Who is Francisco Goya? What did you do?

/kloc-in 0/800, the outstanding Spanish painter Francisco Goya completed the family portrait of Charles IV asked him to paint. Goya carefully presented this painting to Charles IV, who was very satisfied with it and officially awarded Goya the title of "the first painter in Spain". Goya is a great painter in Spain, but now he has become the first painter in Spain. Goya couldn't help feeling smug when she was happy. This title is completely unexpected!

In this portrait of Charles IV's family, Goya took great pains. He has succeeded now. How can he not be happy? At the top of the picture, Goya deliberately uses monotonous colors with a somewhat dull composition. The Wang family is divided into two parts, and they are all proud and bureaucratic in front of the artists. Goya skillfully shows the bright colors of holiday costumes, medals and jewels, shining through golden smoke in the whole background, and the whole dazzling color especially shows the obscene and vulgar appearance of the king and queen. The fat and stupid king held his head high proudly and looked at the front stupidly, just like a big cock. The queen beside her twisted her head and looked around warily with vulgar, greedy and fierce eyes. Others, some arrogant, some at a loss, some suspicious, more or less inherited the ugly appearance and spirit of some kings and queens. Charles IV was satisfied with such works, which shows how stupid and self-appreciative these rulers are. Goya, blessed by evil, has a greater position in the hearts of the people. Who would want the title of "the first painter in Spain"? If a work like Goya gains such a high reputation, it will become an outstanding joke.

However, this Goya, who likes to "do evil" and opposes the ruling class, spends most of his time in the upper class of the ruling class. In this way, Goya has a deeper understanding of the stupidity and cruelty of the ruling class. He raised a sharp brush and spent his whole life fighting evil forces.

Goya is the son of a farmer. He was born in Zaragoza on March 30th, 746. Goya spent his childhood as a shepherd boy. /kloc-around 0/760, when little Goya/kloc-was 0/4 years old, a priest discovered his painting talent and sent him to the studio of the famous local painter Jose Martini to study, which became the first lesson for little Goya. However, young Goya is always fidgeting. He likes bullfighting since he was a child, and he likes to be in the passion of fighting. From 65438 to 0765, Goya took part in the anti-religious struggle and became an activist. After the failure of the struggle, Goya was chased around by religious organizations and had to flee to Madrid to live in seclusion. Here, he deeply studied the works of famous artists, and his style gradually formed. However, Goya is always restless. He stabbed a painter hired by the king in a fight, and Goya had to wander to Italy again.

In Rome, Goya's artistic level began to appear. He painted an oil painting Hannibal in Palma and won the second prize of the Academy of Fine Arts. But Goya, who got carried away, got into trouble again and made great efforts. With the help of the Spanish ambassador, the troubled young man fled back to his hometown.

1775, Goya returned to Madrid and began to work for the court. Goya created two sets of wooden oil paintings, which won him a reputation. Among them, parasols, pottery market, spring, injured masons and grapes are ripe, and the picture is full of life.

1780, Goya was approved as a member of the Royal Academy of Painting, and the outstanding Goya soon became the vice president of the Academy. 1789, Goya became the chief painter of the court. During this period, he became more and more aware of the ugly face of the ruling class. Although deaf in both ears, he fought against the feudal religious ruling class with a sharper brush. During this period, he created photos of Charles IV's family. In addition, his French ambassador Ferdinand Gilmadd also showed Goya's sympathy and love for revolutionary figures. There are also the most controversial Maha in Clothes and Naked Maha. These are two young women with exactly the same posture and appearance. It is said that this young woman is the Duchess of Alba. She fell in love with Goya, so many love stories are fictional. But recent evidence shows that this young woman is very different from the Duchess of Alba. Goya shows the purity, kindness and elegance of women in these two paintings. In particular, Naked Maha directly declared war on abstinence feudal Catholicism. Later, Goya was interrogated by the Inquisition for this painting of naked women.

