How to make junior students read silently more effectively

First, stimulate interest in silent reading and enhance perceptual knowledge. The Chinese curriculum standard requires that the first and second grades "learn to read silently, without making any noise or pointing." Teachers should try their best to cultivate students' interest in silent reading when primary school students are just beginning to learn it. For example, in teaching, they want to type a sentence with projection and ask the students, "Who can know what this sentence is written without making any noise?" This immediately aroused the interest of the students, who all held their little hands high. Then I asked the students to practice several sentences in succession. Finally, seize the opportunity to tell students: "If you don't read aloud, you will know the meaning of the article, which is silent reading." In this way, silent reading has a preliminary perceptual knowledge in the minds of lower grade children. In the subsequent teaching, students are trained to read silently from one sentence to two or three sentences, or even the whole paragraph, so that students' interest in silent reading is gradually enhanced. When you start learning to read silently, you can take students to the library to see how people read silently. Pay attention to the posture of people when reading silently. How to get the book? What is the distance between the eyes and the book? How to sit? Let's discuss and do together to further enhance students' perceptual knowledge of silent reading. At ordinary times, you can also invite students who have good grades in silent reading to talk about their own experience in silent reading in class. You can also let them perform live silent reading performances, so that every student is willing to accept silent reading training. Training silent reading skills to improve reading efficiency 1. Training silent reading ability is developed through training on the basis of students' initial mastery of reading skills. But according to people's cognitive characteristics, silent reading precedes reading. Research shows that first-year students can't read silently. When they began to practice silent reading, most students moved their lips and whispered. They can't associate the words they see with their meanings, but they need to read aloud to understand their meanings. Sometimes, after students enter middle school, there will be a phenomenon of "silent reading" in a low voice. Therefore, the formation of primary school students' silent reading ability goes through two stages: one is the stage of "light reading" in a low voice; The second stage is the silent stage. Therefore, students should know that the correct method of silent reading should be to only roll their eyes and rely on visual movements, instead of using "lip movement" to assist redundant movements. The silent reading speed of "eye movement" of visual movement is much faster than "lip movement" Teachers should guide students to strengthen training and gradually cultivate. 2. Cultivate the breadth of visual reading. When you start to learn silent reading, sometimes you will refer to reading. Some students are pointing and reading word by word. In this way, you will stop at every word. This not only affects the reading speed, but also affects the understanding of the content. Therefore, teachers should pay attention to cultivating the breadth of students' visual reading. From fast and accurate reading in large units to fast and accurate reading in large units, thus improving reading speed and memory effect. From seeing a word or two at a glance to reading a sentence, it is easy to understand the meaning. Then it develops from sentences to lines, and then from lines to paragraphs, thus gradually improving the speed of silent reading. 3. Mastering different silent reading methods actually includes skimming, browsing and intensive reading, and teachers should constantly strengthen the training of these methods in reading teaching. Skimming, as the name implies, is a rough silent reading, the main purpose of which is to quickly and roughly understand the main content of the article. "Chinese Curriculum Standard" requires the third and fourth grades to "learn to skim and skim articles." This silent reading method is generally used when reading a text or an informative book for the first time. Browsing mainly captures the information you need or some important information from reading media (Internet, newspapers, etc.). ), search the main facts and capture individual details, and pay attention to fast and accurate, in order to save time and ensure the high efficiency of reading. "Chinese Curriculum Standard" requires the fifth and sixth grades to "learn to browse, expand their knowledge and collect information as needed. Try to use information channels such as libraries and the Internet for inquiry reading. " Intensive reading, that is, using various reading methods to read silently and carefully, is mainly to deeply understand the ideological content contained in the text (that is, to express personalized reading experience). Intensive reading takes a certain amount of time, and sometimes the structure of words, words, sentences, paragraphs or chapters needs to be considered and scrutinized repeatedly in order to understand the article more deeply. For example, students can be trained in intensive reading in key paragraphs or difficult places of teaching texts. 