What are the eight tones?

Eight Crosstalk Masters were eight famous crosstalk masters who were active in Beijing and Tianjin in the early 1930s. Learn from Chun Changlong (the father of the horse, Gao Shouting, the teacher); Also known as Ruishan, the word Zhou Chan, studied under Fan Youyuan (the teacher of Ma). Yu Delong, Dedege, whose stage name is dazzling Yu Zi, studied under Fu Yougen; Jiao Dehai studied under Xu (Chang's master); Learn from Xu (Guo Qiru's master); Li Deyang's stage name is fascinating, and he studied under Enxu (Ma Guiyuan's master); Li Dexiang studied under Enxu (Ma Shouyan's master); Zhang Dequan studied under kindness. Liu Dezhi (? -1952) Zuo Zuo Liu Dezhi, a Beijinger. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, his father worked in Ruyi Pavilion in the Qing court. In his early years, he worked as a police officer in the royal kitchen, alert. After the Qing Dynasty, he abdicated. In order to make a living, he joined Xu as the younger brother trained by Lu Dejun and taught crosstalk. When I was young, I collaborated with Jiao Dehai in cross talk in Beijing Tianqiao and other places, and also performed in Qingyun Pavilion in Kannonji. At that time, they were also invited to perform in many festival halls. In the early 1930s, he also made crosstalk records for EMI, which was one of the famous "Eight Virtues of Symphony" active in Beijing and Tianjin at that time. In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), after Jiao Dehai died suddenly, Liu Dezhi came forward to raise funeral expenses for him. I also said cross talk on the overpass. In the 1940s, he used to talk stand-up in Tianqiao and lived in poverty. After that, he participated in the performance of crosstalk in Qi Ming Teahouse, and performed crosstalk such as Peach Dog, Waitress, and the short play Ma Siyuan. Liu Dezhi loves literature and likes reading classical novels such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and A Dream of Red Mansions. His cross talk "Batch of Three Kingdoms" arrived at Cao Cao's Tushan from Guan Gong, criticized Guan Gong's life in Cao Cao's camp, learned that Liu Bei was backward, put a golden seal on it, protected the two emperors' sisters-in-law, passed five customs, beheaded six generals, and "batch" arrived in Gu Chenghui, which was unique. He also created a cross talk, saying that a kitchen apprentice was fascinated by a dream of red mansions and was not good at learning skills. The master asked him, "have you seen a dream of red mansions?" Do you still want to do it? " The apprentice said, "I don't want to do it after Lin Daiyu died." The silly expression made the audience laugh. At the beginning of the founding of New China, he attended a seminar in the field of China traditional drama. At the beginning of 1950, he participated in the establishment of the Beijing Crosstalk Improvement Group and was elected as the deputy head of the improvement group. He actively participated in the reform of cross talk and said stand-up cross talk. 195 1 year participated in the Korean people's condolence delegation to the DPRK and performed cross talk for the volunteers. After returning to China, he went to Tibet to perform with the rear propaganda team to resist US aggression and aid Korea. Liu Dezhi's disciples are Zhang Zhenkui, Guo Qiru and others. Formerly known as Manlu, he is the father of Ma. (1882- 1935) Beijinger, one of the "Eight Virtues" of cross talk. When he was a child, he studied hard and had a certain cultural accomplishment. At the age of thirteen, I studied with Enxu, and then I started with Chunchanglong. He performed in Beijing and Tianjin for a long time and was very popular with the audience. With Jiao Dehai, Yu Delong, Zhou Deshan, Zhang Shouchen, Jiao Shaohai, etc. * * *, they opened a cross talk venue, which gained high prestige among their peers with its artistic characteristics of being steady, meticulous, rigorous and humorous. Around 1920, he was appreciated, and Li relied heavily on him. He once said, "I have several jobs that Delu gave me." . Ma Delu pays attention to portraying characters, language images and humor when performing cross talk. His opposite plays, such as Gourd Dart, Choking with Porridge, King of Antiques, Dare Not Follow His Class, Five-Star Building, The Argument between the Monarch and the Minister, etc. , all reflect his own artistic characteristics. He is not only a well-known actor, but also an organizer and educator of crosstalk art. In his later years, he presided over the crosstalk meeting of Lianxing Teahouse in Dongxing Market, Tianjin, and trained many talents such as Ma, Gao Guiqing,, Sun Shaolin through words and deeds. Ma Delu is good at spreading words on white sand, and he can spread double hooks "Fu Lu Xi Shou", "Lucky Fortune" and "Gold Two Thousand" on the ground. A large number of national "big-name" crosstalk masters came to Jinan to perform. In addition to Ma, Chang, He and Hou, there is also a little-known crosstalk master who first introduced crosstalk art to Jinan. Crosstalk artist Li Deyang is from Beijing. Formerly known as Li Peiting, nicknamed "heartthrob". I studied in Tianqiao with my father Li Guangyi since childhood, and studied crosstalk with my grandfather Li Guangyi, who is called "Little Heartthrob". After his grandfather died, he was named "heartthrob". At the age of ten, Bai Enxu (later renamed Payne) became a teacher and enjoyed the reputation of "child" among the audience. When I was fifteen, I learned a lot from Xu's stand-up comedy, and later I learned some jokes about word games from (stage name Fu Yougen). 2/kloc-0 became famous at the age of 0, and won nicknames such as "King of Jokes" and "King of Funny", and was honored as one of the "Eight Virtues of Mutual Voice" by peers. In the 28th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty, he performed in front of Shuangxin Garden in Tianqiao Market, and then performed in variety parks such as Heishengping, which gradually became popular in Beijing. