After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, why didn't the Republic of China lose more than 6,543.8 billion yuan in compensation?

After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, why didn't the Republic of China lose 500 million reparations? China people are honest.

Friends who are familiar with modern history know that in modern China, it is unfortunate to come into contact with such a prodigal son as the Qing Dynasty. From 1840 to191year and 7 1 year, more than 30 unequal treaties were actually signed, and the terms of the unequal treaties were basically the same, such as land cession, compensation and mining. Among them, compensation is definitely a measure to suck the last drop of blood of everyone in China. Fundamentally speaking, the widespread poverty and bankruptcy since the late Qing Dynasty is due to the fact that the governments of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China have been paying reparations, and there is no finance at all for developing the economy and improving people's livelihood.

So, here comes a question. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, even the government of the Republic of China changed dynasties many times. Why not lose those reparations to the big powers? Instead, you have been losing money?

Don't think this is a fantasy. In world history, the government declared bankruptcy, not a little, but many! Far away is the Bourbon dynasty in France, which went bankrupt several times when it was idle. Bankruptcy due to currency issue loss! The royal family is profligate and ruined! Those bosses bought French government bonds and finally found that they were all waste paper! Nearby is the local government of the United States. For example, Orange County 1994 in California went bankrupt due to investment failure, and Milport, Alabama went bankrupt in 2005 due to factory closure. Jefferson County, Alabama, went bankrupt in 2008 because its financial liabilities were as high as $3.2 billion.

The U.S. government is now in debt of 23 trillion dollars, but the annual federal income is only 1 trillion dollars, which is enough to pay interest. With a fiscal deficit of tens of millions every year, the United States will go bankrupt sooner or later.

When people die, everything stops. Wenzhou boss owes a debt, and he doesn't have to pay it back when he jumps off a building. When an enterprise goes bankrupt, it doesn't have to pay its debts, and neither does the government. If one day, the United States federal announced the case, those who buy US Treasury bonds have nowhere to cry.

So to some extent, changing the dynasty is definitely a good time to rely entirely on foreign debt. But why didn't successive governments of the Republic of China do this?

Let's see how much money the Qing government borrowed first.

Needless to say, those small reparations that are less than 100 million taels, the principal amount lost in the Sino-Japanese War and the Boxer War is 250 million plus 450 million, which is 700 million taels. If interest is added, this figure is absolutely equal to 65.438+500 million taels of silver. What is this concept?

In the late Qing dynasty, the government's fiscal revenue increased greatly, with an annual income of 1 billion yuan. Only in 15 can you afford this money without eating or drinking. The most important thing is that the powers will not be in a hurry for money, but will control China's economy through loans. Kaiping Coal Mine and Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, large-scale official enterprise, have become foreign-funded enterprises in a muddle.

At the beginning of Jiaqing's destruction of small Shenyang, the property of small Shenyang was equivalent to 15 fiscal revenue. If someone can catch such a big tiger in the late Qing dynasty, the money to pay off debts depends on this. However, big tigers are everywhere, but no one dares to catch them. Sheng Xuanhuai and Yi Kuang are both big tigers, and Yuan Shikai dare not fight, or he is too familiar to fight.

The foreign debt of 654.38+0.5 billion taels of silver was unbearable even for the United States, which had the largest economic aggregate at that time. At that time, the GDP of the United States was $20 billion, and one dollar could be exchanged for one or two silver. Therefore, the federal and state taxes in the United States can only be repaid after they are fully repaid.

Successive governments of the Republic of China in order not to directly default?

How was the Republic of China established? How did it perish in the Qing Dynasty? The mainstream view is that the Revolutionary League of 1911 was founded in the Republic of China, but from an economic point of view, the establishment of the Republic of China was actually the result of Yuan Shikai sending an empty-handed white wolf to Beiyang.

Beiyang faction has the military power of tens of thousands of elite soldiers and the support of the great powers, but they have no political power, so Yuan Shikai intends to spend money to buy the whole political power. Yuan Shikai spent four million silver dollars, which is a business that must be compensated!

