What are the cross talk skills?

Ma Ji, a famous crosstalk artist, pointed out when talking about the basic concept of crosstalk: "(Crosstalk) is the art of making people laugh by organizing a series of unique' burdens'. The burden here is the burden of language art, and the language here is the language that bears the burden of art ..., baggage, and laughter can be said to be the three elements of cross talk art, which are indispensable. " (Quoted from Ma Ji's Review of Quyi in Thirty Years (No.2, 1987).

Among the three elements he listed, language and laughter are also possessed by other crosstalk arts, and only the burden is unique to crosstalk art, and the burden is in the most important position in crosstalk art. Therefore, analyzing the content and form of baggage is the key to study the art of cross talk.

The word "Yu Bao" is a figurative word, in fact, it refers to a process of brewing and developing comedy contradictions in cross talk. The so-called "three turns and four shakes" is a commonly used structure in cross talk baggage. Among them, "three turns" refers to the repeated rendering and emphasis of contradictions and fantasies; "Four Shakes" refers to revealing the truth of contradictions after three turns.

The characteristic of comedy contradiction is to "cover up one's own essence with another illusion of essence" (quoted from the introduction on page 5 of the Complete Works of Marx and Engels), so there are many illusions in comedy contradiction. Illusion is actually a phenomenon, which is characterized by lifting water whose appearance is contrary to its essence. However, illusion profoundly reflects the essence in its unique way.

Therefore, the real comedy contradiction is unexpected and reasonable. In cross talk, the two sides of comedy contradiction-burden (phenomenon and essence, etc. ) are held by both sides, and contradictions are gradually exposed through dialogue. Comic techniques (such as exaggeration, misunderstanding, coincidence, etc.) ) widely used in all kinds of comedy art, not unique to cross talk.

However, when using these technologies, crosstalk has its own characteristics. For example, many dramas and movies use visual images to form misunderstandings (The Great Dictator and black tulip both have two cool-looking people), while crosstalk mostly relies on dialogue when using misunderstanding techniques.

For example, in "Changing careers", it is said that the artist Gong Yunfu changed careers to sell vegetables. He put the weight on his shoulder and touched it. It hurts! He remembered the title of "Meeting the Queen": "Oh, what a pain!" Hearing this, the old lady said, "Oh! Cucumber is bitter, no. "Obviously, this burden is a misunderstanding, which is caused by the dialogue between the characters. There can be no misunderstanding without both sides of the dialogue.

Sorting out the baggage through dialogue is the most widely used and important method in cross talk. This is true not only in the cross talk of "mother and daughter" type, but also in the cross talk of "one head" type.

Not only cross talk, but also stand-up cross talk. For example, in the stand-up comedy "Zhuyu Baiyutang", the burden of guaranteeing the bottom consists of the dialogue between Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and ministers. This kind of burden formed by dialogue can be seen everywhere in cross talk works, and the list is endless.

Dialogue is not only reflected in the organization method of baggage, but also in the application of various cross talk artistic means.

"Talking about learning to sing" is the four basic artistic means of cross talk. "Speaking" means telling jokes and tongue twisters, while "learning" means imitating the language of various vendors, singers and figures, as well as local operas. "Teasing" means teasing, and "singing" means singing Taiping lyrics. The use of these artistic means can only conform to the artistic law of cross talk creation if it is brought into the category of dialogue.

Extended data:

Development history:

Early development

The word cross talk is an ancient image sound, which originally meant to imitate others, also called cross talk next door. The folk rap art in North China further evolved and developed, which was formed by imitating folk art forms such as ventriloquism. It is generally believed that it was formed during Xianfeng and Tongzhi years in Qing Dynasty. A folk art form that makes the audience laugh by telling jokes or interesting questions and answers.

In the early years of the Republic of China, the image pronunciation gradually developed from a person imitating ventriloquism to stand-up crosstalk, and its name was changed to crosstalk. Later, it gradually developed into stand-up crosstalk, counterpart crosstalk and group crosstalk, and became a veritable crosstalk. After years of development, cross talk has finally become the most popular form of cross talk for the audience.

In the late Qing Dynasty, crosstalk formed its own modern characteristics and style. Mainly in Beijing dialect, there are also "dialect crosstalk" in various places.

In the process of the formation of cross talk, the advantages of art such as ventriloquism and storytelling were widely absorbed, and the truth, goodness and beauty were expressed by satirical jokes, which made people laugh. Take "speaking, learning, teasing and singing" as the main artistic means.