How to define the connotation and extension among fairy tales, idioms and allusions?

The so-called idioms are long-term phrases or phrases with fixed structure and meaning, most of which are four words. The meanings of some idioms can be seen literally, such as "colorful", "flying away" and "chinese odyssey". There are also some idioms, and only by knowing their origins can we understand their meanings. For example, "Chun Xue" comes from Chu Ci, which means something elegant; "Punch through Yang with a hundred paces" comes from Zhuangzi, which means superb archery; "Eating at a service" comes from Wu Yue Chun Qiu, which means never forgetting past sufferings, striving for self-improvement, and so on. These idioms are also allusions. Allusions are some famous stories or discourses in ancient times, which may not be finally summed up as idioms, but most idioms are allusions. In order to learn naming methods simply and clearly, this paper analyzes all idioms familiar to the public, whether they are allusions or not. Whether it is an allusion, together with other allusions that are not idioms, is analyzed in "cultural allusions", which is hereby explained.

Idioms are generally four words, so they are naturally divided into two parts. Almost without exception, the first two words form a word or phrase, and the last two words form a word or phrase. According to the grammatical relationship between these two parts, we divide idioms into the following four categories:

Combination: that is, the meanings of the first two words and the last two words are juxtaposed or inherited. Such as "peace and security" and so on.

Subject-predicate: that is, the first two words are the sender and subject of the action; The last two words are the action or state of the subject and are predicates. Such as "gorgeous", "wedding", "elated", "refreshed" and so on.

Verb-object: that is, the first two words are action and predicate; The last two words are the object, the receiver and the object of action. Such as "unparalleled in the world", "all-inclusive", "worship of gods" and so on. If there are subjects, predicates and objects in four words, they are classified as "subject-predicate".

Partially formal: that is, one group of the first two words and the last two words is the core part of the idiom, and the other group only plays the role of modification and explanation. Such as "cardamom", "scholarly family", "outstanding" and so on.

The division of these four idioms will be an important condition for us to adopt a certain naming method.

There are many ways to name idioms, and each method must meet some necessary conditions if it is to be used. Some conditions are different due to different naming methods, while others are * * *. Let's talk about the conditions that these idioms must meet in naming. As for the unique conditions of some naming methods, we will elaborate on them in detail when we talk about specific naming methods.

The naming of idioms must meet the following conditions:

Relevance: that is, the name you choose can easily remind people of the idioms you use. Because idioms are used for naming, they are used to make names contain rich cultural connotations of idioms and make short words have infinite meanings. If the name doesn't remind people of the idioms used, then everything is in vain. This is something that nominees should be very cautious about. Idioms have four words, and it is almost impossible to summarize the meaning in one word, so two or three words must be used. But even with two words, many times it will not make people associate. For example, the idiom "ice snow cleverness" describes a person's extraordinary understanding. Benjie's meaning is very good, but if the first two words are called "Li Bingxue" or the last two words are called "Wang Jiqiao", the meaning and charm of the idiom will be lost, because it is not easy for ordinary people to think of "intelligence" from "ice and snow" and vice versa. At this time, it would be much better to change the method, such as naming it "Bing Cong", and many people will think of this idiom. So after choosing a good name from an idiom, you must go back and think about whether you can associate the idiom with this name. If not, you'd better give up the name.

Goodwill: This has two meanings. First, the idioms used must have a good meaning, or encourage, or bless, or praise, or warn, and must not be derogatory idioms, such as "arrogance" and "shortsightedness". Second, it refers to the two words taken out, which must have a good meaning when put together. Once some words are separated from idioms, their meanings change, and sometimes they are not good enough to be chosen. For example, "charming" describes a woman, which used to be cute, but the name "charming" is acceptable, and "charming" is too delicate. "BMW" refers to a noble life, but the name "car" is also a "car" after all, with a lower meaning. Pay attention to these.

Ambiguity: that is, the name you choose has no ambiguity except that it reminds people of the idioms you use. Although some words can remind people of idioms and have good meanings, they also have other bad meanings due to the influence of history, customs, dialects and other factors, so they cannot be chosen at this time. For example, the "Year of the Turtle" was originally meant to wish people a long life, but now "turtle" is often used to curse people, so it is best not to use this "Year of the Turtle". "Romantic elegance" originally praised a person's graceful demeanor, but now "romantic" has a derogatory meaning, so it is better not to use it.

