What is the animal next to people? Why?

Judging from all kinds of news information, I think there are two kinds. High IQ: mice; dolphin

About mice:

Studies have shown that mice and humans are genetically super similar.

Xinhuanet Beijing 65438+February 17 (Reporter Ren Haijun) On the surface, people and mice are very different. Most mice are thin and hairy and often crawl on all fours; Moreover, people are big and tall, and they walk tall and straight. However, the latest decoded mouse genome clearly shows that the genetic difference between humans and mice is surprisingly small, and it is not an exaggeration to say that they are "brothers".

The number of genes in humans and mice is about 30,000, of which only about 300 are unique to each other. 23 for humans

The 2.9 billion base pairs on the chromosome are quite close to about 2.5 billion base pairs on 20 pairs of chromosomes in mice, and the "blank" fragments between genes on the DNA chain are also very similar. Mice and humans * * * have 80% genetic material and 99% genes in common, including genes related to tail function.

In fact, it is not surprising that humans have tail genes. At that time, the ancestors of human beings, forest apes, all had tails when they walked from trees to the ground, but in the later evolution process, the tails gradually disappeared. And strictly speaking, the human tail has not completely disappeared, but "shrunk" into a coccyx. Now, although this tail is gone, the genes related to its function cannot be "evolved" into irrefutable evidence.

Knowing these results, people may be indignant: how can a small mouse be compared with human beings who are known as the spirits of all things? In fact, this is not difficult to understand, because both have the same ancestor. 75 million to 654.38+0.25 billion years ago, there was a small animal that lived in the crevices of dinosaurs and was good at running. It was the same ancestor of human and mouse, and also the same ancestor of all mammals with placenta.

The genetic difference of 1% formed by hundreds of millions of years of evolution has actually caused such different fates for the "brothers" of human and mouse. It's really "good luck"!

About dolphins:

Who is the cleverest in the animal kingdom? Some people might say chimpanzees. However, oceanographers believe that dolphins have the same learning ability as humans, even slightly better than chimpanzees, and are known as "wise men" in the ocean.

In 1930s, Dr. Nana Ogawa of Japan began the comparative experiment of dolphin brain, human brain and other animal brains. Anatomical studies have proved that dolphins' brains are very developed. The average brain weight of an adult dolphin is 1600g ~ 1800g, which is heavier than the human brain. Moreover, the cerebral cortex of dolphins is very developed and covered with sulcus gyrus, which is much higher than that of macaques, second only to humans.

Gaul Auden, a famous French scientist, thinks that the ancestors of human beings are dolphins, because he found that dolphins are more similar to humans than apes. Although this view has not been accepted by most people at present, most scientists believe that dolphins are very intelligent animals. This is because dolphins have excellent performance: they can accurately identify targets; Can transmit information to divers; Frequently rescue shipwrecks and drowning personnel; Being able to pilot ships in dangerous waters for decades; Able to detect various situations in the sea area, eliminate dangerous situations and ensure the smooth navigation of warships; Can perform all kinds of wonderful acrobatic programs and so on.

The motive force of intellectual evolution

Among more than 30 species of dolphins, most of them have the ability to live in groups, forming dozens to hundreds of groups, but they can be subdivided into smaller organizations within a certain period of time and re-formed into alliances if necessary. Scientists have spent thousands of hours observing the behavior of some bottlenose dolphins off the coast of Australia. They found that dolphins have formed some social alliances, which are more complex and cunning than any mammal except humans. In these sleek marine animal partnerships, a group of dolphins will unite with other male dolphins to form a "joint team" to deal with the third team. This multi-level "war plan" requires considerable brain power to calculate.

Many primates, such as chimpanzees and baboons, are famous for their ability to unite against their enemies, but never before have a group of animals thought of uniting another group of animals to attack a third group. What is even more surprising is that the multi-group alliance formed by dolphins seems to be dynamic and diverse. According to the needs of dolphins, whether one group owes "human feelings" to another group and the feeling that dolphins think they will succeed are changing every day. In other words, dolphins are very opportunistic. Every dolphin always wants to know who his friends are and who his enemies are.

Interestingly, dolphins not only form alliances with other dolphins, but sometimes form temporary cooperation "alliances" with tuna to round up ducklings. Scientists firmly believe that the pressure of cooperation and competition with peers, that is, "we must be separated for a long time, and we must be together for a long time", may have accelerated the evolution of dolphin brains. Humans have evolved into a highly gregarious state, and relatives, friends and enemies are mixed together. The resources shared by one person today may become very scarce tomorrow, thus triggering a fight. In this complex environment, there are few such clear relationships, and human intelligence is highly developed under this background. Some scientists insist that the "high IQ" of dolphins is not only similar to the intellectual maturity of human beings, but also in the same strain.

Dealing with people

A few years ago, the sight of Japanese ocean-going fishing boats catching and killing dolphins made the world wildlife protection organizations and animal lovers furious. However, dolphins are, after all, advanced mammals living in the ocean, and their wisdom is unmatched by fish. First of all, dolphins know that high jump will bring danger. Whenever fishing boats approach, they slowly dive underwater. Their breathing movements also become very light. They just put the breathing hole out of the water for a few seconds, and then immediately dived into the water, and the splash from the past breathing disappeared. In this way, it is difficult for the lookout on the fishing boat to find the target. Secondly, lovely dolphins have amazing ability to distinguish. No matter on the surface or underwater, dolphins can tell whether the approaching ship is a dangerous fishing boat or an ordinary ship without danger. What's more, dolphins in some sea areas seem to have mastered all the details and laws of fishing boat activities. As a result, they no longer avoid fishing boats, and sometimes even swim to them. Dolphins certainly won't swim to the port side of the fishing boat, because they know that the trawl is pulled to the deck from the port side by winch or crane, but there is no danger to the starboard side. The fishermen here can do nothing about it.

Most importantly, some dolphins have begun to challenge fishermen. Some spotted dolphins accidentally swam into the net with tuna when the fishing boat opened the net. Before closing the net, the spotted dolphin preyed on mackerel by itself, as if unaware that it was trapped in the tiger's mouth. The fishing boat began to close the net, but the spotted dolphin was still lying on the water, as if pretending to be dead. Because they know that in order to pull the net, the fishing boat must come back, and the net edge near the port will sink into the water for about 20 seconds. Spotted dolphins are waiting for this opportunity. As soon as the net edge sinks, they will file out unhurriedly, and the spotted dolphins who float on the fish and pretend to be dead will follow. After all the dolphins are out of the net, they will perform several beautiful high jumps not far from the fishing boat, which seems to have the spirit of those stunned fishermen. /question/2978787.html？ md=3