Details of four domestic misers and four foreign misers.

1. Shylock (Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice)

He is a Jew, a usurer, greedy, stingy, cruel and vicious; Although he is rich, he never enjoys it and is bent on usury. Try to limit her daughter Jessica's contact with the outside world and let her elope with her lover with money; Ruthlessly abuse and deduct servants, and even don't let people eat enough; I hate Antonio, a merchant in Venice, because he is generous, helpful and hates usurers.

2. Abagong (the comedy "Miser" by French playwright Moliere, or translated as "Miser" and "Miser")

Abagong is a typical miser and miser. He loves money like life and is very stingy. He is not only very strict with his servants and family, but also often sleeps hungry, so that he can't sleep in the middle of the night, so he goes to the stable to steal buckwheat. He insisted that his son marry a rich widow and his daughter marry a rich master, regardless of his children's favorite object. When the money he deliberately buried in the garden was taken away, he cried for the land and was in pain, vividly depicting the image of a miser who regarded money as his life.

3. Grandet (French writer Balzac's novel The Miser, originally translated by Eugene Grandet)

The "miser", that is, the slave who guards the property, should be the owner of the property and the dominator of the wealth, but Grandet has become a miser. "Seeing gold and owning it is Grandet's obsession", and money has alienated him. He drove his nephew away for property, tortured his wife to death, deprived his only daughter of the right to inherit her mother's inheritance, and prohibited her from falling in love, which ruined her life's happiness. Through the description of Grandet's life, the author profoundly exposed the naked money relationship between people in capitalist society.

4.Splashkin (novel "Dead Soul" by Russian writer Nikolai Gogol)

Spirochin is a typical example of declining landlords in Russia and a microcosm of the imminent demise of Russian feudal society. Although greed and meanness are comparable to Grandet's, decay and decline are the personality of Pohiggins.

Yan jiansheng

Among China's ancient masterpieces, there is also a famous miser-Yan Jiansheng (the satirical novel The Scholars by Wu, a novelist in the Qing Dynasty). Yan Jiansheng's name is Yan Dayu, and the word He Zhi is a timid and rich man. Timid as he is, he is not a kind person. His wife is ill in bed and dying. In the side room, Zhao pretended to be diligent and tricked his wife Wang into agreeing to help her be the first wife. As soon as Wang got it off his chest, Yan Jiansheng "couldn't listen any longer, and even said,' In that case, I'll ask my uncle to make a decision early tomorrow so that I can have evidence.' "This one thing alone reveals the essence of Yan Jiansheng's character, soft outside and hard inside. From the whole time, Yan Jiansheng paid back the money for his brother, bribed Wang Ren, married Zhao, held a funeral for Wang and so on. For a year, he did spend a lot of money, and a single funeral cost four or five thousand two hundred pieces of silver, but this does not show his generosity. On the contrary, Yan Jiansheng is a typical miser, and the money he spends is really out of necessity. There are two details that can make readers realize the harsh greed in Yan Jiansheng's character: First, when Wang died, Zhao mentioned that he would send two uncles to catch the exam. Yan Jiansheng listened without saying anything, "A cat was squatting on his leg under the table, and Yan Jiansheng's boots kicked off." This sudden act of secretly making a determined effort is precisely the psychological expression of his pity for silver and hatred for his two uncles at the moment. Secondly, Yan Jiansheng stretched out two fingers on his deathbed and refused to give up his life. The eldest nephew, the second nephew, the wet nurse and others all came forward to guess and persuade him, but they all missed the point. Finally, Zhao stepped forward and said, "Sir, only I can know your heart. You ordered two corduroies for that lamp. Don't worry, you may have wasted oil. " It was not until Scott picked a rush that he nodded and swallowed. This detail became a very famous example in the history of China literature. It exposes the stingy squire with sharp irony, and at the same time adds a vivid stroke to Yan Jiansheng's characterization. Of course, we should also realize the complexity of Yan Jiansheng's personality. His character has a stingy side, a humble and pitiful side and a human side. He used money as a talisman to eliminate disasters and make peace. After his wife Wang was ill, he asked a famous doctor to fry ginseng, which was unambiguous. After Wang died, he was heartbroken. "I cried in bed again." This is not the tears of acting, just like the old man's comment in Xian Zhai: "This is also the true feelings of husband and wife." His human side is written here. Because he had no family advantage, he was afraid of his eldest brother Yan until his death. He lived a humble life and died a coward. As for the accumulation of property, there are two main ways: first, through exploitation and possession; The second is to reduce expenses by poor management, careful calculation and even self-abuse in lifestyle. He loves and accumulates wealth, but sometimes he is generous. This is inseparable from his situation that he has no family advantage, fame and status. However, he is unwilling to give in to others. This kind of mentality was revealed in his sad last words that left his brother-in-law alone before he died. He said, "After I die, my two old uncles will take care of your nephew, teach him to read and earn a place in school, so as not to be angry with the big house all day, just like me." In his mind, besides money, he must have fame and power. Only in this way can he live a dignified life. His last words are a summary of his life experience. In a word, he is a character who has been teased by the ruling class. He is stingy and fickle, and there is no lack of human feelings. Exploring Yan Jiansheng's deformed soul from many aspects is helpful to fully understand the author's profound intention and wit.

Li introduced

Poor and selfish Li

Li Meng wanted to make a fortune with a box of medicine, but refused to treat Miss Sun, a sick colleague, with a pack. She was very stingy, took out an unsealed comic book of small pills and was willing to give it away. In a small town, money is not enough. Li pretended that his money was confiscated, but he kept cigarettes to buy sweet potatoes, hiding in the corner and eating alone, and was discovered by Fang Hung-chien. This shows that he is unwilling to share and has no sense of collectivity. Full of benevolence and morality, but halfway down; I like playing cards, but I forbid others to play cards. ...

China's four misers, Li-Qian Zhongshu, Fortress Besieged, Xu Fuchi-Qian, Zhuangzi Foreign Things, Yan Jiansheng-Wu and The Scholars.

Sherlock in British Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice;

Abagong in Moliere's comedy The Miser;

French Balzac's novel Eugénie? Grandet in Grandet;

Russian Nikolai Nikolai Gogol's novel "Dead Soul" spilled on Higgins.