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First, the definition of interpersonal relationship

Interpersonal relationship refers to the psychological relationship and distance between people. Since the emergence of human society, people have a need for communication. Therefore, interpersonal relationship is the foundation and guarantee of survival and the foundation of the existence and development of human society. In other words, interpersonal communication links individuals with individuals and groups, forming an interactive, interactive and common development network system.

Second, the elements of interpersonal relationship

The essence of interpersonal relationship (communication) is a specific social phenomenon, which generally has the following elements.

Initiative of communication

In the process of communication, not one party dominates the other, but both parties are the main body of the activity. In our daily life, we often encounter such a situation. For example, if you go shopping on the street, although you can actively choose a certain brand of goods, the salesperson can also actively introduce you to the product information of related brands for you to choose. In other words, in the process of interpersonal communication, each party is an active subject, the difference is that its status is clear. The party in a secondary position, even if it doesn't passively accept information and react mechanically, is interested in understanding and analyzing the other party's information, giving feedback according to its own requirements, adjusting its words and deeds, and achieving the purpose of information exchange. For example, in the relationship between doctors and patients in the medical process, although doctors take the initiative to diagnose and prescribe drugs, patients are not passive. They can also report their illness to the doctor, who can adjust the diagnosis and treatment according to the patient's feedback.

Exchange and mutual benefit

Although the activities of a single individual may be closely related to the outside world, it cannot be called interpersonal communication. Interpersonal communication must be an interactive activity between two or more individuals. The information sent by one party will cause the psychological and behavioral reactions of the other party, and then become new information to act on the former. For example, a nurse said to a chronic patient, "You have more experience in this disease than I do, so you have to listen to your opinion." Patients will naturally respond positively after listening. Therefore, people are also influenced by others.

Restriction of communication

In interpersonal communication, the first condition is that the symbols used by both parties must be the same or the same, which is a necessary condition for communication. It can be a linguistic symbol or a non-linguistic symbol. If the symbols are different, you can make a lot of jokes. For example, when foreigners communicate with their own people, they must use the same or mutually understandable language or other symbols, otherwise it will easily lead to distortion and misunderstanding.

Third, the function of interpersonal communication.

The function of obtaining information

With the development of the times, information grows geometrically, and the knowledge and information that can be obtained directly from books are always limited, which requires people to exchange information directly in a more rapid way. If you surf the Internet on the computer, you can make friends, go shopping and so on. Today's society is an information society. Information is knowledge and information is wealth. Some people become millionaires because they get some information. And because of the lag of information, you fall behind, and even the enterprise goes bankrupt.

In today's nursing work, we need a lot of information, new knowledge and new skills to develop, update and grow our nursing career.

Function of mental health care

Communication between people is not only for information exchange, but also for psychological and emotional exchange. For example, in the process of communication, if both sides have the same understanding of a certain issue or a certain point of view, they will have emotional resonance, and the more they talk, the more speculative they will become, and they will become the objects of drawing strength and venting their emotions. Everyone has this experience in life. Sometimes, they meet friends who have endless topics, and they really know each other for a long time. Even if the other party's views are inconsistent, they will not blame or reject, but adopt an attitude of acceptance and tolerance. This shows that they are compatible with each other, psychologically close, and both sides will feel comfortable and happy. Therefore, the adaptation of people's mental health is essentially the adaptation of interpersonal relationships. On the contrary, mental illness is caused by the imbalance of interpersonal relationships. If we take a negative, negative and exclusive attitude towards each other, it will weaken interpersonal relationships and develop in an unfavorable direction, resulting in divisive emotions. If two people have conflicts and are unwilling to communicate. You don't like me, and I don't like you. There is a great psychological distance between us, which is prone to depression and loneliness. For example, disharmony between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, between husband and wife, and between parents and children will all produce psychological factors, which are harmful to physical and mental health. Therefore, as a nurse, we should adopt a positive, positive and accepting attitude in the process of communicating with patients.

The function of promoting the development of self-awareness

The power of example promotes people's growth. The development of self-awareness is achieved through communication. In the communication with others, there will be interest, motivation, ability, will and behavior to change yourself. People know their self-image from others' attitudes and evaluations of themselves, and the development of self-awareness tends to be objective, mature and perfect in constant communication.

Fourth, the factors affecting nurses' communication

make over

This word was first put forward by Professor Lipps in 1909. He defined empathy as the process of "emotional entry". In other words, empathy is to feel and understand other people's feelings from other people's perspective, and to share other people's feelings, instead of expressing my own feelings. In short, empathy is to observe the world from each other's perspective. In layman's terms-role transformation, we medical staff should stand in the position of patients or patients to understand and think. For example, some of the systems we are doing now are considered from the perspective of patients or from the perspective of our work.