Why is this deal bound to lose? Because the abacus of Empress Yulong is excellent, it is impossible for the Qing Dynasty to provide so much money to the royal family every year, even if it has always existed. Instead of scrimping and saving for a few years and finally dying, it is better to sell it while someone takes over.

For the Jade Dragon Queen, the Qing Dynasty was an insolvent zombie enterprise, and the royal family would not save much money. I don't earn much money every year, and the money left for the royal family is simply not enough to spend! For Yuan Shikai, he is confident that the Qing Dynasty will turn losses into profits!

Yuan Shikai's method of turning this zombie enterprise of Qing Dynasty into a profit is simple? Borrow money!

Since you want to borrow money, whether it is a big loan from the five countries or a big loan from the aftermath, you can't avoid these original creditors. Therefore, old debts should be paid back, and new debts should be mortgaged!

Therefore, Yuan Shikai has absolutely no chance to default on the loan. If he defaults on the loan, he will lose the support of foreign powers at the first time, and even the 4 million silver dollars supporting the Qing royal family will not be issued. The military expenditure to support the Beiyang Army stopped, and all of them directly mutinied.

Even if Yuan Shikai wanted to breach the contract, the powers would not give him this opportunity.

When the authorities borrow money, there is actually a mortgage! Not to mention breach of contract, even if the money is not paid, the powers will immediately send troops to take collateral, which may be high-profit government departments such as government enterprises, railway factories and mines, customs and tax bureaus.

Most importantly, if Yuan Shikai really intends to breach the contract, then there must be a war waiting for him. Duan, chief of staff of the army, reported that if China and Japan go to war, the Japanese army will not last for 48 hours at most. Later, Sun Yat-sen boasted that he could last 10 days, and Chiang Kai-shek even boasted that he could last for three months.

Therefore, every government in modern China, whether it is the Beiyang government of the old warlord or the Kuomintang government of the new warlord, whether it is Duan and Zhang attached to Japan, Cao Kun and Chiang Kai-shek attached to Britain and the United States, or Yuan Shikai, a cunning rabbit who lives in three caves and one cave, did not dare to fight with a shotgun, let alone mention his bankruptcy. Therefore, what successive governments of the Republic of China can do is to keep looking for ordinary people to pay their debts and support the warlords' scuffle.

The funniest thing is that even if the two sides fight, the compensation never stops. A typical example is that 13, during the Shanghai Battle in August, 1937, the National Government actually continued to pay boxer indemnity 32,824 yuan on August 3 1 day. After the incident was exposed, Kong Xiangxi, the finance minister of the Kuomintang government, and Stanley Ho, the director of the General Administration of Customs and Taxation, announced that they would not pay boxer indemnity to Japan!

Although it publicly announced that it would not pay back the money, the Kuomintang did not have the courage to breach the contract with the enemy. Money is not given to Japan, but be prepared to give it at any time. This is the highest instruction of the Committee! Therefore, during September of1937, the General Administration of Customs and Taxation has been opening a "Japan G Payment Special Account" with HSBC. 16 months has been transferred to this account every month, reaching 525,000 pounds by the end of 1938.

Even in the most difficult years in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang government never intended to stop reparations and loans for shotguns. It was not until 1943 that the great powers such as Britain and the United States took the initiative to abolish the unequal treaties and stop all reparations.

The indemnity in the treaty stopped at 1943, but all kinds of loans derived from indemnity never stopped. During the period of 1949, the economy of Kuomintang-controlled areas completely collapsed, and all legal tender and gold certificates became waste paper. The national government lost its motivation, but never forgot to pay back the money of the great powers. 65438+ On June 4th, this year 10, the National Government also issued "The Public Debt Department of the Ministry of Finance should negotiate with creditors to pay interest on foreign debts first" to discuss how to compensate foreign debts. Finally ran to Taiwan Province Province, did you continue to pay compensation? Then expect more files to be decrypted.

I can only use two words to sum up the traitorous behavior of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China: the Qing Dynasty is "I have to pay the price when I am far away" and the Republic of China is "I have to pay the price when I die!" Nobody laughs at anyone.