The above are all the problems that we must pay attention to when we use idioms to choose names, and they are also the standards for us to choose names. Other requirements, such as pronunciation and font, have been discussed in other chapters, but they are not listed one by one.

There are three words.

Choose three words from an idiom, and obviously one of them is a surname. This is also a method of "taking the surname into the name". In this way, the most important thing is that the meaning of the name should be consistent with the idiom. Because idioms generally have only four words, it is easy to associate people with three words now, but the name itself has a strange meaning, which makes people feel at a loss and the purpose of naming them after idioms cannot be achieved. Therefore, the unused word must be the least important word in the idiom, or one of the coordinate words, so as to retain the meaning of the idiom as much as possible.

The order of these three words can be different from that of idioms. Because of this, we should pay special attention when reversing the word order of idioms to avoid ambiguity or confusion.

In addition, some people like to input their names with the homonym of their surnames. Indeed, there are too few idioms with surnames, but it is not possible to use some idioms with homophonic surnames. For example, Liu (mainstay), Jin (heroine), Fu Donghai (lucky as the East China Sea) and so on. First, after all, surnames are not the original words of idioms, so it is difficult for others to think of idioms without explanation; The second is that only two words of a name are divorced from the surname, and the nominator initially considers the meaning of the three words of the surname, ignoring the meaning of the name itself, so the meaning of the name is often vague or vulgar; The third is that there will always be typos, which will have a bad influence on children.

The three-character method is applicable to different types of idioms in different situations, as follows.

Combination: The first two words and the last two words of a combination idiom have similar meanings, so the surname word can represent the two words in that part. Generally speaking, three words are selected from joint idioms, the surname is given and the first name is the other half, so the meaning changes the least. But occasionally there are exceptions, depending on the specific situation.

Subject-predicate: Take three words from the subject-predicate idiom as the name, and the two words of the general name are a group, which is the first word or the last word of the original idiom, and the surname is one of the other two words, which is more rhythmic to read. Of course, it does not rule out that the surname is worse than the word two. However, it certainly doesn't matter if it is an idiom with a combination of size and structure. For example, not feeling is a phrase, and "will" is independent.

Verb-object: Because there are few verb-object idioms in idioms, and taking three names requires that one of the words is a surname, this situation is not easy to encounter.

Partial formality: take three words as names from partial formality idioms, and pay attention to the fact that the order of the two words forming a group cannot be reversed. In this way, the basic meaning of the names of the remaining words can be similar to the meaning of idioms, whether it is before or after.

Idioms are fixed phrases or sentences expressing general concepts, which are mostly composed of four words. For example, "castles in the air", "famous", "according to you", "colorful" and "happy" are all four-character idioms. Idioms with less than four words, such as "knocking at the door", "unwarranted" and "taking for granted", and idioms with more than four words, such as "peaches and plums are all over the world", "real gold is not afraid of fire", "a leopard cannot change his spots" and "only state officials are allowed to set fires, but people are not allowed to light them", account for an absolute minority.

Idioms are similar to proper nouns, scientific terms, proverbs, two-part allegorical sayings, quotations and common phrases composed of four words in some respects. For example, proper nouns and scientific terms are fixed phrases; Proverbs, two-part allegorical sayings and quotations are not only fixed phrases or sentences, but also have meanings similar to idioms. Ordinary phrases composed of four words are simple and have the same form as most idioms, such as "East, West, North and South" and "Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter", but these are not idioms. A clear understanding of the differences between idioms and proper names and scientific terms will help us to determine what idioms are and what they are not. Now I will briefly explain this aspect.

Idioms are different from proper names: proper names and idioms are fixed phrases composed of several words, but proper names express specific concepts. For example, "Lizhuang Primary School" is only the unique name of a school (of course, there may be duplicate names), and "Guang 'an People's Commune" is only the unique name of a commune. Idioms express general concepts. For example, the idiom "falling apart" can be used to describe a failed flower, a failed army or a scattered crowd. Another example is the idiom "with relish", which can be used to describe anyone who is particularly interested in something.

