What is the English word for the air pressure unit Mpa?

1MPa=1000000 Pa

Pa is the unit of pressure, Pascal, the name of a scientist. Pascal was a famous French mathematician, physicist, philosopher and essayist.

Born on June 19, 1623 in the city of Clermont-Ferrand, Mont-de-Dome, France. Pascal had no formal schooling. His mother died of illness when he was 4 years old, and his father and two sisters, who were highly educated and served as government officials, were responsible for his education and training. His father was a respected mathematician. Under his careful education, Pascal became proficient in Euclid's geometry at a very young age. He independently discovered Euclid's first 32 theorems in perfect order. correct. After discovering "the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is equal to 180 degrees" alone at the age of 12, he began to learn mathematics from his father. In 1631, Pascal moved to Paris with his family. His father discovered that Pascal was very promising. When he was 16 years old, he took him to participate in the academic activities of the Paris Mathematicians and Physicists Group (the predecessor of the Paris Academy of Sciences, France), which opened his eyes. When he was 17 years old, Pascal wrote The article "Theory of Sections of Conics", which has a very high level of mathematics, was the result of his study of De Zalgue's classic work on synthetic projective geometry.

In 1641, Pascal moved to Rouen with his family. While helping his father with tax calculations from 1642 to 1644, Pascal invented the adding machine, the world's earliest calculator, now on display in a French museum. In 1610, he accepted religious teachings, but he was still committed to scientific experimental activities. Between 1653 and 1653, Pascal concentrated on research on vacuum and hydrostatics, and achieved a series of major results. Returned to Paris in 1647. He conducted a large number of experiments based on Torricelli's theory. The experiment in 1647 shocked the whole of Paris. He himself said: The fundamental guiding ideology of his experiments was to oppose the traditional concept that "nature abhors a vacuum". From 1647 to 1648, he published a paper on the vacuum problem. In 1648, Pascal conceived and conducted an experiment to measure atmospheric pressure at different altitudes in the same area, and discovered the law that atmospheric pressure increases as altitude decreases. In the past few years, Pascal continued to make new discoveries in experiments, and made many major inventions, such as the invention of the syringe, the hydraulic press, and the improvement of Torricelli's mercury barometer. From 1649 to 1651, Pascal and his collaborator Pierre (Perier) measured the changes in atmospheric pressure at the same location in detail and became a pioneer in using barometers for weather forecasting. In 1651, Pascal began to summarize his experimental results. In 1654, he wrote "Essays on Liquid Equilibrium and Air Weight", which was officially published in 1663. After that, Pascal turned to theological studies, and in 1655 he entered the theological center of Pitre. He started from skepticism and believed that both perceptual and rational knowledge were unreliable, and thus came to the conclusion that faith is above all else.

Before 1646, the Pascal family believed in Catholicism. Due to his father's illness, he came into contact with a more profound way of religious belief, which had a great impact on his future life. Pascal corresponded with the mathematician Fermat, and together they solved a problem sent by an upper-class gambler and amateur philosopher. He couldn't figure out why he always lost money when he bet on a certain combination of three dice. In the process of solving this problem, they laid the foundation of modern probability theory. He made many contributions during his short life, with the greatest contributions in mathematics and physics. In 1646, in order to test the theories of Italian physicists Galileo and Torricelli, he made a mercury barometer and repeatedly conducted atmospheric pressure experiments on the top of Clermont-Ferrand overlooking Paris, laying the foundation for fluid dynamics and The study of hydrostatics paved the way. In the experiment, in order to improve Torricelli's pneumatic juice, he invented a syringe based on Pascal's law and created a hydraulic press. His research and writings on vacuum problems further enhanced his reputation. He has been physically weak since he was a child and has been plagued by diseases due to overwork. However, it was during his illness leave from 1651 to 1654 that he intensively carried out scientific work and wrote many papers on liquid balance, the weight and density of air, and arithmetic triangles. The latter paper became the basis of probability theory. He also wrote many religious works between 1655 and 1659.

In his later years, someone suggested that he publish the results of his research on tricycles, so he immersed himself in scientific interests. However, from February 1659, his illness worsened, making him unable to work normally and contented himself with a pious religious life. . Finally, he passed away in great pain.

