Hengxian society

During the Three Kingdoms period, Wu was appointed as the magistrate of Yulin. He paid attention to both refined and popular tastes, and for the first time, he became a priest of poetry and calligraphy, and the germination of cultural and educational undertakings in Hengxian county (state) sprouted from then on. In the Tang Dynasty, Lin was appointed as the secretariat of Hengzhou, which further revitalized the cultural and educational undertakings. From the Song Dynasty to the first year of Zhenghe (111), professors were set up, and in the Yuan Dynasty, full-time officials such as Confucian professors, scholars and teachers were set up for management education. In the Ming Dynasty, professors were abolished and replaced by a state official and a county official. The Qing dynasty followed the system of the Ming dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, academies were established, voluntary schools were established, social schools were founded, and private schools were advocated. The educational system is relatively complete, the scale is expanded, and the rules and regulations are relatively complete. Some officials in Lianzhou respect Confucius and respect education, or donate money to promote education, or give lectures in person, or supervise school from time to time. Some officials who retired from gardens set up libraries at home to teach and educate future generations, which further developed the cultural undertakings of the old town. "Humanistic customs are no different from Zhongzhou." At the end of the Qing Dynasty, education gradually declined. In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), after the coup in Wude, the county (state) abolished the imperial examination and promoted the school, and successively abolished discipline and discipline. In the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), a school was established, with one president and two students. According to the instructions of the state animal husbandry, the county (state) is divided into five school districts in the southeast, northwest and central, and students are advised to set up primary schools in each district. In the second year of Xuantong (19 10), new learning was popularized in various places. Soon, the Revolution of 1911 broke out and the work of persuading students stopped.

After the Republic of China, schools at all levels were renamed schools. In the fifth year of the Republic of China (19 16), the general director was renamed director. In addition to two students, 1 secretary was added, and a school board was established in each school district. 10 years later, the school changed to teach vernacular Chinese, further emphasizing science and neglecting training. 1 1, the school was changed to the local education bureau, and the director was renamed the inspector; 12 was changed to persuasion center, still called director, persuasion 1 student; 13 The school was reorganized into the Education Bureau, 1 director, 3 supervisors, 3 clerks and 2 secretaries. In 22 years, after the establishment of the Bureau, the Education Bureau was abolished and merged into the third section of the county government. In the past 35 years, in addition to 1 section chief, 2 clerks and 2 clerks, there are also 3 inspectors to assist educational administration and education supervision.

1949 to 10, the Hengxian People's Government first exercised the people's educational administrative power in the completely liberated western region and some villages in the north and south. In the same year, after the liberation of the county in June+February, 5438, the county people's government set up the Ministry of Culture and Education, with 2 deputy section chiefs and 4 full-time cadres, and each district set up 1 cultural and educational assistants to manage the cultural and educational undertakings of the county. After 1953, the county is divided into 47 school districts, and each school district has 1 counselor to assist the county in the administrative management of rural primary schools. 1956 education. The education department has added two levels of institutions-county teaching and research section. 1958, Culture Department and Education Department merged into Culture and Education Bureau, 1 director, 2 deputy directors and 6 full-time cadres. 1964, the Bureau of Culture and Education was abolished and the Education Department and the Culture Department were established respectively. There are 2 deputy section chiefs and 6 full-time cadres in the education department, and there are still 1 cultural and educational assistants (officers) in each district (town).

During the Cultural Revolution, the school district was cancelled and education was seriously damaged. 1968 after the establishment of the county revolutionary Committee, the education department was abolished and the administrative affairs of education were under the unified management of the political working group of the revolutionary Committee. 1970 set up an education leading group in the political work group, with 3 deputy heads and 3 full-time cadres. 1972 cancel the education group, set up the education bureau, and set up the education counseling group in each commune (district). 1985, the Education Bureau has 1 directors, 2 deputy directors, 1 party branch secretaries and 7 full-time cadres, including secretaries, political workers, general education and finance. Except for 1 culture and education officer, the original education guidance group was changed to township (town) education guidance station. Education Accounting 1 Assist the county education bureau and the township (town) people's government to manage the developing preschool education, primary and secondary education and amateur education for workers and peasants, and further reform the county and township education administrative management system. There are primary schools in villages, junior high schools in townships and senior high schools in counties, basically eliminating illiteracy among young people and popularizing primary education. 36.88% of the county's labor force has a junior high school education or above. Hengxian culture has a long history. Since the establishment of the county in the Han Dynasty, there have been some famous literati in Zhongzhou in the past dynasties, such as the general of the Han Dynasty, the famous minister of the Three Kingdoms Fei Yi, the famous minister of the Tang Dynasty Du, Qin Guan, the famous minister of the Song Dynasty Wang Sizong and Du Qi, the literati of the Ming Dynasty Wu Shilai, and the geographer Dong Chuance. , have been to hengchow, spread the cultural customs of zhongzhou to the south. Before 1949, cultural and artistic activities in Hengxian County were mostly organized spontaneously by social groups or the masses.