4. Teach a variety of silent reading methods. The process of silent reading is the process of perceiving and understanding the text. An article or a book is written by the author's perception of his own affairs after repeated pondering and deliberation. Therefore, it is difficult to deepen the understanding of the content of reading materials without adopting certain silent reading methods. Only by mastering various methods of silent reading can we speed up reading, develop our thinking ability and improve our reading and writing level. This paper briefly introduces several methods of silent reading: intermittent reading reference method: when reading an article silently, you need to stop and think when you encounter new words or words you don't understand; After reading a layer or a paragraph silently, you need to think about the main meaning of this layer and this paragraph; Sometimes it is necessary to consult dictionaries, dictionaries and related books to solve difficult problems. This is the intermittent reading reference method. Sketch and annotation: While reading the article silently, use various symbols to sketch and mark new words, witty sentences or key paragraphs. Sometimes, you can always write down your feelings and experiences in the header or the blank space in the middle of the article (for example, add a subtitle to the text, summarize the general idea of the paragraph, understand the meaning of keywords, sentences, paragraphs or some of your own ideas, etc.). ). Using the method of sketching and annotating helps to grasp the key and difficult points of the text and deepen the understanding and memory of what you have learned. Skip reading method: On the basis of a preliminary understanding of the main contents of the full text, sometimes in order to study the meaning and writing of some sentences in depth, we abandon general paragraphs, silently read key sentences, carefully scrutinize them repeatedly, and truly understand them. This is the skipping method. The method of setting doubts and solving doubts: Chinese curriculum standard requires the third and fourth grades to "learn the initial silent reading". You can ask questions about places you don't understand in the text. "For example, teachers can cultivate students' good habit of thinking about problems when they see topics. For example, when you are studying "special gifts", you will immediately wonder when you see the topic-what is a special gift? Who is this special gift for? ..... Seeing the topic of silent competition, I immediately became suspicious-why is it a silent competition? What is this silent competition? ..... Sometimes you can also set questions about words and phrases in the text. In this way, students will read silently with questions and interests, pay more attention, and be more helpful to understand the text. Associative composition method: For example, when studying the texts such as "Lotus on a Summer Night" and "Underwater World", students can read the texts silently and draw the contents of the texts. Then I'll show you the picture I drew and tell you. This not only stimulates students' interest in reading, but also improves the quality of students' silent reading. Role replacement method: whether it is an article written by the first person or an article written by others, students should be immersed in it. Let the students really feel that the "I" in the text is myself, and I am a member of the text. Such as "Walking on the Grass at Night", "Ouyang Hai Sacrifices for the Fire Engine" and "Farewell to the Prime Minister in Shili Long Street" are helpful to understand the text deeply and improve the quality of silent reading. Life contact method: When students are learning texts such as gecko, they can contact the gecko they see in their own life while reading the text silently, so that students can deeply understand the relationship between the shape characteristics of gecko and its catching insects. Third, strengthen the evaluation of silent reading, so as to achieve gradual progress. The Chinese curriculum standard requires that the fifth and sixth grades "have a certain speed of silent reading, and the general reading materials are not less than 300 words per minute." This tells us that the quality of silent reading depends on speed and effect. Self-evaluation: the method is to read an article silently for a certain period of time, and then calculate your own silent reading speed. The formula is as follows: silent reading speed = the number of words in the article/the time of silent reading. At ordinary times, we should regularly carry out the measurement activities of silent reading speed, so that students can know their own silent reading speed at any time, so as to continuously improve. Teacher's evaluation: Ask students to read the same article silently and answer every question at the back of the article in writing. Finally, according to the answer, calculate the silent reading effect of each student. The formula is as follows: silent reading effect = number of good answers/completion time. It depends not only on the length of time, but also on the number of answers. Students can also read the same article silently at the same time (the shortest completion time is set by the teacher according to the length of the article and the difficulty of answering questions), and answer each question behind the article in writing. Finally, it mainly depends on the number of answers in the same time. Finally, after repeated evaluation, students with strong reading ability were selected. Through such activities, we can check whether the speed and ability of students' silent reading have improved, so as to better mobilize the enthusiasm of students' silent reading.