What kind of psychological shadow did Vietnamese women have on American soldiers during the 20-year Vietnam War?

After World War II, the idea that the United States wanted to dominate the world became stronger and stronger. So he interfered in other countries' government affairs everywhere and provoked troubles. This is how the Vietnam War was triggered. In this battle, the United States suffered heavy losses, losing hundreds of billions of dollars and tens of thousands of soldiers. And didn't get any benefit from it. For the United States, this is a doomed battle.

After World War I, the US military also knew something about Vietnam. The US military describes the Vietnamese like this: "Vietnamese men are not terrible, but women are the most terrible. They have knives. "

1963 paramilitary volunteer female soldier who graduated from a military school in Saigon. President Ho Chi Minh, then chairman of the North Vietnamese Production Party, made it clear that he hoped women would mobilize and fight for national reunification. )

Many people joined the Vietnamese People's Army and went to the front to nurse and fight. Some people have joined Vietnam, including a large number of women. They are located behind enemy lines in southern Vietnam and are responsible for destruction and underground tunnel work.

Why did a large number of Vietnamese women fight in the war? From 1945 to 1975, Vietnamese rural women fought side by side with male colleagues of the Viet Nam Union and the North Vietnamese military, and fought against the South Vietnamese government, France and American allies. These women can go to war because they are actually wives and mothers of soldiers, or daughters and sisters of soldiers. Years of war forced these women to learn skills such as shooting weapons and traps. Some women who are not good at this field go to the countryside to work as intelligence personnel and patrol police, while others help to do some trivial things to ensure the smooth supply line.

The brave and fearless women in the Vietnam War are very powerful in the history books. They are not at a disadvantage on the battlefield because of their weak physical fitness. These Vietnamese female soldiers even shocked American soldiers. Vietnamese female soldiers often carry knives, so don't underestimate this weapon. They perfectly used the role of knives to kill all sides on the battlefield. They usually also train how to use a knife to cause fatal damage to the enemy. Professional assassination techniques made them successful on the battlefield, and even the US military dared not talk about Vietnamese female soldiers.

Vietnamese female soldiers are famous because as long as the Vietnamese people fight against foreign enemies, women are an important part of this struggle. It is said that the action to defeat the French in Vietnam involved hundreds of thousands of women, and many names on the Vietnamese army roster were women. These women listen to an old national proverb: "When war comes, even women must fight.". )

The difference between ideal and reality: the United States was deeply involved in the Vietnam War.

The heavy price of the Vietnam war

As we all know, there are few failed battles in the history of American war, and the United States has always been in a leading position in the military field in the world. However, in this way, the powerful United States was losing ground in the Vietnam War from 1954 to 1975.

The outbreak of the Vietnam War was not temporary, but accumulated over time. At that time, Vietnam wanted to declare war with the South Vietnamese government and its ally the United States. The conflict of interest behind this war is very complicated. This war was defined by the Vietnamese people as the Vietnam War to Resist American Aggression and Save the Nation.

(Vietnam War is the longest war in American history, and the United States spent at least $250 billion. Although the United States has not failed militarily, it shows that the cold war strategy of the United States has made a major mistake. The Vietnam War greatly changed the situation of the Cold War. )

Why did the Vietnam War suddenly break out? The fuse behind it was actually in 1954, when North Vietnam dismissed the idea of French colonial rule over Vietnam. North Vietnam is eager for Vietnam to achieve national reunification as it did under the capitalist regimes of the Soviet Union and China, but the South Vietnamese government doesn't think so. They prefer to be closely integrated with western countries.

1969, the United States sent more than 500,000 American troops to Vietnam, and American military advisers also brought a large number of combat troops to advise on operational command. At that time, China and the Soviet Union provided a large number of weapons, materials and consultants to North Vietnam. Under the favorable conditions such as the correct political guidance in the north, the campaign ended in the failure of the United States and South Vietnam. This war has suffered heavy losses for the United States, which can't afford either the cost of the war or the number of casualties. 1973, American combat troops withdrew from the campaign.

1975, South Vietnam surrendered under the fierce attack of North Vietnam.

This war made South Vietnam and the United States pay a heavy price. Later, according to the casualty data released by the Vietnamese government, the number of civilians reached more than 2 million, and it was estimated that the number of soldiers on both sides of Vietnam was 165438+ 10,000. This displayed data is simply shocking, and the losses caused by the war are far from what we can imagine. 1982, Washington, USA, built a monument about the soldiers killed in the Vietnam War. This monument is engraved with the names of 57939 soldiers who died in the war.