Idioms are different from scientific terms: scientific terms represent scientific concepts, not general concepts. For example, scientific terms such as "subjective initiative", "revolutionary optimism", "infinite inflorescence" and "parallelogram" are all fixed phrases composed of several words, but they are not idioms.

Idioms are different from proverbs: proverbs are mostly sentences rather than phrases. Proverbs are often used in people's spoken language, but seldom used in articles. Proverbs often have a strong colloquial color, unlike idioms with a classical Chinese color. Proverbs are not as neat as idioms. For example, the proverb "Sit on the mountain and watch the tiger fight" and "All crows are black" is not so neat. Of course, if these proverbs must be called idioms, they can be forced.

Idioms are different from two-part allegorical sayings: two-part allegorical sayings are a fixed sentence, which must be composed of two parts: the first part is a metaphor for things, and the second part is a positive explanation. In order to get vivid, vivid and concrete expression effect, we can also quote two-part allegorical sayings like idioms. For example, "a clay idol crossing the river is hard to protect itself." Dogs love to provoke mice. ""The more you wash the clay bodhisattva, the uglier it gets. " "Candied coptis is sweet first, then bitter." These words are "two-part allegorical saying" rather than "idioms".

The difference between idioms and proper names, scientific terms and allegorical sayings seems quite obvious. Generally speaking, the differences between idioms and quotations, common phrases and proverbs are clear, but some are not easy to distinguish. We should admit that some fixed phrases or fairly fixed phrases are between idioms and proverbs, quotations or ordinary phrases, and there is no need to divide them. For example, "worthless" can be considered as a common phrase, because it is not forced to call it worthless, worthless or worthless. However, after all, this phrase is relatively fixed, much like an idiom, and it is no problem to regard it as an idiom. Another example is "horse knows horsepower, and people will see it over time", and it is nothing to regard it as an idiom or proverb.

Myth is the earliest fantasy oral prose of human beings. The product of human childhood and the precedent of literature. Myth is based on the low level of productivity in ancient times, and people actively demand to know and dominate nature in order to survive and improve productivity.

Fairy tales are full of magical fantasies, which cast a strange color on the wishes of primitive workers and the growth and change of everything in the world. Most of the mythical images of gods have superhuman strength and are the idealization of primitive human knowledge and wishes. It is imagined according to the image of primitive workers, their production conditions and their understanding of natural forces. Most mythical figures created by tribes with relatively developed hunting economy are related to hunting. Most of the mythical figures created by tribes with developed agriculture are related to agriculture. People use knives, axes, bows and arrows as weapons, and mythical characters become heroes armed with such tools. The hero in the myth is imagined as superman, but sometimes he will encounter setbacks and bad luck. It reflects the realistic constraints of myth and fantasy. Through the refraction of myth and fantasy, we can see the actions and struggles of people at that time from the actions and struggles of mythical characters.

Myth is the expression of people trying to conquer nature with fantasy. Most of the mythical images of gods have superhuman strength, which is the idealization of primitive human understanding and desire.

Myth has certain regionality and regionality, and different civilizations or nations have their own mythological significance. However, in all parts of the world, there have been myths that describe the same phenomenon with amazing similarity.

Myths are generally divided into three categories: creation myth, deity myth and hero myth. Among them, the creation myth is the most important.

The so-called creation myth refers to the myth that time is set in the primitive period of mankind and records the origin of things and systems. Among them, there are generally three kinds: world origin myth, human origin myth and cultural origin myth.

The myth of the origin of the world refers to the myth that describes the origin of the world and the universe. Take the Bible as an example, Genesis belongs to this kind of myth. Because the content involves the origin of cosmic phenomena such as the earth, the sun and the moon.

However, not all national myths contain the myth of the origin of the world. For example, the myth of American Indians is a myth based on the existence of the universe. There are also some national myths, not only about the origin of the world, but also about the origin of culture.

