The origin of quarks

In 1964, the American physicist Gell-Mann proposed the quark model and the quark octet (eightfold path) and tenfold state

The quark octet state

? (U upper quark is charged 2/3, d lower quark is charged -1/3, s strange quark is charged -1/3)

4 The charges of the delta baryons are:

Δ-=1e-, ?Δ0=uncharged, ?Δ+=1e+, ?Δ++=2e+,

e is The charge of an electron = 1.60*10 coulombs.

Quarks are divided into three generations (one generation is heavier than the next),

? - Six flavors (flavors are energy, from small to large - top and bottom, top and bottom, six flavors),

? -Three colors (the colors are degrees of freedom and phase, the three colors are red, green and blue),

? -Pros and cons, so there are 36 kinds of quarks in total

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Three generations of positive and negative quark diagrams:

Three-color positive and negative quark diagrams: Three-color quarks are composed of different - baryons, nucleons, hyperons (red, blue and green each occupy one color),?

Quarks are the basic units that make up hadrons (including most particles such as neutrons, protons, nucleons, hyperons, baryons, and mesons) (see the picture below)

Neutrons, protons, Hadrons such as mesons are composed of more basic units - quarks (neutrons and protons are composed of three quarks and belong to baryons, and mesons are composed of two quarks). Many Chinese physicists call quarks "stratons" .

Two quarks, positive and negative, form various meson diagrams

? Quark-gluon plasma diagram

The +- sign in the diagram represents the indivisible minimum positive Negative electromagnetic information unit - quantum bit (qubit)

(The famous physicist John Wheeler once said: Everything comes from bit It from bit

Quantum information research is booming Later, this concept was sublimated to the fact that everything originates from quantum bits)

Note: Bits are bits