The inquisition in Spain has always been known for its strictness. According to statistics, during the reign of Charles IV in the Goya era, the Inquisition burned as many as 340,000 people in more than 300 years, and many people who sought truth were thrown into the fire as heresies.

However, Goya is not afraid of them. During this period, he created a set of 80 corroded copperplate prints named Gabriel Jos, also known as Rhapsody, which severely exposed and criticized the hypocrisy and cruelty of religion and the greed and stupidity of monks, and expressed the sufferings and misfortunes of the people under religious rule and feudal autocracy. For example, in one of the stories, a donkey doctor was taking the pulse of a dying patient. The doctor said, "What killed him?" Another example is two people carrying a donkey, entitled "Can't you do it yourself?" For another example, a stump in the picture is wearing a monk's cassock, with his hands stretched out and a face-like shadow exposed under his headscarf. In front of it, a group of women and children are kneeling, with the title "That's what judges can do." Exposed the cruelty of the church monks to the people and their own emptiness and incompetence. Another example is a picture in which several donkey students are listening to a class in front of the donkey teacher. This book is full of the word "A" and the title is "Can students know more?" In addition, there is a picture of a person sleeping on his desk, with many demons flying behind him, and the title is "rational dreams are all demons." People can't have peace and happiness in their sleep.

This group of 80 works is a strong exposure and accusation of religious rule. As soon as it was exhibited, it was immediately intervened and banned by the Inquisition, and Goya was also noticed by the Inquisition. Later, Goya pretended to be dedicated to Charles IV to escape persecution.

1808, French Napoleon's army invaded Madrid, and the Spanish people rose up, but in the end, because they were outnumbered, the streets and alleys of Madrid were covered with blood. Goya's heart was filled with anger. During this period, Goya created The Battle of Pulta Derizo (1Street Fighting on May 2nd, 808) and French Army Shooting Rebels (1May 3rd, 808 Massacre), in addition to a group of more than 80 corroded copperplate prints, The Paintings of the Battle Group.

For example, the massacre of1May 3, 808 showed the heroism of the Spanish who died in battle and the cruelty of the French invaders. The invaders only dare to kill patriotic uprisings in the middle of the night. A group of people who were shot fell to the ground, and their deaths were terrible. There are priests, monks, citizens and farmers in this group. They show anger, unyielding and hatred, and sadness in the face of death. An insurgent in white clothes and yellow trousers at gunpoint, like Christ crucified, opened his arms, as if to protect those who suffered with him, and as if to shout slogans or curse invaders. That unyielding look shows the noble quality of a patriot. Under the illumination of the lights in the ground square, the ground has been dyed red with shocking blood. The sharp contrast between red and white sets off a tragic atmosphere, while the invaders in the shadow are just a row of black symbols of "killing machines". The background is Taizi Mountain near Madrid Palace, which expresses Goya's exposure and criticism of the ruling class's evil behavior of colluding with foreign enemies and inviting wolves into the room.

1824, Goya lived in Bordeaux, France, to escape the persecution of the new king Ferdinand VII (son of Charles IV). In his later years, Goya seemed to have returned to his childhood. He recalled the excellent qualities of hard work, integrity and kindness of the lower working people. Among them, the peasant girl with crocks and rags in her arms in his masterpiece The Girl Selling Water overwhelmed all the palace ladies he painted with her simple and healthy vitality and youthful vitality. Goya felt the hope of life.

1828, Goya died in Bordeaux at the age of 82. Shortly before his death, his last work, The Milkman of Bordeaux, became his last masterpiece. Among them, the technique is already impressionist.

Goya died, and he left a precious masterpiece for people with his lifelong enthusiasm and superb skills. Faithful to reality, he profoundly exposed and criticized the evil of feudal religious forces of the ruling class with unyielding spirit. But also praised the excellent quality and incomparable vitality of the working people with great enthusiasm. People think that he is the great founder of modern realistic art.

"Modern European painting began in Goya." Art historians say so.