The Folk Connotation of Hakka Menbian Custom in Shangyou

Entering Shangyou County, every household here has exquisite and unique plaques and frames painted on their foreheads. There are four big characters written on the plaque frame, which are dazzling and shining. This is the "Shangyou Hakka Menbian" which was listed as "intangible cultural heritage" by Jiangxi Provincial People's Government in June 2006. As the saying goes, "Hakka door plaque" is a unique custom in Upper Judea. Enter the village of Upper Judea without asking passers-by. Just look at the plaque in the village and you will know how many surnames there are in the village, where they migrated and whose descendants they are. So, where is the secret? The secret is in the inscription on the plaque.

Although there are four words in the inscription on the door plaque, most of them just need to look at the first two words. Examples are as follows:

First, take the surname source as the inscription. Such as "Family Style Version" (Fu surname).

"Bambusa" stands for the surname Fu. According to historical records, the Prime Minister of Wuding in Shang Dynasty (about BC 1335- 1246) was originally a slave engaged in "plate building". (Slab building is to build a wall with two wooden boards sandwiched between soil, add some wheat straw to the soil and pound it with a pestle to make it firmly bonded, and then heighten it layer by layer, that is, to form a thick soil wall, similar to our soil wall in southern Jiangxi. ) Before Wu Ding took office, he traveled among the people and met a slave who worked as a "banlou" on a construction site. This slave is full of ideas and opinions. Wu Ding learned a lot from him and forged a deep friendship with him. Wu Ding once said, "If I can be king one day, I will appoint you as Prime Minister." Later, Wu Ding really became king. In order to recommend the "squad leader" slave to help govern the country, Wu Ding called a court painter, drew the head of the "squad leader" slave through the method of "Wang Meng", and let people find this slave in this place east of Pinglu, Shanxi Province, and really made him a prime minister. After the "squad leader" slave came to power, he put forward his ideas of "building the country and making its capital, being honest in politics, punishing chaos and evil" and "helping to cure flowers, fearing the sky and protecting the people, and achieving positive results." His political proposition is to return the disorderly officials and bad things that do not work to the DPRK one by one, and then expand land cultivation, widely plant crops, vigorously develop poultry and livestock breeding and agriculture, and also vigorously develop smelting and ceramic industries to find new economic growth points. Later, the Yin merchants quickly changed from weak to strong, forming a good situation in which the country was rich and the people were safe. Because he found the slave of the squad leader in his place, Wu Ding changed his surname to Fu, calling him Fu, and his descendants named him Fu.

2. Inscription with "County Name". Such as "Taiyuan heirloom" (Wang Xing).

"Taiyuan" was the county name in Qin and Han Dynasties. Taiyuan County is located in Jinyang, which is now southwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. Wang Xing is one of the main families in Taiyuan County in history, and the inscription "Taiyuan" represents Wang Xing. The so-called county is the ancient administrative region. For example, China was divided into 36 counties in the early Qin Dynasty, and China was divided into 103 counties in the early Western Han Dynasty. Historically, every surname has been well-known in at least one county, and this county name will be used to represent the surname when the surname is written on the plaque. This kind of inscription still accounts for a large proportion in the world.

Third, take the surname and hall number as the inscription. Such as "Bauhinia scattered to the fragrance" (Tian surname).

"Bauhinia" is the Tang name of Tian, which comes from the story of the separation of Tian's three brothers. There were three brothers in the Sui Dynasty, Tian Zhen, Ching Tien and Tian Guang. Since the three brothers got married, they decided to split up and divide their property into three parts. I'm also going to cut the bauhinia tree full of flowers in the yard into three pieces. The next day, the originally lush and high bauhinia tree withered and carved all night. The three brothers were shocked to see this situation. At this time, they began to repent bitterly: "Why is brotherhood so separated?" Even the tree feels sad, cries for it and doesn't want to live any more. "My brother said solemnly," Trees are connected. It is because I heard that they will be cut into three parts that I am so sad. We are not even as good as trees! " He said, "why can't we continue our old life?" Three people are United, and their profits are broken. We share the same fate. If we want to revive our family business, we must work together, live in harmony and unite as one. "So they burned the separation contract together in front of Bauhinia and decided to continue to help each other in the same boat and run a happy life together. On the third day, the sun climbed the branch early, and my brother opened the window and was surprised to find that the leaves of Bauhinia were green again. " From then on, the two brothers became more friendly, supported and helped each other, and never talked about separation again. The beautiful bauhinia blooms as before.