(As of 20 18 65438+ 10/5, the whereabouts of 1 60 1 American soldiers who fought in the Vietnam War are unknown. )

In fact, the real casualties are far more than these. In the following years, the number of victims on the list increased a lot, and the total number of victims reached 58,200. These soldiers are not all American troops, but there are many Canadians. According to incomplete statistics, other countries involved in the Vietnam War also suffered a certain number of casualties. More than 4,000 people died in South Korea, about 30 in New Zealand, 350 in Thailand and more than 500 in Australia. This is the terrible thing about war.

L American firepower went up in smoke

South Vietnam's support for its ally, the United States, did not stop because of the Vietnam War, and even intensified. 1964+0 1 During the period from the Beibu Gulf resolution to the US presidential election in June, the political situation in Vietnam was not optimistic. People headed by Johnson began to plot revenge against North Vietnam. In this way, they want to overwhelm the momentum of North Vietnam and establish the dominant position of South Vietnam, and this achievement can be explained to the United States.

The action planned by South Vietnam is actually not good for Vietnam as a whole. They don't know that this will only weaken North Vietnam's ability to provide materials and military power to South Vietnam in the military field. Deputy Secretary of State George Bauer, the President, all his aides and major military advisers agree, but they still have many differences on how to bomb. The military believes that we should make a quick decision and attack the end in one fell swoop, which will directly weaken North Vietnam's military war capability. However, national security adviser McGeorge· Band-Aid and Assistant Secretary of Defense john mcnaughton disagreed. He felt that the air raid should be gradual, and the attack should be gradual until the enemy retreated.

In this case, both Bauer and Vice President Hubert Humphrey advised the President not to carry out large-scale bombing. The consequences of this will only make the country fall into a more embarrassing situation. Domestic political problems are bound to get worse. But Johnson didn't listen at all. He just wants to act quickly to stop the landslide in Saigon. Then in mid-February, the United States took private action and carried out continuous air strikes against North Vietnam.

The American high-altitude bomber Boeing B-52 dropped a bomb in Vietnam. The total tonnage of bombs dropped by the United States in North Vietnam exceeded the total tonnage of bombs exploded by Germany, Italy and Japan during World War II. )

The plan of the United States is to attack the strongest enemy with huge and fierce firepower in the Woods and mountains far away from densely populated areas. With the help and support of the United States, the South Vietnamese army can concentrate on dealing with Vietnamese personnel. In this operation, Vietnamese and North Vietnamese personnel will inevitably suffer heavy losses and be at a loss. Finally, they will explore a mutually beneficial solution at the negotiating table.

(1965165438+10 During the Vietnam War in October, the US Marines waded in the swamp. )

From 1966 to 1967, the front line continued to lengthen. At that time, the American people couldn't hold back, because the number of American casualties had been increasing during the war, and the people were not very clear about the situation, just a little confused. However, Washington claimed that the battle was about to win.

Vietnam has been greatly weakened after the war. Although in this battle, people saw the powerful strength of the Vietnamese army. A large number of urban buildings were destroyed by bomb weapons, rural towns were damaged in a large area, and a series of industries such as industry, commerce and agriculture of the country suffered considerable damage. It's not easy to go back to the way it was before. On the other hand, the United States failed and its morale was greatly reduced. The United States had to order its withdrawal from Vietnam, but it didn't want to. The relationship between the United States and Vietnam has been deadlocked until 1995, and the United States announced the resumption of diplomatic relations with Vietnam.

1in June, 966, when the United States conducted a search and destruction patrol in Fuhoity province in southern Vietnam. )

Vietnamese women fighting for the motherland

L tough Vietnamese female soldiers

In the whole social and historical process. People disapprove of women's behavior on the battlefield. They only accept women to engage in war-related logistics such as medical care, materials and housekeeping. Since ancient times, women's ability to participate in the war has been questioned because of social, cultural, physical and other factors.

During the Vietnam War, arrogant American soldiers broke into a cold sweat at the mention of Vietnamese female soldiers, which was unimaginable. Why are American soldiers afraid of the most difficult female soldier in this war? Because countless Vietnamese women take up guns to defend their country because they are homeless, they are sometimes braver than male soldiers. )

The same is true in the United States, and they are even more advocates of male chauvinism. In their minds, the inherent impression of women is tenderness and weakness. Bloody fighting on the battlefield is not suitable for women, and women have no certain ability to go into battle to kill the enemy. Therefore, women can be seen in large-scale battles in history, but not on the battlefield, but in logistics and medical forces. But Vietnamese women are not like this. Instead of doing behind-the-scenes work on the battlefield, they rushed directly to the front line and killed the enemy bravely. In the war, they rolled up their trouser legs and wore hats on their backs.

