Diao Chuang drama virtual action

Diao Chuang

One of the masterpieces of Sichuan Opera - Yang Youhe, others include "Qiujiang. Jinshan Temple. Eight Treasures Princess. Fighting the God. Diao Chan. Farewell Palace Expedition. Iron Cage Mountain." Beat the gods and sue the temple

Drama

Chapter 4 Drama Literature

4.1 Concept and classification of drama literature

4.1.1 Drama and Drama literature

1. Drama

Concept: Centered on performing arts, comprehensive use of a variety of artistic means to shape characters and reflect social life. In the West, it refers to drama, but in my country it includes Opera, drama and opera.

Historical review: Generally speaking, it was formed by gradually integrating various artistic means on the basis of ritual (witchcraft, religion).

Chinese Drama: During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, songs and dances were used to entertain the gods; in the Han Dynasty, a variety of songs and dances appeared to entertain people, and actors were the earliest comedy actors; in the Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties, military dramas that performed stories appeared; in the Song and Jin Dynasties, the form of drama began With a large scale, Yuan Zaju produced the first golden age in the history of Chinese drama; during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the legend flourished; at the end of the Qing Dynasty, Peking Opera with national drama characteristics matured; in modern times, Western drama entered China, and Wenming drama was an early drama.

The four elements of drama:

Actor, stage, audience, and script. Among them, the actor’s public performance is the core.

Chapter 4 Drama Literature

2. Dramatic literature

Concept:

Commonly known as script, it is the script used for dramatic performances and the basis for drama artists to shape the stage image.

Comparison The emergence of a complete script shows the development and maturity of the art form of drama. The writer's conscious script writing lays the foundation for dramatic performance.

The relationship between scripts and drama:

Scripts It has a normative and restrictive effect on performance. Performance continues to improve the creation of dramatic literature in a practical way.

Chapter 4 Dramatic Literature

4.1.2 Classification of Dramatic Literature

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1. Capacity: multi-act drama, one-act drama, sketch

Multi-act drama: The structure includes prologue, beginning, development, climax and ending. The "four folds and one wedge" of Yuan Zaju The system is a typical structure.

One-act play: perform a complete story in one act, and the basic part of the plot is concentrated in one scene.

Sketch: intercept a fragment, a moment, a scene, and concentrate on it A certain focus reflects life from the small to the big, giving people inspiration and beautiful enjoyment.

2. Expression forms and means of expression:

Opera, drama, opera, dance drama, film and television Drama, Radio Drama

Chapter 4 Dramatic Literature

Drama: a proper term for traditional Chinese drama. It mainly uses singing to shape

characters and express the characters' thoughts and feelings. It is a kind of music

drama with Chinese characteristics. The freehand characteristics of Chinese opera are very distinctive. It is mainly reflected in the virtual

method and stylized means. It has both form and spirit, and is similar in spirit. Mainly.

Drama: Use lines and facial expressions to create characters, develop conflicts,

reveal themes. European countries call it "drama". Its main feature is dialogue.

The structure requires people, time, place, things and objects to be highly concentrated, complete and unified, and the plot to be compact and coherent.

Opera: singing as the main means of expression , expressed with music and dance

The plot originates from Italy. Foreign operas generally do not have dance and dialogue, while Chinese operas

have dance and dialogue, with strong storytelling and distinctive characteristics.

National style.

Chapter 4 Drama Literature

Dance drama: dance as the main means of expression.

Film and television drama: montage Techniques.

Radio drama: a dramatic form formed with the help of modern media.

3. The nature and expression techniques of dramatic conflicts: tragedy, comedy, drama.

Tragedy: "The destruction of valuable things in life for people to see."

Protagonist - a positive or heroic figure.

Dramatic conflict - "historical

"The tragic conflict between a necessary requirement and the practical impossibility of realizing this requirement".

The effect - pity, sympathy, grief and indignation, nobility.

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Comedy: "Tear the worthless things to show others". There are satirical comedies and

humorous comedies.

< p>Protagonist - a positive character who is ugly, stupid or defective.

Dramatic conflict - the phenomenon of something worthless or ugly

The incongruity between appearance and essence , non-uniform conflict.

The effect - "laughing".

Drama: "mixing the two pleasures of tragedy and comedy"

Drama. Also known as tragicomedy or serious drama.

The protagonist can be an ordinary person or a great man or a hero.

In general, it is positive, with some minor shortcomings in progress. People.

Chapter 4 Dramatic Literature

Drama Conflict - the struggle between positive forces and negative forces, the struggle between positive factors and negative factors

.Generally ends with the

victory of positive force or positive factors.

Effect - can arouse people's serious feelings as well as joyful

laughter The sound can not only make sympathetic tears and understanding smiles appear on people's faces

, but also make deep sighs and exciting feelings touch people's eyes

Heart. Emotions of joy or sadness alternate.

Most of the works of Chinese opera are such serious dramas.

Chapter 4 Dramatic Literature

4.2 Drama Characteristics of Literature

1. Drama Conflict

Concept: It is the most adequate to develop characters’ personalities and relationships, reflects the essential characteristics of social life

, and is highly typical. Conflicts. There are conflicts caused by the influence of the external environment

, and conflicts caused by the characters themselves.

