About the traditional ethnic culture in Hailufeng area of ??Guangdong

Many cultural customs in the Hailufeng area can be traced back to the Central Plains and have their roots in Zhejiang and Fujian. Some ancient folk customs originating from the Central Plains, Zhejiang, Fujian and other places are not easy to find in many places in the south. However, it is still popular in Hailufeng area. The five projects of Zhengzi Opera, Xiqin Opera, Baizi Opera, Shadow Play, and Rolling Golden Dragon in the Hailufeng area were promulgated by the State Council as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. The folk customs here often become valuable resources for experts and scholars to discuss cultural accumulation.

Folk opera is the most representative traditional culture and art in Hailufeng area. Since the Ming Dynasty, Hailufeng has preserved four ancient and rare opera types known as "living fossils":

Zhengzi Opera. Formerly known as Zhengyin Opera, all the singing and Taoist tunes use Zhongzhou phonology. The main tunes include Zhengyinqu and Kunqiang, as well as a small amount of Pihuang and minor tunes. People mostly believe that Zhengzi Opera was born out of Yiyang Tune. Yiyang tune was developed when Southern opera from the Song and Yuan Dynasties spread to Yiyang, Jiangxi Province, combined with local dialects and folk music, and absorbed Northern opera. It then multiplied and developed throughout the country. According to Kao Hai and Lu Feng, there were Zhengzi opera activities in the early Ming Dynasty. Since then, it has been rooted here and has become popular in eastern Guangdong and southern Fujian, and has also traveled to Hong Kong and Southeast Asia.

Western Qin Opera. According to research, after the Western Qin Opera (i.e. Qin Opera and Gansu Opera) flowed into Hailufeng in the late Ming Dynasty, it was combined with local folk art. By the early Qing Dynasty, it gradually separated from the Western Qin Opera and established its own genre, forming a Western Qin drama with unique style and characteristics. kind. The main vocal tunes are Zhengxian, Xipi and Erhuang, as well as a small amount of coloratura and miscellaneous tunes. Sing and Bai follow the Zhongzhou phonology. Men and women sing in the same tune, with men singing in the real voice and women singing in the falsetto. The performance style is rough, bold, passionate and vigorous. He is good at martial arts. He is a disciple of the Southern School and a branch of Shaolin.

White character play. In the early Ming Dynasty, it flowed from southern Fujian to eastern Guangdong and arrived in Hailufeng. It was combined with local dialects and folk art to form Hailufeng Baizi Opera with strong local characteristics. In order to distinguish it from Chaozhou Baizi (today's Teochew opera), Chaozhou people call it "Hailufeng Baizi" and "Nanxia Baizi". The music singing style is basically a combination of tunes and tunes, supplemented by folk songs and minor tunes. Because singing songs often use "A Yi Ai" to line up the lyrics and enhance the tune, it is commonly known as "A Yi Ai". After 1988, Haifeng Baizi Opera Troupe performed in Hong Kong many times and received rave reviews.

Shadow puppet show. According to legend, it originated in the Chang'an (today's Xi'an) area of ??the Han Dynasty. It began to spread to foreign countries in the Yuan Dynasty. Foreign film and television circles consider it the predecessor of film art. Shadow puppetry has been popular on land and sea since the early Ming Dynasty. In 1976, the Lufeng County Shadow Puppet Theater Troupe invited artists such as Yu Zheguang, chairman of the China Puppet and Shadow Puppet Art Society, to provide guidance and comprehensively reform the shadow puppet repertoire, singing, performance, stage design, etc., and achieved great success.

In the Hailufeng area, for a long time, three rare opera types: Zhengzi Opera, Xiqin Opera, and Baizi Opera. In addition to the original state-owned professional theater troupes, amateur theater troupes have spread all over the place and have become a great spectacle. distinctive cultural phenomena. Several rare operas originally came from other provinces and were popular in many places, but in the end they were all rooted and active here, which fully shows that Hailufeng is an area that is good at tolerating foreign cultures and is also good at integrating foreign cultures into local culture.

As a "living fossil" for studying the origin of opera, several rare operas of Hai Lufeng have always attracted the attention of experts and scholars, and they have been praised endlessly. The three unique ancient opera types of Xi Qin, Bai Zi, and Zheng Zi are known as the three most fragrant flowers in the art garden of our country, and they are also part of the opera treasures in the treasure house of Chinese national culture and art.

A large amount of folk oral literature has been circulated in Hailufeng area, including myths, legends, stories, raps, jokes, proverbs, riddles, sayings and folk songs, etc. Folk songs are divided into Hakka folk songs in the north, Jianmi songs in the west, fishermen songs in the southeast and Hoklo songs in the plains.

The folk music in Hailufeng area is most common and famous with orchestral "eight tones", music troupes, and blowing troupes. They can all be said to be derived from the art of opera. Together with the art of opera, they have created a very strong music atmosphere. "Bayin" is mainly composed of strings, generally has eight kinds of musical instruments, and has a museum location, which is called "Bayin Pavilion" or "Bayin Class". The string poems played are the same as those in Baizi Opera.

Folk dances include lion dance, money drum dance, British singing and dancing, red women's dance, etc. There are many classics, which have become the repertoire of performances and competitions. The lion dance includes the one-horned unicorn and the hornless "Shiyi", as well as the wooden lions from the Hakka area, collectively called "tiger and lion dance".

In addition, the more famous ones are the "Rolling Golden Dragon" in Da'an Town, Lufeng and the dancing elephant in Haifeng Fairy. "Rolling Golden Dragon" has won the first prize in performances many times in recent years.

In the 1950s, Qian Gugu learned from an old man named Li Huoyi in Shanwei Town. He jumped from the small town to the county seat, the provincial capital, and Beijing, and gained a reputation. Li Huoyi was hired as a librarian by the Provincial Museum of Culture and History for his meritorious service in retaining and imparting money and inspiration, and enjoyed a lifetime salary. The British song and dance is the most famous in Jiazi Town, Lufeng. It is based on the story of the hero Bo in Liangshan. 108 people wipe their faces with thrushes, hold short sticks in both hands, and beat while dancing. They echo each other and cooperate with each other. The rhythm is strong and very spectacular. It is most suitable for squares or parades. time to perform.