Women in southern Vietnam collect tin roofs from the ruins of houses in villages. Women don't have to join the army and risk their lives. Most women work voluntarily or in an unofficial capacity. These are young women aged 15, 16 and 17. They are not in the army, so they don't wear military uniforms, and they don't have the benefits of retiring after the war. )

Vietnamese female soldiers appeared on the battlefield as ordinary agricultural women, and they didn't even have any expression. It is this image that makes people look weak that makes the enemy relax his vigilance and think he is a helpless farmer. In fact, once relaxed, Vietnamese female soldiers will kill the enemy with daggers and bombs hidden in their bodies. Vietnamese female soldiers are not weak and gentle women in traditional society, but they are always ruthless.

Ruan was born in 19 18 and lived in an area in Ho Chi Minh City in the south. She was a resistance force in the war against French occupation, which was defeated in 1954. Her duty is to provide food and shelter for those who struggle for it. The country got rid of the rule of France. She lost two sons in the conflict with America. She is one of 50,000 Vietnamese women who have been commended for their lives. )

When the Vietnam War just broke out, Americans didn't understand Vietnamese women. They thought they were just weak women trampled by others. At that time, American soldiers drove by and met several Vietnamese women. The United States saw that it was a flower girl and did not refuse. Vietnamese women took advantage of the fact that American soldiers were not paying attention, took out daggers and killed several of them in succession, and also attacked soldiers with bombs.

When it comes to attacking, this is what Vietnamese women are good at. Women are petite and easy to hide in the Woods. Vietnamese women took advantage of the enemy's rest, hid in it, waited for an opportunity, and suddenly jumped out and killed the soldiers.

These female soldiers are no worse than male soldiers on the battlefield. They are good at using female identity to hide themselves and confuse the US military. This tactic is also often used in future wars. In the photo, there is a thin Vietnamese female soldier and the American soldier she captured. There is a big difference between the two men's figures. )

These Vietnamese women are not so-called soldiers, but more like assassins. They never wear military uniforms, and they dress like ordinary people all the year round. I don't see anything special. They pretended to be farmers and carried a vegetable basket with many daggers and bombs in it. Often by surprise, the enemy's life is shot. Therefore, American soldiers are particularly afraid of Vietnamese women, because they have already stumbled a lot.

Lynn Norvik, an American filmmaker who made a documentary about the Vietnam War, once said, "One of the inspirations to start this project is the women on the front line in North Vietnam. I met a group of women driving trucks on Ho Chi Minh Trail. Moreover, this is a combative job, just like driving a truck in Iraq is a combative job because they are caught in a sea of fire. "

(Ngo Tian 197 1 Volunteer to join the Vietnamese People's Army, then a primary school teacher, and finally joined the 559 Brigade as a nurse. She said: "Everyone should join the army to fight against America. Sometimes, too many people are injured, which will affect my thinking. " However, she feels lucky because her son is not affected by the use of chemical weapons in the United States, because many of her friends have children with congenital defects. )

Norrvik also said:

"The military decided that they would recruit women who used to be young volunteers to do this job, so as to motivate men who lost their morale in this particularly difficult battle. They put women on trucks and drove back and forth on Ho Chi Minh Trail, basically to show them that if women can do it, then you can stick to it. These women are proud and strong for their service. "

According to the statistics of Vietnam Women's Foundation, there are about 1 1000 Vietnamese women engaged in such activities in Vietnam. They are volunteers, not so-called soldiers. They volunteered to help the country during the war. Of course, these Vietnamese women are not inexperienced. Most of them have received some training. They work as truck drivers, smuggle goods and equipment across the border, and volunteer in the Red Cross and Catholic Relief Agency. They always take an active part in various activities and serve the country.

Ruan Shitian (right) went through the war with her husband, who is also a veteran. When she joined the battle, she was still in middle school, which was caused by bombing her village. She said: "They attacked farmers and villagers were killed. I saw that the bomb blew up everything, which made me very angry. " She is responsible for transporting fuel through pipelines in the desolate jungle of Tongshun Mountain. "We always have some threats: enemies, diseases and dangerous animals. Our hair is falling off because of malaria, and we don't have enough food to eat. But the power of thought becomes the power of body. We will never give up. " )

L Vietnamese women's activities have a long history.