According to the Records of Hengzhou in the 11th Year of Qing Qianlong (1746), during the Lantern Festival, people all over the country played lanterns for fun, sang songs, dressed up, sat on the bench, drank and played. There is also a record in the inscription on the stage of Beidi Temple in Nanxiang that "in the eleventh year of Jiaqing, soldiers set up a stage in front of the temple to have fun with God". At that time, performing on stage became a popular cultural activity and was quite active. In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), there were 27 troupes from other places performing in Hengxian County. In addition, cultural activities include dragon dance, lion dance, spring bull dance, song party, temple fair birthday celebration and so on.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the cultural undertakings in Hengxian County have made new progress. 1950, the county people's government set up a liberal arts education department. 1956 Culture and education are divided into education and culture. 1958 and the Bureau of Culture and Education. 1964, the Culture Department was re-established. 1970 was changed to the Cultural Bureau, with deputy directors, clerks, accountants and other personnel in charge of the county's cultural undertakings. In the 1950s, cultural work mainly cooperated with the central task of the Party to carry out activities and also borrowed books. From 1959 to 1964, the performance of "Sister Liu" became a craze in the county. Cultural work was severely damaged during the Cultural Revolution, and eight "model operas" were mainly sung. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, we carried out the policy of "serving the people and socialism" in cultural work, and made new achievements mainly by establishing urban and rural cultural centers and carrying out various cultural activities. 1979, except the water commune, 20 communes in the county have established cultural stations. From 1979 to 1985, the county's cultural infrastructure investment was 39 1 10,000 yuan, equivalent to 8 times of the total investment in the 30 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China. There are cultural centers, libraries, cultural relics management offices, Xinhua Bookstore, film companies, cinemas and art troupes in the county. There are cultural stations in 22 townships, including 8 urban and rural cultural centers. 299 villages (streets), 1782 natural villages and 136 villages have established cultural rooms and 386 cultural performance teams. The cultural system of the county has 38 cadres and workers1person and 2 rural amateur literary and art backbones1person. It has more than 395,000 square meters of cultural activities. Hengxian county has two major languages: Han and Zhuang. Chinese dialects are complicated, including Guinan dialect (Hakka dialect, village dialect), Hakka dialect (Xinmin dialect, Majie dialect, Ya dialect), Putonghua and vernacular. Zhuang language is divided into Hengnan Zhuang language and Hengbei Zhuang language. The ethnic communication between the strong and the weak is mostly Hakka, followed by vernacular and Zhuang language.

(1) Hakka dialect (village dialect and vernacular) belongs to Nanping dialect in Guangxi. Mainly divided into Lily dialect, Hengzhou dialect, Tao Wei dialect and Luancheng dialect (also called Yongchun dialect). It is distributed in most towns and villages in Fucheng, Lily, Yang Na (22 initials, 57/54 vowels, tone 10), Mashan Township, Hengzhou (23 initials, 56 vowels, tone 10), Liu Jing, Liang Qi, Luban, Luancheng and Shitang.

(2) Xinmin dialect (Ya dialect and Majie dialect) belongs to Hakka dialect. The vast majority of people who speak Xinmin dialect are from Guangdong and Fujian, and they are distributed in parts of 13 townships such as Hengzhou, Fucheng, Luancheng, Xinfu, Longfei, Lily, Shitang, Zhu Ling, Yang Na, Yun Biao, Li Antang, Jiaoyou and Lang Ping, with a population of about 80,000, accounting for 8.24%.

(3) The vernacular is a Cantonese film. It is distributed in some towns and some factories and mines such as county town, Hengzhou, Liu Jing, Liang Qi, Nanxiang, Luancheng, Longfei, Lily and Shitang.