However, no matter what kind of myth, all myths have a big theme when they begin to understand the meaning, that is, the universe has evolved from "the beginning of chaos" to "the rules of order"

As for the so-called myth of human origin, it usually describes the whole process that human beings gradually separate from animals and then gradually become a special species in the world. For example, the myth of how humans learn to use language, how humans know how to use fire, how humans began to build nests and houses, and how humans were separated from animals. These myths are actually the beginning of a world order and rules.

Through these myths, people will have a clear understanding of the historical evolution of the world and understand how the world evolved from chaos and ignorance to countless orders and rules.

Compared with the myth of creation, the myth of gods and buddhas and the myth of heroes are more dramatic, recording the deeds of gods and buddhas and heroes. Generally speaking, the more civilized the region, the less the proportion of creation myths, while the relative proportion of gods and buddhas and hero myths will increase in reverse proportion. This is a natural trend, but it does not mean that the content of the creation myth is reduced, but because the content of the myth of gods and buddhas and the myth of heroes is constantly expanding. In contrast, the proportion of the creation myth is much less important. Greek mythology is a typical example. In Greek mythology, the proportion of creation myth is very small, and a large number of stories of gods, buddhas and heroes have become the vast majority of stories in Greek mythology after long-term accumulation.

Allusions-canon and anecdotes.

Anecdote originally refers to the old system and old examples, and it is also the official title of the person in charge of historical facts such as the ritual and music system in Han Dynasty. Later, a common meaning refers to stories or legends about historical figures, laws and regulations, etc. Names and allusions have a long history. It can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty "Wang Cang Chuan Dong Ping Xian" said: "I bow to the supreme, and I bow to the courtiers. Every time I give a banquet, I will change my appearance and worship in the palace. This is an allusion. "

1, Canon system and anecdotes;

2. Ancient stories and words quoted in poems.

In this way, the interpretation of allusions is broader than that of anecdotes. Stories and anecdotes are more folk, vulgar and colloquial than allusions, and are often matched with anecdotes and anecdotes; Canon in allusions means classic. As the name implies, allusions can also be interpreted as stories and words in classics. Therefore, it is more written and formalized, which is a branch of orthodox literature. If anecdotes are compared to unofficial history, allusions are like official history. In fact, we are used to calling some familiar stories in ancient Chinese allusions and summarizing what some old people have said orally as anecdotes. Of course, this anecdote is different from the world. In addition, anecdotes often give people a long feeling, while allusions summarize the whole story in very refined language and are established by fixed words or phrases such as idioms. For example, carving boats for swords, stealing clocks, waiting for rabbits, learning to walk in Handan, gilding the lily and so on. It's all clear at a glance. Look at the title and you will know what it means and what kind of story it tells. Therefore, allusions are usually closely related to idioms. Idioms are fixed phrases or phrases formed in long-term language use. Idiom allusion is a special part of Chinese vocabulary. They are simple in structure, rich in meaning, and have strong expressive force and appeal. However, in many idioms and allusions, it is not easy to understand them accurately and literally, so we must check them carefully. This is the main reason why idiom allusions are gradually forgotten and abandoned by people.

Idioms and allusions, such as nothing ventured, nothing gained, following the map, etc.

Historical allusions, such as Feng Tang's Yi Lao and Li Guang's Difficult Seal.

Literary allusions, such as Xiao Feng Canyue, Never Return to the River, etc.

Cultural allusions, such as Cowherd and Weaver Girl.

Although there are differences in anecdotes and allusions, they are of the same origin. Generally speaking, it is suitable for the classification of anecdotes and allusions. For example, we divide anecdotes into literary anecdotes (such as the anecdotes of Journey to the West) and cultural anecdotes (such as food anecdotes, Buddhist anecdotes, ethnic anecdotes, clothing anecdotes, etc. ), anecdotes about people (such as Ten Famous Songs in China), historical anecdotes (such as Three Kingdoms) and local attractions (such as Ten Scenic Spots in China). Therefore, allusions can also be divided into the above types, but anecdotes and allusions are all for literary creation, and their application is limited. In addition, anecdotes and allusions can also be classified by country, and there are allusions in foreign literature. Because foreign countries are not as heavy as ancient China, allusions cover a wider range and have more classifications, such as mathematical allusions, physical allusions and scientific allusions.