Four. Inscriptions by celebrities to their ancestors.

1, engraved with the names and numbers of ancestors. Such as "Ziyang Shize" (Zhu surname).

Ziyang is another name of Zhu, a famous philosopher, thinker, poet, educator and writer in the Southern Song Dynasty.

2. The inscription is based on ancestral seclusion. Such as "Fuchun Liu Fang" (Yan surname).

Yan Ziling was born in Yuyao in the Eastern Han Dynasty. When I was young, Liu Xiu and I were classmates. Later, when Liu Xiu became emperor, he sent someone to look for Yan Ziling to be an official. Yan Ziling refused three times in a row and replied, "Scholars have their own interests. Why do you have to force me to enter the official career? " In order to avoid any trouble in the imperial court, he simply took his family and moved to the Fuchun River in Tonglu to farm and fish.

3. Take the official position of ancestors as the inscription. Such as "Four Books" (Yu, etc. )

During the Northern Song Dynasty, Yu Jin, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Su and Cai Xiang served as "four remonstrances". Yu Jing actively put forward various suggestions and advocated changing the old law that relied entirely on "ancestral stories." On the contrary, such suggestions as recruiting talented people, eliminating redundant soldiers, redundant officials, generous taxation, generous farming and mulberry planting, saving the Buddha and saving the country. It involves many aspects, such as personnel, governing the people, border defense, criminal law, rent and tax, and preventing thieves. All these provided theoretical basis and public opinion preparation for Fan Zhongyan and others to carry out the reform measures of "Qingli New Deal", and Yu himself was also an active participant in the "Qingli New Deal".

4. Inscription on ancestral temple. Such as "the emblem of the East View" (Huang surname)

Huang Xiang of the Eastern Han Dynasty became a doctor for the first time after becoming an official. Emperor Zhang Han summoned him and asked him to enter Dongguan (National Library) to read all the royal books. Later, he became a businessman and was promoted to the left prime minister.

5. Take the legend of our ancestors as the inscription. Such as "six seals are auspicious" (Ling surname).

Lingce in the Northern Song Dynasty was a scholar during the reign of Emperor Yongxi. Legend has it that when he first ascended the throne, he dreamed that someone had given him six seals and a sword. Later, I went to Jianwai six times (there is a sword gate in northern Sichuan, and the central part of Guannan is called "Jianwai". ), as an official, has made achievements everywhere. Assistant minister of industry.

6. Inscription with the cultivation of ancestors. Such as "lying snow and high wind" (Yuan surname).

Yuan An, the minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty, once lived in Luoyang, where it had just snowed. Luo Yang ordered people to patrol the door of his house. When the door was closed and there was no trace, he ordered people to sweep the snow inside. I saw him lying in the room and asked him why he didn't go out to visit. He said, "It's freezing when it snows. It's not good to disturb others." Luoyang made him a wise man and called him a dutiful son. At that time, Yuan An was once the magistrate of Chu County and Yin of Henan Province, and was famous for his strictness.

7. Engraved with the talents of our ancestors. Such as "The Legacy of Grab a Seat" (Dai surname).

Dai Ping studied Shi Jingyi in the Eastern Han Dynasty. /kloc-When he was 0/6 years old, the county recommended him as Mingjing, and later recruited him as a doctor and a department-level cadre. On the first day of New Year's Day, Emperor Guangwu summoned hundreds of court officials to ask ministers to cross-examine each other. Those who didn't understand the classics would be taken away to make way for those who passed. Dai Ping won more than 50 seats, and the capital said, "My interpretation of classics is not bad."

8. Engraved with the words of our ancestors. For example, "three provinces stay behind" (Zeng surname).

"The Analects of Confucius" said: "Zeng Zi said:' I will visit you three times a day: are you unfaithful to others? Don't believe in making friends? Can you pass it on? "。

9. There are praises and comments on important people in the inscription. Such as "Jia Sheng in Today" (Fu surname).

Fu in the Northern Song Dynasty became a scholar at the age of 20, and served as an assistant minister of national history and Chinese books. He is kind, quiet, sociable and has no talent. When he was the minister of the Ministry of War, the empress dowager praised him as "the festival of assistant minister Fu remains unchanged, and he is really a jade gentleman". People also praised him as a "golden jade and good words" with three virtues of "clarity, directness and courage"