Four forms and three developments of conflicts:

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Four forms: conflict between people, conflict between people and nature, conflict between people and society

Conflict between characters, and inner conflict

Three developments: Frontal conflict, side conflict, psychological conflict

Dramatic conflict runs throughout a play and is the basis and driving force for the continuous development of the plot

It is the life of dramatic art and the foundation of drama. The most important and essential feature of literature.

Chapter 4 Dramatic Literature

2. Lines

Lines are the main means for dramatic literature to shape characters and develop conflicts. .This is also the characteristic that distinguishes dramatic literature from other literary styles. Lines include dialogue and stage prompts.

Characteristics: dialogue and action. < /p>

Dialogue:

Dialogue is the main means of depicting characters in dramas, and it is also the fundamental means of expressing conflicts and conflicts.

The fundamental means of promoting plot development.

In addition, you can also use "monologue" and "narration" to express and portray characters.

Monologue: often used to express the character's inner wishes, express feelings, and comment on things

Things and revelations Behavioral motivation.

Narration: Create an interesting and unique stage atmosphere and produce comedy effects.

Chapter 4 Dramatic Literature

Action:

Action language refers to the language in the character's action process. It is a substitute language for the character's inner activities, implying future actions and indicating the direction of the plot.

Function——

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Promote the development of the plot and expand the conflicts between characters;

Accurately express the characters' inner thoughts, express their personalities, and prompt the actors to coordinate their body movements to portray the characters.

Fourth Chapter Drama Literature

3. Scene

Scene refers to a certain situation in drama literature composed of scenery, music and characters.

The characters are in a certain situation. The main content is the life situations

that are formed by the relationships between the characters on the occasion. It includes: the specific environment

of the characters’ activities; specific relationships between characters; specific events.

The role of scenes -

Constitute sharp dramatic conflicts

Promote the development of the plot

Enrich the characters of the drama

** Scenes The design should pay attention to: it should be consistent with the identity and psychology of the characters; it should be consistent with the plot environment

and the characteristics of the times; the scene should not change too frequently.

Chapter 4 Drama Literature

4.3 Dramatic literature writing

1. Dramatic character design

Conflict characters

Clue characters

Relationship characters

2. Line writing

When writing script lines, you should pay attention to: plot, character (colloquial), and charm (literary, rhythm).

Pay attention to writing stage prompts

Chapter 4 Drama Literature

Thinking and Practice

1. What is drama? What are the similarities and differences between drama and drama literature

2. Talk about drama The four elements.

Three, what is opera and what are its characteristics?

Four, talk about the characteristics of tragedy, comedy and drama.

Five, drama literature What are the characteristics of

Sixth, give an example of what dramatic conflict is and what role it plays.

Seventh, talk about your understanding of dramatic lines.

8. Write a line.

Chapter 4 Dramatic Literature

Life Ritual - Aesthetics

Secular Ritual - Entertainment

Drama ——

(Witchcraft) Religious Ceremony - Worshiping God

Drama originated from religious rituals, but drama is not equal to religion. The dramatic elements in religious rituals are just factors of drama. From Drama only becomes drama when actors and audiences are differentiated in religion.

Virtual action

Restricted by stage conditions, drama performances have formed their own unique concepts of time and space. In opera, actions are virtual and stylized, and their spatio-temporal characteristics are mainly represented by virtual time and virtual space based on virtual actions; on the opera stage, apart from the characters' virtual actions and explanatory lines, There is no specific time and specific space. In this way, the structural characteristics of opera scripts are caused, that is, they have great freedom in time and space. In dramas, actions are basically realistic, and their time and space limitations are much greater than those in dramas. Therefore, this determines the structural characteristics of drama scripts, that is, drama actions must continue to develop in a fixed space and duration. . Of course, this does not mean that it can only have one fixed space (i.e. scene), nor does it mean that its time must be continuous from beginning to end; but its transformation of space and time must be achieved by interrupting actions, The method is to change scenes (or scenes) or change from dark to dark. This forms the characteristics of separate acts and separate scenes in the drama structure. Playwrights can use this method to relatively expand the time and space capacity of the script. The so-called "scene" refers to a large paragraph in the development of action and plot; the so-called "scene" refers to the transformation of space or the interval of time in a large paragraph. In modern dramas, the boundaries between acts and scenes are no longer as clear as before, and some plays are not divided into acts but only scenes. But in general, whether it is a drama, opera or opera, the structure of the script must follow the principle of high concentration of time and space. The dramatic conflicts and plots in the script should be unfolded in highly concentrated scenes and scenes. This principle is the same in drama creation in any era, but the specific requirements and specific performances are different. For example, the "Three Unities" of French classical drama requires that the actions of a play can only unfold in the same scene, and the time span of action development cannot exceed 24 hours. In practice, this is difficult to completely achieve, so later it was was breached. In modern scripts, most of them no longer follow such regulations, and there are so-called "multi-scene" dramas, that is, one play can contain a dozen (or more) scenes, and the time span of action development can Extended to months, years or even decades; some also pay full attention to the hypothetical characteristics of the stage space and use freehand space processing methods to expand the capacity of space and time.

In modern opera scripts, there is another trend, which is to abandon or change the principles of virtual space and virtual time

It is indeed a bit messy~~~

Reference: Baidu< /p>