Proper use of allusions can increase the expressive force of poetry, show richer connotation in limited words, increase charm and interest, make poetry euphemistic and implicit, and avoid straightforwardness. In the history of poetry, Li Shangyin and Su Dongpo are the most frequently used allusions. Some people say that Li Shangyin is "good at accumulating old facts", such as Poem of Love for Snow, which uses 18 allusions. In fact, it seems that allusions come with poetry, and poetry and allusions are inseparable. Foreign countries are no exception, even those who are opposed to using allusions often use allusions intentionally or unintentionally in their poems. The main reason is that the conciseness and euphemism of allusions are related to the conciseness and vividness of poetry. How can we make good use of allusions in poetry creation?

(a) to be familiar with a large number of allusions, in order to be able to use when necessary. China has a long history and rich culture, and all kinds of phenomena in social life can generally find relevant allusions. When creating, we should avoid being empty-minded and unable to associate with relevant allusions. Such as: "It will be a long summer, and the Spring Festival Evening will be tearful, and April Mei will urge the lyrics. Ride a blue coat through the misty rain, soak in the fog in the morning, and leisurely cross Tianchi. Tianchi water boils at first, milk swallows, clouds disappear, catkins can be used as poems. At dusk, I went to the Louxie. I took photos of the railings, and there were many people around me. It's the best income in a year, and I enjoy it alone. At this time in previous years, boys and girls gradually came and said goodbye to Grain Rain with a smile. Qingming cold food hurts relatives and grievances, and there is always a faint miss. It is interesting to look at the steep rocks, the grass grows and the warblers fly, the people are painted, and they are painted in the eyes of the human eye. As the saying goes, I advise you not to waste time. When I get old, I'm afraid of being thin and it rains again and again. When you have to wait and see, rowing on Tianchi Lake is always straight! Bring your own green tea, draw water from Hui Quan, and get old firewood at leisure. After 35 minutes, the tea is fragrant. No friends, no guests, sitting alone, crying while drinking tea. Tianchi Lake in the rain has a unique scenery, and the trickle is endless, so is life. There are endless joys and sorrows, so why sigh? As soon as the rain blows away, life is over. One day passed, the fog dispersed and the sky was clean. See hemp fiber fishing, duckweed swimming fish. How long can this time be natural? It will be hard to bear it next year! I can't help hating. If the table is flat, you can catch birds and sing when you hear it. There is no golden pen in hand, so I can only mumble. I was in a confused state and returned to the downtown area with my hair covered. People are still stupid. " (selected from "Going home when it rains")

(2) We should accurately understand the correct meaning and usage of relevant allusions, and avoid making jokes due to misuse and affecting the expression of meaning. For example, the allusion of "Qin Xin" comes from the love story of Han and Zhuo Wenjun, and it will be inappropriate or far-fetched to apply it to other family ties, friendships and friendships; For example, the allusion of "Looking at the Emperor" is a sad disguise, which is not suitable for celebrations.

(3) When writing poetry, we should pay special attention to the flexible use of allusions, which can be changed and adjusted according to the needs of sentence sounds. For example, there are various allusions to "high mountains and flowing water" in ancient poetry: Zi Qi, confidant, broken string, high mountains and one lane, Zi Qi Er, Zhong You's listening, flowing water quotation and so on. In fact, it can be more, but it should be noted that the key words cannot be changed, such as "Boya", "Zhongqi", "Qin", "Xian" and "Duan".