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu, after Prince Su Shanti was appointed as the magistrate of nine schools, he ordered the cross talk performance to be banned, and Li Deyang wandered to Baoding and other places to perform. In the second year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty (19 10), Yi Shan left his job before returning to Beijing. In the early years of the Republic of China, when Li Deyang was performing at the Sihai Shengping Tea House in Shitou Hutong, Beijing. Later, he was expelled from Beijing for offending Yuan Shikai and performed in Tianjin, where he became addicted to gambling. Due to gambling debts, he had to make time to perform again and earn money to make up for the deficit. Later, Zhang Zongchang, a warlord, often called him out of the hall, so he stopped plowing the fields. Later, he performed in Tianjin, Shanghai, Shenyang, Jinan and Kaifeng. At that time, he was known as the "King of Crosstalk" and was called "Eight Virtues of Symphony" with seven other famous crosstalk artists. In the winter of the Republic of China 15, Li Deyang went to Shenyang to perform, but he was very ill and fell dead in a ditch by the river. When relatives and friends in Shenyang were buried, they roared with snow, and the crosstalk performer Zhu Fengqi made the main sacrifice, and recited a poem saying, "Lord Fengshen blew the trumpet, and the seven fairies scattered all over the sky." Relatives and friends came to see me off, and Hanwang sent someone to pick him up. " The undertaker was in tears. He praised himself in four poems: "Funny once said Dong Fangshuo, and later generations inherited Jia Fuxi. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, people were kings. " When "heartthrob" came to perform, it first performed in the "Wanghe Pavilion" teahouse near Baotu Spring around 1920. This man looks very strange, tall, with a wide face, big eyes, a high nose and a pouting mouth. He is good at stand-up crosstalk, and his performance is characterized by "not laughing". The audience laughed their heads off, but his expression was plain and indifferent, so he enjoyed the reputation of "cold face and funny". According to Huang, the predecessor of Jinan Crosstalk, this "heartthrob" performed at Wanghe Pavilion. After taking the stage, he looked at the audience for a long time without expression, and he didn't begin to perform until the audience laughed. "heartthrob" is witty and eloquent. He not only knows many programs, but also is very good at grasping the tricks of the scene. Most of the jokes he performed were aimed at criticizing the current abuses and satirizing the feudal system. Heartthrob is very popular in Jinan. At that time, Zhang Zongchang, a Feng warlord, had heard the cross talk of "heartthrob" as early as Tianjin and spoke highly of him. I heard that "heartthrob" was performed in Jinan, and Zhang Zongchang sent someone to invite him to the government for a meeting. After several performances, Zhang Zongchang was overjoyed, and even gave all the thousands of dollars he had just won from playing mahjong to the "heartthrob". Jiao Dehai (1878 ~ 1935) is Xu's apprentice. He gained the artistic essence of the master, from stand-up crosstalk to counterpart crosstalk. He has made great contributions to the development of cross talk art. He is lean and slender, with a shaved head and a thin face. He said that cross talk did not make faces and exaggerated expressions, but no matter what jokes came out of his mouth, the audience could not help laughing. His jokes were mainly made up by himself, and many of his apprentices later became famous crosstalk artists in China. Beijingers. When I was a child, I learned to sing on the blackboard, and later I switched to cross talk, taking Xu Luyou and Wei Kunzhi as my teachers. Cooperate with heartthrob, perform in Beijing and Tianjin, and also perform on the same stage with famous artists such as Liu Baoquan, Bai Yunpeng and Deshoushan. He is good at absorbing the strengths of various schools and has made many contributions to the content and language purification of cross talk. His cross talk is characterized by a wide range of activities and can speak nearly 200 traditional cross talks. Representative works include stand-up comic dialogues such as White Wolf, The Moneybody and The Old Man, as well as Five People's Righteousness, Eating jiaozi and Fake Experts. Some jokes have been recorded. Liu Dezhi is the best for him. Including Chang Chang, there are more than 65,438+00 disciples. Brother Yu Delong, whose stage name is "staring", studied under Fu Yougen, also known as Ruishan, and whose stage name is "Zhou Toad", studied under Fan Youyuan (Ma's master), and often talked about Tianjin crosstalk. Before Toad Week, crosstalk was a hawking business, and it was Toad Week that brought crosstalk into the theater, which was a milestone in the history of crosstalk. Li Dexiang studied under Ma Shouyan's teacher Enxu. Zhang Dequan's stage name is Zhang Mazi, and he studied under Enxu. He often performs with the same stage, which sets each other off and becomes interesting. He is called Zhangzhuang! "Eight Virtues" has not yet formed a prominent personal style. Just according to their basic skills and professional knowledge, it is slightly different from their special festivals. Moreover, these programs also have the characteristics of inheritance, variability, collectivity and oral, which are not only available to everyone, but also often vary from person to person. The same feature of "Eight Virtues" is that there will be more meetings and more life. An actor knows at least dozens or even hundreds of jokes. "Eight Virtues" is the pioneer of Yun Geng sowing rain in Beijing-Tianjin cross talk circle, and is a representative figure in the initial stage of cross talk.

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