(4) Northern Zhuang language is distributed in most towns and villages such as Shitang and Zhu Ling, as well as some areas of towns and villages such as Liu Jing, Liangkou, Xinfu, Longfei, Tao Wei, Yun Biao, Li Antang, Ma Ping, Maling, Jiaoyi and Zhenlong. The Zhuang language in this county is divided into Hengbei Zhuang language and Hengnan Zhuang language with yujiang county as the boundary. Hengnan Zhuang language includes Nanxiang, Longfei, Xinfu, Lang Ping and Luancheng. Hengbeizhuang dialect is similar to Ma Ping, Liang Qi, Liu Jing and Lucun in Shitang Township, and basically the same as Jiaoyi, Yun Biao, Zhenlong, Zhu Ling, Shitang, Tao Wei and Li Antang. The main difference between Hengnan Zhuang language and Hengbei Zhuang language is the difference in tone value. Before 1949, Hengxian and Yongchun have 1 county hospitals, Lily, Nanxiang and Jiaoyouyou 1 branches. Hengxian Health Center 14 people, including the dean and medical staff, has ordinary and special detention rooms. Medical units in two counties * * * have 8 beds and 2/kloc-0 medical staff. Medical equipment and technical strength are relatively weak. There are less than 100 people who take medicine as their profession in society. In Longlong Mountain area of Zhenlong, patients have to walk twenty or thirty kilometers to Dengxu, Zhuling and Wei Xueyi outside the mountain to see a doctor and buy medicine. Malaria, smallpox, cholera and other epidemics often occur in this county.

1952, the county people's government set up a health department with 2-6 staff, and then established patriotic health campaign committee. During the "Cultural Revolution", the Health Department and Ivy Society were abolished, and a health service team was established in the county revolutionary committee. 1972 Restored the health management organization and renamed it Health Bureau. 1 director, 2-3 deputy directors and 4-6 staff. At the same time, patriotic health campaign committee will be restored, with a director 1 and staff 1. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, health work has been reformed. First, we have adjusted and enriched the leading bodies of various health institutions. County people's hospitals, Chinese medicine hospitals, epidemic prevention stations, health stations and 22 township hospitals were adjusted from 1985 * * to 1 16, of which 6 1 person has a college degree or above, and 42 are under 40. The second is to implement the intellectual policy. During the Cultural Revolution in the county, 47 cases of medical personnel's unjust, false and misjudged cases have all been rehabilitated, and 24 families of medical personnel who meet the requirements of farmers have all been resettled. Third, do a good job in the implementation of the health work responsibility system. Starting from the actual situation of this system, taking into account the relationship between responsibility, power and benefit, the management responsibility system of fixed personnel, fixed tasks, fixed time, fixed quality and fixed assessment attendance is implemented. No longer waiting for patients to come to the door, it is convenient for the masses to take the initiative to go to the countryside to see a doctor and increase outpatient services. 1985 alone earned more than 300,000 yuan in the first half of the year, more than 1984. Chinese medicine hospitals and Luancheng Central Health Center also try out the appointment system for cadres and the contract system for workers. In addition, we have earnestly carried out a comprehensive patriotic health campaign to continuously improve environmental health conditions; Do a good job in the publicity, implementation and implementation of the Food Hygiene Law to ensure people's health; Grasp the epidemic prevention and health care work. 1985, there were 54 health institutions in the county, with cadres and workers 10 18, including 746 health technicians with professional titles and the rest were managers and workers. Health associations have been established in 22 townships in the county, with members 1000. Jiulong Waterfall Group, the scenic spot is located in the north of the county seat, 48km away from the county seat and 8km away from Nanning11. The southern foot of Sheng Da Mountain is1140m above sea level, which is unique in Guangxi with its majestic waterfalls and quiet forests. The park has an ancient geology, and the sandstone peak forest is magnificent and handsome, with an altitude of 400 to 700 meters. Forest vegetation is lush, with 960 species of plants and many ancient trees and exotic flowers. There are 150 kinds of wild animals, many of which are rare.

The park is criss-crossed with valleys and more than 20 waterfalls, which are strange, strong and beautiful. There are more than ten waterfalls with a drop of more than 30 meters and a width of more than 20 meters within 2.5 square kilometers. Waterfalls are characterized by groups, with a distance of100-300m.

The main scenic spots are: dragon welcoming guests, dragon playing with pearls, dragon meeting, Kowloon entering the palace, dragon girl spitting pearls, Qinglong Palace, Bailongshan Lake, Jinlong coveting, Qinglong playing in the water, visiting the forest, exploring the secluded forest, pai Hong Cliff, and dragon and dog patrolling the mountain.