1935 the women's Federation was established, and a large number of Vietnamese women gathered to engage in different women's association activities. In order to better promote the struggle against colonialism, the harmonious situation between capitalism and women's autonomy. Until 1975, Vietnam achieved national reunification. Over the years, Vietnamese women's activities have mainly focused on these three elements, namely people, sovereignty and cultural heritage.

Why are Vietnamese women so fierce in the war? These are inseparable from the role they play behind the scenes. They play the role of wives, mothers and daughters, and have the determination and obligation to protect their families and children. At the same time, they also have the mission of defending the country. These spiritual forces support them to go to the battlefield, bravely kill the enemy, and do what Vietnamese men can do, even many things they can't do.

(These militiamen are civilians at ordinary times. They farm and work at home every day. They can always pick up guns and grenades to attack the American army when they need to fight. This makes it difficult for the US military to judge whether the other side is a civilian or an enemy in combat. Finally, whenever they see someone in the war zone, they will open fire on them, causing a large number of civilian casualties. )

Before, Vietnamese women used to do some behind-the-scenes things for people and front-line husbands, such as feeding and dressing. They take care of men in these activities in order to give men better physical strength to fight. Therefore, the performance of men on the battlefield can not be separated from the care of women behind them.

1954, the Geneva conference was held and the Indian War ended. Later, the territory of Vietnam was divided into two regions, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the north and the Republic of South Vietnam in the south. 1955, Vietnam and the United States began to mobilize confrontation after the outbreak of armed conflict. At this time, Vietnamese women set up an association similar to the local Committee of the female student movement. These women have diverse identities, mostly journalists, students, lawyers, teachers and so on. During the most famous Saigon Movement in history, they set up hundreds of local women's federations committees and many associations, including "Women's Committee for Peace and Dignity" and "Vietnamese Women's Requirements for Life".

After the conflict of 1 1 year,1March 22, 965, the annual general meeting of the Women's Federation launched the "Three Responsibilities Movement" conference, reorganized the activities of Vietnamese women and set a brand-new goal. Ho Chi Minh was there when it started. Ho Chi Minh told the conference that Vietnamese women are brave, unyielding, loyal and responsible.

Young guerrillas wear grenades on their belts, and many of these guerrillas are teenage girls. When they met an American patrol of several people or an American soldier, they drew their guns and attacked. When they met a large army, they hid in the crowd. It is impossible for American troops to search every Vietnamese they meet. A second's hesitation in battle is the difference between life and death. )

The first point of the three responsibilities mentioned in the three responsibilities movement conference is to fight against the enemy (perform support functions or fight at the front line), and also encourage men with families to fight together. The second point is to engage in agricultural or industrial production. The third point is to continue to provide care for families, support the elderly, educate children and support family members.

According to relevant records, about 6,543,800+700,000 Vietnamese women attended three meetings of the Responsibility Movement. And with the development of social history and the changes of the times, the top of the three responsibilities has become more and more popular, and Vietnamese women have gradually become a part of the people's army. There was also a women's movement during this period, with more than 60,000 women participating. This movement is anti-American youth volunteers. Its main tasks are to provide medical services, be responsible for communication between troops, build roads after air strikes, and drive trucks to transport soldiers and weapons and equipment.

(Vietnam paid a heavy price for independence. The Vietnam War caused more than 65,438+600,000 deaths in Vietnam, and more than 65,438+600,000 refugees in China were displaced. The 30-year war, including the French-Vietnamese war, killed 5 million civilians. By the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, the war left 1 10,000 widows and 200,000 disabled people in Vietnam, and the US military left a large number of mixed-race children in Vietnam. )

Behind the Vietnam War was such a powerful women's United Association, which provided various services for this campaign. After 1968, Vietnamese women were unwilling to appear in the front line to kill the enemy. Many wars can be won without their support and efforts. 1968 in April and May, so it is called "women's spring" by Vietnamese.

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The outstanding contribution of Vietnamese women is amazing. Throughout history, activities about Vietnamese women have existed for many years. They have subverted our understanding of traditional women. Although he is not a soldier, he has not experienced unified militarized management. However, they have long-term experience in serving various support activities, smart minds and decisive fighting will. They became the bright eyes on the battlefield.

Figure | Vietnamese female soldier

Vietnamese women's tactics are varied, including sudden attack in the field, hidden ambush, luring the enemy and then attacking, which makes the enemy unprepared and impossible to prevent. Vietnamese women are strong-willed, not afraid of sacrifice, and fight back against American soldiers again and again. It was because they worked so hard for their country and defended it to the death, and with the full support of China and the Soviet Union at that time, the American plot to invade Vietnam failed.