Pascal died on August 19, 1662, at the age of 39. In order to commemorate Pascal, later generations named the unit of pressure after him, referred to as "Pa".

Research Areas

Pascal’s achievements are manifold. His contributions to mathematics and physics occupy an extremely important position in the history of science.

Pascal's mathematical attainments are very profound. In addition to his outstanding contributions to probability theory and other aspects, the most outstanding one is the famous Pascal's theorem - which he proposed in "A Treatise on Conic Sections". Pascal's theorem is an important theorem of projective geometry, that is, "the line of intersection of the three pairs of sides of a conic inscribed in a hexagon".

In his algebra research, he published many papers on arithmetic series and binomial coefficients, and discovered the coefficient law of binomial expansion, which is the famous "Pascal's triangle". (called "Yang Hui's triangle" in our country), he and Fermat *** jointly established the basis of probability theory and combinatorial theory, and came up with a series of solutions to problems in probability theory. He studied the cycloid problem and derived general methods for finding the areas and centers of gravity of different curves. He calculated integrals of trigonometric functions and tangents, and was the first to introduce elliptic integrals.

Research Contributions

1. In 1639, he published an excellent mathematical paper "On Conic Sections"

2. He wrote the famous philosophical book "On Conic Sections" Thoughts"

3. Pascal discovered the law that atmospheric pressure increases with altitude. Not only did he repeat Torricelli's experiment, but he also verified his own reasoning: since atmospheric pressure is generated by the weight of the air, the liquid column in the glass tube should be shorter at higher altitudes.

4. "Letter to Foreigners"

5. In 1641, Pascal invented the adding machine

6. "A Treatise on Conic Sections"

p>

7. Discover Pascal's law (in fluid (gas or liquid) mechanics, it means that the pressure change that occurs in a certain part of a stationary fluid in a closed container will be transmitted to all parts of the fluid and the pressure of the container wall without any loss. It is equal to the force divided by the area of ??action. According to Pascal's principle, applying a certain pressure on one piston in a hydraulic system will produce the same pressure increase on the other piston if the area of ??the second piston is the first. 10 times the area of ??the piston, then the force acting on the second piston will be 10 times greater than the first piston, while the pressure on the two pistons will still be equal. The hydraulic press is an example of Pascal's principle. Uses, such as hydraulic braking, etc.

8. Pascal also discovered that the pressure at any point in a stationary fluid is equal in all directions, that is, the pressure at that point is equal on all planes passing through it. Also known as Pascal's principle (law).

An episode about physics

There is a joke: After death, scientists all go to heaven. One day, scientists play hide and seek. , it was Einstein's turn to catch someone. After he counted 100, he found Newton standing next to him and said: "Newton, I caught you."

"No, you didn't catch me." Newton."

"Who are you?" Einstein asked.

"What do you see under my feet?" Newton smiled slyly.

Einstein saw that under Newton's feet was a square wooden board with a side length of one meter.

"I stood on a square meter of wooden board, which is 'Newton/square meter', so what you caught is not." Newton, but 'Pascal'①"

After hearing this, Einstein called Pascal. After hearing this, Pascal smiled, bent down and picked up the board at Newton's feet and said to Einstein: " I am Pascal now, right?" After that, he threw the board out. "There are no square meters, now I am Newton."

① If you don't understand, see Pressure

Supplement

Pascal (Blaise), French mathematician, physicist, and founder of modern probability theory. He proposed a law about liquid pressure, which was later called Pascal's law. The principles of intuitionism established had an influence on some later philosophers, such as Rousseau and Bergson.

