Why you should consider the object and occasion when talking to others

This is appropriate.

Conversing with people is a basic use of language. Use language appropriately.

Appropriateness is an important requirement for using language. The so-called appropriateness means that it is suitable for the language environment and the words are used appropriately. Specifically, it means that on a specific occasion, when saying something to someone or some related people, how to say it is most appropriate, in line with the requirements of this occasion, and in line with the requirements of the relationship between the listener and the speaker.

To use language appropriately, you can consider the following aspects.

1. Suitable for the context, use words accurately, and choose appropriate sentence patterns

Language, whether it is a basic unit word, a larger unit phrase, a sentence, or even a larger one Unit sentence groups and fragments are not isolated and have certain contexts. The context may be related words, sentences, or paragraphs. Whether a word is used accurately and whether a sentence pattern is chosen appropriately are closely related to the context. For example:

① After working the night shift for a week, I had to rock in the car for 11 hours every day. I was as sleepy as a ball of cotton. (Ale's "One Side")

② Unfortunately, the first month has passed and Runtu had to go home. I was so anxious that I burst into tears. He also hid in the kitchen, crying and refusing to go out, but he was finally His father took him away. (Lu Xun's "Hometown")

Example 1: To express the meaning of "tired" and "tired", in conjunction with the "a ball of cotton" below, "sleepy" is most appropriate. Example ②The last clause uses a passive sentence pattern, which is influenced by the above and omits the subject, making the whole sentence coherent in meaning and smooth in tone.

2. Clear purpose and be targeted

Whether speaking or writing, there is a certain purpose, either to narrate events, to explain things, to describe phenomena, or to express feelings. ,etc. Therefore, before speaking or writing, you must first clarify your purpose. For example, Xia Yan's "Indentured Workers" mainly reflects the miserable life of indentured workers who are oppressed and inferior to horses, and exposes the brutal exploitation and oppression of workers by imperialism in collusion with China's feudal forces. Therefore, many words are used to achieve this purpose. and sentence structure. The first paragraph is very typical:

③ In the middle of April of the lunar calendar, at 4:15 in the morning, before dawn, the people sleeping in the crowded workshop were already being shouted at to get up. A man wearing a silk shirt and trousers that were inappropriate for the season shouted loudly: "The shop is being demolished! Get up!" Then he shouted like an order: "'Lu Chai Bang', go and light the fire! Damn it, you're still lying down. You're a pig!" (Xia Yan's "Indentured Workers")

On the one hand, this paragraph describes the indentured workers. They "sleep in crowded workshops" and are "shouted" by people like cattle and horses before dawn. "Get up." The passive sentence structure and the choice of "shouting" appropriately reflect the tragic experience of the bonded workers; on the other hand, when writing about the bosses of the contract workers, they "shouted loudly" and "shouted like giving orders", and what they shouted was Some short imperative sentences. The choice of words and sentence patterns also appropriately reflects the cruelty and viciousness of the boss.

3. Look at the target and pay attention to propriety

Language communication is always two-way, with both the speaking or writing side and the listening or reading side. Therefore, speakers and writers cannot just say whatever they want, but should say appropriate words based on the age, occupation, thoughts, personality and other different characteristics of the target, which is the so-called "say what to whom". There is a child who has read many articles by the old writer Bing Xin and respects her very much. Once when I saw her, the child asked: "Grandma Bing Xin, how old are you this year?" "How old" is a word to ask a child, and it is not appropriate to use the words to ask a child to ask a highly respected old woman. It would be more appropriate to say "How old are you?" Lu Xun paid great attention to this aspect when writing articles. In "In Memory of Mr. Liu Hezhen", when he quoted others' words, he directly called him "Liu Hezhen", and when he narrated himself, he called him "Mr. Liu Hezhen", which showed his respect for her. Another example:

④ However, in this kind of workshop, lying down to recuperate when sick is not allowed. (Original manuscript of Xia Yan's "Investment")

⑤ He applied for urgent funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and informed Professor Chen Zhangliang, dean of the School of Life Sciences of Peking University, and professor Zhou Zengquan, executive vice dean, of the situation.

Example ④ "Recuperation" means rest and recuperation. When a bonded worker is sick and lies down just to get a temporary rest, it is not recuperation at all. Therefore, when finalizing the draft, the author changed it to "rest" to adapt to the narrative. The object is very decent. Example ⑤ When reporting the situation to the leader, it is inappropriate to say "tell". It should be "reported".