Xijinhu and Xijinhu tourist scenic spots are located in the southwest of Hengxian County, named after Xijin Hydropower Station, 5 kilometers away from the county seat and 0/20 kilometers away from Nanning, the capital of Guangxi. The lake is 100 km long from east to west and 1400 m wide from north to south, with a water area of 240 square kilometers.

In 2005, Xijinhu Scenic Spot passed the first batch of "Guangxi Industrial Tourism Demonstration Sites" and in 2006, it passed the evaluation of "National Industrial Tourism Demonstration Sites" and "National AAA Scenic Spots". At the same time, it is also a popular science education base in Nanning and a patriotic education base in Hengxian.

Baohua Mountain, Baohua Mountain in Hengxian County, is called "Nanshan" by local people because it is 3 kilometers south of the county seat, that is, Nanshan in Hengxian County. "Hengzhouzhi" contains: the mountains are majestic and strange, refreshing, lush and beautiful in spring.

Baohua Mountain is another mountain in the county that integrates natural scenery and places of interest except Wuman Mountain. It is famous in history and religious circles in response to the Temple of Heaven. It is said that Wen Jian, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, lived in seclusion in the mountains after the disaster 15 years. Tourists of all ages quickly visited the holy land of the Ming emperor.

"Baohua Chaoyan" is listed as "Eight Scenery in Hengzhou". Together with the rare trees in the mountain, Yingtian Temple, Monkey Rock, Xianjing and the summit, it has become the main ornamental content of this mountain.

Fu Bo Scenic Area is located 3 kilometers southeast of Yun Biao Railway Station, with Fubo Temple on the north bank of Yujiang River and Fu Bo Beach on the south bank of Yujiang River, 30 kilometers away from the county seat.

Fubo Temple was built in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and rebuilt in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty. The bell and drum tower, archway, front hall, altar, middle hall, cloister and back hall were built in turn in the north and south. The whole building layout is rigorous, majestic and solemn. Fubo Temple is the oldest and largest similar building in the Pearl River Basin.

The original temple covers an area of 33,330 square meters, with an area of 936.7 square meters. From south to north, there are bell tower, archway, front hall, middle hall, cloister, altar and back hall in turn. Among them, the cloister and the palace are connected by a small courtyard to form a complete whole, which receives the artistic effect of patchwork and contrast between reality and reality in space. The arch on the eaves is one of the remarkable architectural techniques in the temple, and all kinds of wood, stone and mortar carvings of columns, seats, beams, poles, doors, windows and roofs, as well as murals on the mountain walls and house walls in the courtyard are also worthy of being outstanding artistic products in the temple.

Fu Bo Beach refers to a ten-mile long beach in the lower reaches of Yujiang River in the east of Hengxian County, facing Fubo Temple across the river. /kloc-in the winter of 0/944, 370 people from the First Self-Defense Force in Hengxian County, 376 people from the Eastern Self-Defense Force, and more than 200 people from the Self-Defense Forces in Zhenjiang Township and North District fought fiercely with the 24th Independent Infantry Brigade of the Japanese South China Army. In the end, * * * killed or injured nearly 100 Japanese troops, and the Japanese brigade commander Zhongzang was killed.

The Devonian section in Liujiang is a famous Devonian standard section in China and even the world. It is located near Liu Jing Town in the northwest of Hengxian County, about 50 kilometers away from Nanning, the capital of the autonomous region.

The starting point of this profile starts from Shai Mountain in the north of Liu Jing Town, passes through the railway station to the south, and then turns to Gubi Village and Nazu Village in the southeast, with a total length of about 3.5 kilometers. In ancient times, Liu Jing was a piece of Wang Yang, where more than 5,000 genera and species of paleontological relics were deposited, forming more than 70 layers of superimposed rocks. In the late Devonian, the sea finally changed after a regression.

Liu Jing section has been listed as a key nature reserve in the autonomous region. Its rich types of sedimentary fossils, complete and continuous rock formations and exquisite preservation are rare in the world. It is an ideal place to study paleontology, geology, sedimentology and lithofacies palaeogeography at home and abroad, and Chinese and foreign scholars and tourists are in an endless stream. Fairy mountain will become an important place for scientific research, exploration, tourism and vacation. There is a fairy temple on the mountain; There are attractions such as Sandie Stone, Buwenyan, Daozhuang Beiqiu Site and Guanshan Ecological Park nearby.