Pascal was born in Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne, France. Pascal had been superior in intelligence since he was a child. He fell in love with mathematics at the age of 12. His father was a respected mathematician. Under the local education, Pascal was proficient in Euclid's geometry at a very young age. He independently discovered the first 32 theorems of Euclid, and the order was completely correct. After discovering on his own that "the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is equal to 180 degrees" at the age of 12, he began to learn mathematics from his father. At the age of 16, he joined the Paris group of mathematicians and physicists (the predecessor of the French Academy of Sciences). At the age of 17, he wrote the article "Theory of Conic Sections" with a high level of mathematics. This was his study of De Zalgue's classic work on synthetic projective geometry. result. Descartes firmly did not believe that a 16-year-old child could write such a book, and Pascal in turn did not recognize the value of Descartes' analytic geometry. In 1642, when he was just 19 years old, he designed and manufactured the world's first mechanical calculation device - a computer that used gears to perform addition and subtraction operations. He originally wanted to help his father calculate taxes. This was in order to ease his father's calculations. It took a lot of effort to come up with it, but it became famous at the time. It became the prototype of later computers. After the adding machine was successfully developed, Pascal believed that some human thinking processes were no different from mechanical processes, so it was conceivable to use machines to simulate human thinking activities.

Before 1646, the Pascal family believed in Catholicism. Due to his father's illness, he came into contact with a more profound way of religious belief, which had a great impact on his future life. Pascal corresponded with the mathematician Fermat, and together they solved a problem sent by an upper-class gambler and amateur philosopher. He couldn't figure out why he always lost money when he bet on a certain combination of three dice. In the process of solving this problem, they laid the foundation of modern probability theory. He made many contributions during his short life, with the greatest contributions in mathematics and physics. In 1646, in order to test the theories of Italian physicists Galileo and Torricelli, he made a mercury barometer and repeatedly conducted atmospheric pressure experiments on the top of Clermont-Ferrand overlooking Paris, laying the foundation for fluid dynamics and The study of hydrostatics paved the way. In the experiment, in order to improve Torricelli's pneumatic juice, he invented a syringe based on Pascal's law and created a hydraulic press. His research and writings on vacuum problems further enhanced his reputation. He has been physically weak since he was a child and has been plagued by diseases due to overwork. However, it was during his illness leave from 1651 to 1654 that he intensively carried out scientific work and wrote many papers on liquid balance, the weight and density of air, and arithmetic triangles. The latter paper became the basis of probability theory. He also wrote many religious works between 1655 and 1659. In his later years, someone suggested that he publish the results of his research on tricycles, so he immersed himself in scientific interests. However, from February 1659, his illness worsened, making him unable to work normally and contented himself with a pious religious life. . Finally, he passed away in great pain.

Pascal's law is in fluid (gas or liquid) mechanics, which means that a pressure change that occurs in a certain part of a stationary fluid in a closed container will be transmitted to all parts of the fluid and the container wall without loss. Pascal first formulated this law. Pressure is equal to the force divided by the area of ??action. According to Pascal's principle, applying a certain pressure on one piston in a hydraulic system will inevitably produce the same pressure increase on the other piston. If the area of ??the second piston is 10 times the area of ??the first piston, then the force acting on the second piston will increase to 10 times the area of ??the first piston, while the pressure on both pistons will still be equal. A hydraulic press is an example of Pascal's principle. It has multiple uses such as hydraulic braking, etc. Pascal also discovered that the pressure at any point in a stationary fluid is equal in all directions, that is, the pressure at that point is equal on all planes passing through it. This fact is also known as Pascal's principle (law).

Pascal's contributions to mathematics are also outstanding. In 1639, he proposed a theorem in an excellent mathematical paper "On Conic Sections", which later generations called Pascal's theorem. He also proposed the famous Pascal's triangle and clarified the coefficient rules of binomial expansion in algebra. The mathematician De Zerg admired Pascal's talent very much, named this curve "Pascal's mysterious hexagon", and personally served as Pascal's teacher.

In his famous philosophical work "Thoughts", Pascal left a famous saying to the world: "Man is just a reed, the most fragile thing in nature, but he is a thoughtful reed." Reed." The scientific community remembers Pascal's achievements. The International System of Units stipulates that the unit of "pressure" is "Pascal" because he was the first to propose "Pascal's law" to describe the properties of liquid pressure. The computer field will not forget Pascal's contribution. The PASCAL language, which was launched in 1971, is also to commemorate this pioneer and keep Pascal's reputation in the computer age.

Unit of pressure. When the pressure on an object per square meter is 1 Newton, the pressure is 1 Pascal. The name of this unit is in honor of French scientist BLAISE PASCAL. Referred to as Pa.