4. Adapt to the occasion and use clever words

Occasion refers not only to the overall atmosphere composed of a certain time and place, but also to the natural and social situations at the time of communication. The so-called "singing the same song on which mountain" and the so-called "singing words according to the situation" refer to adapting to different occasions and speaking cleverly and naturally.

Occasions vary, whether they are sad or happy; formal or casual; tense and busy, relaxed and happy, etc. Different occasions have different requirements for language use. Generally speaking, on sad occasions, one should be serious and solemn, and should not tell irrelevant jokes; on happy occasions, one should be relaxed and happy, and should not nag one's own troubles, dissatisfaction, etc. This is the restriction of the overall atmosphere of communication on the content of speech.

In addition, you must take advantage of specific occasions and learn to "appropriate rhetoric according to the situation." Someone once gave an example: one spring, he went to visit an old classmate whom he had not seen for a long time. That day, the weather was particularly good. After the continuous rain, the sun was shining brightly and the spring was beautiful. The old classmate opened the door and saw him, and said happily: "Hey, old friend, you have brought us warm sunshine!" This sentence used the seasonal weather to express the joy and welcome to the guests in a pun. The feeling is just right. Another example:

⑦ Lu Shiping (crying loudly) What a group of robbers! (walking to Zhou Ping) You are Ping...why should you beat my son?

Zhou Ping, who are you?

Lu Shiping, I am your mother. (Cao Yu's "Thunderstorm")

Zhou Ping is Lu Shiping's son, but her mother could not recognize her son on that occasion. Therefore, although she almost confessed her true feelings several times, she was just right and timely. Moved elsewhere. The success of the twist lies in making full use of the specific situation in which her other son was beaten.

5. Grasp the language style and use accurate words

The language style is a different style of language formed to adapt to a specific language environment. Respectively, there are two types: oral style and written style. There are several main variations of written style, such as official document style, literary style, scientific style, political style, etc.

Different language styles often use different language materials to adapt to their different contexts and communicative needs, forming their own different language characteristics. For example, classical Chinese words are elegant, concise, and solemn, and are often used in more solemn written styles such as official documents and affairs; dialect words, slang, and idioms, etc., are concise, popular, and easy to understand, and are used in literary and artistic styles of spoken or written styles. Use often. Another example is that scientific and technical genres and political genres often use long sentences, regular sentences, complete sentences, etc., while oral genres and literary genres often use short sentences, modified sentences, omitted sentences, etc. For example, there was this question in the 1996 College Entrance Examination:

⑧The broadcast script requires a colloquial language that can be understood as soon as you hear it. When converting the following paragraph into a broadcast script, there were four things that had to be changed. Write the serial numbers everywhere.

(a) Since (b) the (c) strong earthquake occurred in the western region of our province, (d) all walks of life in this city have been very concerned about (e) people’s lives after the earthquake and actively carried out (f) For disaster relief activities, the accumulated donations (g) (h) have exceeded 1 million yuan. Our factory originally donated (i) (including donated clothes and items discounted) 80,000 yuan, and yesterday donated another 20,000 yuan. (j) These money and materials have been transferred to (k) the disaster area.

Example ⑧According to the requirements for the broadcast script put forward in the question stem, there are (e) (f) (h) (i) that need to be changed. (e) (f) have the same pronunciation, and there is no difference when broadcasting, which is easy to misunderstand; they can be changed to "disaster" and "disaster relief". (h) The classical language is too strong and is not suitable for such a colloquial broadcast script; it can be changed to "has exceeded 1 million yuan." (i) It is not necessary to read out when broadcasting. If emphasis is required, the text should be reorganized. Another example:

⑨ In the movie "Lin Zexu", it is written that Lin Zexu summoned foreign businessmen to affirm the Chinese government's order to strictly prohibit the sale of opium. It said that if anyone violates the order, "the ship and cargo will be handed over to the public, and the person will be punished." . A foreign businessman asked: "What is 'Fa Zheng'?" Chinese officials replied: "Fa Zheng is beheading.

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In this paragraph, Lin Zexu is talking about laws, so he uses the solemn and elegant "zhengfa". The officials are talking verbally, so he uses the easy-to-understand "decapitation" and their respective styles. Very coordinated.