In the future, 8% or 9% of xiong'an new area will be prefabricated buildings?

Old bottles and new wine, prefabricated buildings will start again

The news that 8% and 9% of xiong'an new area will be prefabricated buildings in the future has made prefabricated buildings the focus of public opinion.

Huang Hui, who is 79 years old, worked as the chief architect in the Design Institute of Beijing Housing Construction Corporation, an important driving force of prefabricated buildings in Beijing, and participated in the struggle to create the most glorious period of prefabricated buildings in China in the 198s.

When talking about the development of prefabricated buildings, she came straight to the point: "A complete industrial chain should be built."

Assemble the house like having fun

The so-called prefabricated building is a building assembled with prefabricated parts at the construction site. Because of standardized design, factory production, assembly construction and information management, the precision of prefabricated parts is particularly high, and the construction of assembled buildings is less restricted by climatic conditions and has a fast construction speed, which can save resources and energy, reduce construction pollution, save labor and improve building quality.

Assembled building was once the initial mode of housing industrialization exploration in China.

"In the 198s, we built a floor in seven days." Huang Hui recalled that at that time, under the system with the government as the main body, many provinces and cities across the country established a variety of residential industrialization production chains. Although there are different levels of industrialization, different raw materials, different stitching and joint practices in different places, there is little difference in products. Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Sichuan, Hunan and Zhejiang all have their own product systems, and some residential quarters have also been built. The third component factory affiliated to Beijing Housing Construction Corporation once became the most advanced enterprise in Asia in terms of production capacity and technology. According to incomplete statistics, more than 1 million square meters of multi-storey and high-rise residential buildings were built in the residential areas under construction at that time, and there were basically complete professional design, production, construction entities and R&D platforms. The earlier diplomatic apartments in Beijing adopted the assembled integral reinforced concrete two-way frame structure.

"At that time, China's building standardization and industrialization had reached a considerable level, which was very different from that of developed countries. Especially in the prefabrication and installation of building parts, it has reached a high level. " Huang Hui said.

There is still a lack of research and development to adapt to local conditions

However, in the late 198s and early 199s, prefabricated buildings encountered "Waterloo" in China-production lines were quietly dismantled, and during the same period, the prefabricated houses in China almost disappeared instantly.

In addition to the impact of market demand for personalized, Europeanized and luxurious commercial housing, an important reason is that technical quality problems such as residential waterproofing are gradually exposed. In Huang Hui's view, "Perhaps, insufficient research on the seismic capacity of prefabricated housing and the introduction of Soviet prefabricated buildings without localization are the fundamental causes of death."

According to the data of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, at present, the proportion of prefabricated buildings in China is only 5%, and in Germany and Singapore, it accounts for about 8%. Especially in the earthquake-prone countries such as Japan, Maeda and Toyota, after introducing the technology from the Netherlands and other European countries, they have made great efforts to carry out secondary research and development to achieve localization, put forward the slogan of "building houses like cars", and made great efforts to train skilled workers, refine their products, and set up enterprises.

after p>27, China began a new round of housing industrialization.

"At present, the prefabricated building market is full of flowers, and the simple Lego building block is not the whole of the prefabricated building system. The technology has gradually shifted from simply imitating Japan to introducing digestion, absorption and innovation." Tang Yujiao, head of the new house of China Building Materials Research Institute (hereinafter referred to as Building Materials Institute) Beijing Kaisheng Building Materials Engineering Co., Ltd. told the reporter that the prefabricated building of Building Materials Institute-Youke House has gone abroad, and the territorial convenience of steel structure and the localization of plates are one of the major characteristics.

The STG Staff Dormitory in Algeria, located in the Sahara Desert, is a demonstration site for the landing of Youke houses. The temperature in this area is as high as 5 degrees Celsius all the year round. The technical accumulation of Building Materials Institute for many years has laid a reliable foundation for the customization of prefabricated buildings. Compared with other buildings in the same field, the building has obvious thermal insulation effect. In the face of the Laos villa group project, in order to adapt to the local rainy and humid climate, technicians have made adjustments in the ratio of plates.

On February 6, 216, the Opinions of the Central Committee of the State Council on Further Strengthening the Management of Urban Planning and Construction proposed to develop new construction methods. Increase policy support, and strive to make the proportion of prefabricated buildings in new buildings reach 3% in about 1 years. Actively and steadily promote steel structure buildings. Where conditions permit, advocate the development of modern wooden buildings.

in March p>216, vigorously developing prefabricated buildings was written into the government work report of the prime minister for the first time.

On September 27th of that year, the General Office of the State Council issued a guiding opinion on vigorously developing prefabricated buildings, proposing that three major urban agglomerations, namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, should be the key promotion areas, other cities with a permanent population of more than 3 million should be the active promotion areas, and the rest should be the encouragement promotion areas, and prefabricated buildings such as prefabricated concrete structures, steel structures and modern wood structures should be developed according to local conditions. At the same time, we will gradually improve laws and regulations, technical standards and supervision systems, and promote the formation of a number of large-scale production enterprises for design, construction and parts, general contracting enterprises with modern assembly and construction levels, and specialized skill teams corresponding to them.

Industry revival calls for the whole industrial chain

In Tang Yujiao's view, with the gradual advancement of China's prefabricated building industrial policy and housing industrial structure adjustment and reform, prefabricated buildings will usher in new development opportunities and face new challenges.

"If enterprises go their own way, go shopping for prices, ignore quality, and don't take a long-term view, they all buy and sell at one stroke, then the industry can neither develop healthily nor develop for a long time." Tang Yujiao believes that in addition to technological breakthroughs and the guidance of policies and regulations, the development of prefabricated houses requires a supporting platform for industrial linkage. She introduced that as a new force in the market, while innovating in technology and opening up the market, Beijing Kaisheng Building Materials Engineering Co., Ltd. joined hands with the Productivity Promotion Center of the Building Materials Industry under the Building Materials Institute to actively organize alliances to gather the upper and lower resource industry chains while using scientific research advantages to enhance the technical strength of SMEs.

Tang Yujiao said that although the climate has not yet formed, there is a shortage of high-quality skilled workers, and there is still a lot of room for improvement in various professions and technologies, it is hoped that engineering cooperation and joint technology development can help the industrial upgrading and development.

"In the 198s, the Beijing Municipal Government dispatched troops to set up the Beijing Housing Construction Corporation and established a complete industrial chain for housing industry construction." Huang Hui analysis found that the industrialization of large-scale reinforced concrete collective housing in many developed countries has been rising steadily since the 196s, and the reason lies in the scientific planning and operation process. "Nowadays, the development of prefabricated buildings in China also needs to analyze and study the procedures and all main parameters of the whole industrial chain, put forward a planning scheme, and determine the planning of the whole industrial chain through experiments, tests and demonstrations."

At present, residence is the main application field of prefabricated buildings in China. In Huang Hui's view, in terms of service objects, the composition of users and the needs of the same user are changing at any time, just like the IT industry. However, the essence and production operation of residential and IT products are very different. Residential buildings have high cost and long life, and it is difficult to upgrade, update or even replace them at any time. "In the planning, the reliability of the investigation basis, the forward-looking goal and the scientific balance in the near and long-term needs, costs, benefits and technical feasibility all play a decisive role in success or failure."

all parties work together, restrict and supervise each other, and make the new technology more perfect and develop faster!