(4) Pay attention to the vitality of allusions. Poetry is written for others, and allusions are used to convey ideas. So don't write too obscure and astringent allusions into your poems. It should be pointed out that modern poetry was formed after the Tang dynasty, and a large number of allusions are stories before the Tang dynasty, especially during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. People learn Tang poetry and Song poetry and are familiar with these allusions. If they choose other allusions according to ancient books, they must be very cautious, especially after the Tang and Song Dynasties. If they are not widely known, it will be difficult. Our officials climbed scarlet steps together and were separated by purple walls. In the morning, the emperor's honor entered the palace, and at night the body was stained with the aroma of the furnace. White hair increases, lamenting the withering of spring flowers, looking up at the sky and admiring the flying birds. But this is the rule of heaven, there are no mistakes, and there are almost no petitions. "

(5) Since allusions are historical stories, they are used to better convey thoughts and feelings. It is normal to incorporate new allusions according to readers and current events. Nowadays, social media is very developed, and news events are well-known, such as Watergate, Ping Pong Diplomacy, Cultural Revolution, April 5th Incident, Bermuda Triangle and Daqing people. As for the poetry exchange between relatives and friends, it is also very interesting for both sides to use the "stories" they know as allusions, which is a means to make poetry more expressive.

There are roughly three sources of allusions. First, from folk stories, legends, folk customs, myths, famous events in history, or a place name. For example, it is said that a lady named Chang 'e stole the elixir of life in ancient times, but she ate too much and flew to the moon involuntarily. This is the origin of the allusion "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon"; Second, some stories and characters from historical books or literary works. For example, an ancient poet named Xie Lingyun said that the talents of all people in the world add up to ten fights, and Cao Zhi alone accounts for eight fights. He has a fight, and everyone has a fight. Later, people called people with much more talents than ordinary people "people with great talents"; Third, stories, characters, etiquette, etc. From Buddhist scriptures, bibles and other religious books. For example, the allusion of "goddess scattering flowers" comes from Buddhist scriptures and is often used to describe the situation of falling snow and falling flowers. The allusion of "scapegoat" comes from the Bible, which refers to someone who takes the blame for others.

Stories are classified and endless. Only when we pay attention to them everywhere in our daily life and study can we make continuous progress and master them.

(1) Mountain Announcement: Dan Tao of the Jin Dynasty was a big official and was good at recruiting talents. Whenever there is an official vacancy, he personally selects a few people, writes down the memorial, and then plays it publicly, so there is no brain drain, which is called "mountain announcement". See the Book of Jin. Volume 43. Biography of Dan Tao. Later, people used it to show that talented people should be praised. Zhang Tang nine zero. The poem "Looking at the South Mountain after the Rain in the Ming Dynasty" by Cui Shangshu of the Wind and Official Department: "Let the public pay attention to the mountain and praise it after the season." Don. Li shangyin Write a poem for Yu Wenzhong: "There is only Ji Yanzu in the world,

I hope the mountain is announced most. "Later, it was also called' mountain announcement, celebrity announcement, mountain announcement, Dan Tao announcement, mountain announcement, Dan Tao announcement, mountain public knowledge' and so on.

(2) Longyang Chuiyu: The Warring States Policy. Wei Ce Si: "Wang Wei and Long Yangjun are fishing in the same boat, and Long Yangjun is crying for more than ten fish. The king said,' Aren't you happy? If so, why not tell each other? Right:' I dare not be uneasy.' The king said, "but why are you crying?" Said, "I prepared fish for the king." The king said, "Nothing?" Yes, I said,' at first I got fish, and I was very happy, but later I got more benefits. Now I want to give up what I got before. I am fierce today, but I want to brush the pillow mat for the king. Today, I am a minister and a gentleman. I left the court and put people on the road. Within four seas, there are many beautiful women. Thanks to the king, I will be king. I still want the fish I got before, and I will abandon it. Can I be surprised not to cry? ""After that, I took "Longyang weeping fish" as the code name for falling out of favor.

(3) "Historical Records" scold Guanfu. Biography of Wei Wuqi An Hou: He is a straightforward brewer, sorry. There is a gap with the prime minister Tian fen. At a congratulatory banquet held for Tian Fen by the imperial clan of Liehou, Cheng couldn't vent his anger after drinking and swearing at Lin Ruhou (Guan Xian). Later, he used "drinking, swearing, swearing" to refer to drunkenness and willfulness, and also said that he was indomitable and did not advocate power; Use "scolding the seat and filling the husband" to describe a person's perseverance.