Empathy can have a positive therapeutic effect on patients.

(1) First of all, empathy can reduce patients' sense of alienation and loneliness in difficult situations. When patients feel understood, they will feel that they still have the value of existence. In the process of interpersonal communication, people's greatest wish is to be understood. Once we misunderstand each other, we will have unpleasant emotions, even unable to eat or sleep well.

⑵ Empathy helps patients to feel that others care about them, and can make patients have a strong sense of self-acceptance. It is helpful for patients to adjust themselves in difficult situations.

⑶ Empathy can improve patients' self-control ability.

If the patient is anxious, nervous and pessimistic, our nurses will give support and encouragement and care about helping the patient. At this time, patients will try to control their emotions.

control

The second main communication variable is control. In every communication, control is essential, and it is an inherent component in interpersonal communication. As long as a person influences or is influenced by others, there is control. Does the patient have a sense of control over the disease? We can't just consider personal feelings, the so-called "personal control". We should also consider interpersonal or mutual feelings, the so-called "relationship control"

Personal control: it is a feeling that people have when they can control the influence of the environment on their lives. Personal control can increase people's sense of power over their actions and reduce their sense of powerlessness.

Classification: behavior control, cognitive control, information control and retrospective control.

Relationship control: It is considered as people's perception of their connection with others and the nature and development process that they can influence each other. This kind of control belongs to the relationship between people, not as a personal characteristic. Only through communication can there be effective interpersonal communication.

Classification: complementary relationship, symmetrical relationship and parallel relationship.

Application of control in nursing work

(1) Control from the patient's point of view.

No matter what disease the patient has, whether it is serious or not, he has lost personal control, which is a big obstacle for the patient. Patients are faced with the reality that they can't completely control their own destiny, have to move, and even need help from others in their personal lives. The disease makes the life of patients feel uncertain, and even the most basic physiological needs and safety needs of patients can't be controlled. So there is a sense of loss of control, so that patients have two consequences. Dependence: all depend on medical staff, and some things that they can handle are unwilling to do. Opposition: I think my illness is incurable, show anger, refuse all kinds of treatment, and treat things as opposites. At this time, as a medical staff (nursing staff), we should help patients deal with these problems according to their psychology and related situation.

Restore a sense of control:

To evaluate the causes and related factors of patients' sense of loss of control.

Take effective measures:

Let patients control themselves in self-management. For example, encourage caesarean section patients to get up and walk as soon as possible, and pay attention to personal hygiene as much as possible. For example, patients with fractures should exercise their limb functions as soon as possible after removing the plaster. When patients can't manage independently, let them take medical staff as participants.

⑵ Control from the point of view of nurses.

For medical staff (nurses), the important problem is not to get out of control, but to find an effective way to "control" with colleagues and patients. Relationship control is the primary problem for medical staff. By sharing control rights, individuals' sense of loss of control can be eliminated and interdependence can be realized.

trust

Including accepting others without comment. Individuals expect individuals to communicate according to others.

The application of trust in medical care

When there is trust in a relationship, it can play a positive role. Trust contributes to a sense of security and connection with the outside world. People feel that they are not alone, and there are people who care about him. Trust can create a supportive atmosphere in mutual relations, which can reduce defensive communication and enable people to express their attitudes, feelings and values more frankly and sincerely. In medical treatment, the first role-sense of security, is particularly important for patients; The second role-supportive atmosphere is particularly important for medical staff. As a medical staff, we should first care for and take care of patients, establish interpersonal relationships of mutual trust with patients, make various treatment and nursing measures go smoothly, and make patients recover as soon as possible.

self-betrayal

The characteristic of the variable of self-exposure is that any information about yourself can be communicated with others. It is defined as the process by which a person conveys personal information, thoughts and feelings to others. It includes several aspects.

(1) "Intention" means that an individual discloses his will to others.

People expose what they don't intend to expose, whether unconsciously or consciously.

⑵ "quantity" refers to the amount of information communicated with others.

People will reveal a lot of information to others in conversation, such as privacy, marital disharmony and so on. This shows a lot of self-exposure. Instead, I don't want to talk about my own situation, showing a small amount of self-exposure.

⑶ "Cost" refers to whether the content of self-disclosure is positive or negative.

Being positive means exposing your good side; Being negative means exposing your bad side.

(4) "Authenticity" refers to the accuracy of self-disclosure.

The degree of consistency between the exposed content and personal real thoughts and emotions will change. Some people are willing to tell their true feelings, while others find it difficult.