the Liberal Party advocates safeguarding personal interests, which should be safeguarded in the only reliable and fair way, that is, by coordinating personal interests and public rights; The principle of socialism is to stifle enterprises, while the principle of the Liberal Party is to liberate enterprises from the cage of privilege and prejudice. " This contempt for socialism is mainly related to his aristocratic background. In his mind, the poor are poor after all and can be transformed by the rich and nobles, but they must not be allowed to stand as tall as the nobles in the present situation.

At this point, a complete Churchill character was initially formed. Although he has experienced many difficulties since then, the overall character prototype has been basically fixed, and what happened after that only made him more experienced. He has been driven by unshakable intuition of fate all his life. He angered some people and encouraged more people. When he pursues what he has made up his mind to get, he is brave and persistent, and he will stick to it no matter how many "no" words he hears. He has always believed that he has a responsibility to the British Empire, and he is firmly opposed to productism. He has the sophistry of politicians, the romance of literati, the persistence of journalists in pursuing the truth, the courage of soldiers and, more importantly, his strength.

When he was free, he was appointed Minister of the Navy. The first order issued by the Admiralty was: Churchill is back! It is obvious that people support him.

In order to keep the secret of the password box, he took the blame of Coventry alone on the night when the German "Moonlight Sonata" project was implemented. When he knew that the lives of 250,000 people would be threatened, he deliberately gave up Coventry for the benefit of Britain, showing his inner strength and the principle that national interests are above all else.

He is calm in the face of any difficulties. Even in the most difficult period in Germany, he was not at a loss. He keeps his life habit, goes to bed at ten o'clock every night, and stipulates that no matter what happens, he can't be woken up before getting up in the morning.

In the fiercest battle of France, he foresaw that the fundamental guarantee of British security was the British sky, which prevented the Germans from entering the British Isles smoothly and had to ensure air superiority. So when France asked for fighter support, he stood in line to guard the eagle and ensured the safety of the British sky.

After the British air battle began, he once again predicted that Britain would win in the face of some defeatist remarks at home. He said that because the air battle is over, our pilots can skydive, and keeping the pilots can ensure victory. Germans can only be captured or killed here, and there will be fewer and fewer. This rational analysis and open-minded personality are inseparable from his experiences when he was young.

When Britain faced the German invasion independently, his enthusiasm and courage infected the British people and made them quickly get out of Chamberlain's weak policy. Under his influence, the British army was optimistic and United, and finally won the victory of the British air battle and stopped the German army from advancing.

Ps: Churchill was English. Whether he put forward the Mediterranean plan when he opened up the Second World War or the triangular stool system when he designed the post-war world structure, he was thinking about the British Empire. He caused all these troubles because of the needs of the British Empire.

Churchill was actually quite innocent when he was a child, but politics can pollute anyone, so I generally hate politicians. Without Churchill, an asshole politician who defends national interests, Palestine and Israel would be in a fight, and Pakistan and India would be divided?