(4) Pillow washing: Liu Yiqing in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Pai Diao": "Sun (Sun Chu) wanted to live in seclusion when he was young, and called Wang Wuzi (Wang Ji) pillow washing, which was wrongly called pillow washing. The king said,' can flowers be used as pillows and stones as mouthwash?' Sun said, "So I want to wash my ears." . So wash the stone and sharpen its teeth. ""Sun Chu believes that seclusion must be silent, deaf and get rid of secular dust; Wash stone and grind teeth, stay away from human fireworks. Later, I used "stone washing by pillow, stone washing by pillow, stone washing by pillow, stone washing by pillow" to write about seclusion or leisure life, or high quality.

(5) Riding a Crane to Dengzhou: Tang Anonymous's novel: "Guests follow each other, each saying his own needs, or willing to earn more money for Yangzhou, or willing to ride a crane to Dengzhou. One of them said, "I got rich and rode a crane to the country." Want to have both. "A few people together, some want to be senior officials, some want to get rich, some want to ride a crane to become immortal, and one of them wants to have it both ways. Later, he used "Yangzhou Riding Crane, Yangzhou Riding Crane, Yangzhou Riding Crane, Yangzhou Riding Crane, Yangzhou Riding Crane, Golden Waist Riding Crane, Money Waist Riding Crane, Getting Rich, Becoming Immortal" to refer to being an official, becoming rich, becoming immortal, or describing greed and delusion, or writing some proud and proud words.

(6) Destroying the old scalp: Song Sushi's Dongpo Volume 6: "In previous years, I went to Luo and saw Li, and I was sealed in the east and visited the world. I can be a poet. Call and say no. He asked,' Did someone send you a poem before he left?' Park said,' Mrs. Duchen has a saying: Don't drink a glass of wine and don't recite poems wildly. If you go to the general's office today, you will ruin the old scalp this time. "Laugh on the ground and put it back on the mountain. The hermit Yang Pu is called. When answering Song Zhenzong's question, he pretended that his wife had written a poem, saying that he was summoned by the government and ruined the old man. Later, he used "destroying the old scalp" to mean being imprisoned by official duties and not being free; Call the old man "old scalp".

(7) Lu Nv's Sorrow Kwai: Han Liuxiang's Biography of Women in Lu Lacquer House: There was a woman in Lu Lacquer House who was not married after marriageable age. "When Mu Gong was in power, the old prince was young and the woman leaned against the column and screamed." Neighbors laughed at her when they thought she was getting married and asked her if she was "worried about the old prince and Lu Jun's youngest son". The woman in the paint room said, "In the past, when I was a guest in a horse garden, the horse ran away and practiced my sunflower (winter sunflower, an ancient vegetable) so that I wouldn't eat sunflower all year round ... Now the prince of Lu is old and rebellious, and he is ignorant. Since the day of stupidity, there have been patients in the countries of Fu and Lu, and the monarch, ministers and sons have been humiliated by them, which has harmed all the people, and women have avoided it alone. " I'm worried. "Three years later, there was chaos in Lu. The girl in the paint room didn't get married after the marriage age, but what she was worried about was not private affairs, but the national affairs of Lu. Later, he used "Lu Nv worries about sunflower, leans on corn, sighs about pillars and paints" to express his concern and anxiety about state affairs, or to show that female universities need to get married.

(8) Mozi's "Sorrow for the Past": "Mozi. Dye ":"Mozi said, when he saw the dyed silk, he sighed: Dyed in the pale, it is pale, dyed in the yellow, it is yellow, and the person who enters it changes, and its color also changes. It has only five colors, so it shouldn't be careless. " Mozi was sad at the sight of dyeing silk, thinking that white silk could be dyed into black, yellow and five colors, and it became five-color silk. Later, he used "sad to dye silk, sad to dye silk, sad to dye silk, sad to practice silk, sad to change silk" to express that he was influenced by customs and lamented that he could not extricate himself.

These allusions are just a few small waves in the family of allusions. Many allusions, although familiar to everyone, are often unknown. Therefore, in the process of reading and writing, we must pay attention to the source and interpretation of allusions. If you don't accumulate a trickle, you can't become a river, and if you don't accumulate a step, you can't become a thousand miles. Let's use it while learning, and constantly learn and master allusions and anecdotes in practice.