Knowledge of construction safety production?

Knowledge of construction safety production

A, the construction safety production responsibility system

The so-called safe production responsibility system is to clarify the safety responsibilities of leaders at all levels and all kinds of personnel in production activities in the form of systems. It is the most basic system in enterprise safety management and the core of all safety rules and regulations, mainly including the following three aspects:

1. Safety responsibilities of leaders at all levels in enterprises. As our construction enterprise, including corporate legal person, competent manager, chief engineer, project manager, construction team leader, safety officer and other management personnel, the responsibility system for safe production.

2. Safety production responsibilities of all relevant functional departments of the enterprise. It includes production department, technical department, mechanical equipment department, material department and so on. All functional departments are responsible for the safety production of their own departments within their respective responsibilities.

3. The safety responsibility of front-line workers. Including: bricklayer, carpenter, rebar worker, scaffolder, welder, electrician, rigger and other work safety rules and regulations.

The project manager on the construction site is the first person responsible for the project safety production, and takes overall leadership responsibility for the project safety production.

After establishing and improving the above responsibility system for production safety, it is necessary to implement the responsibility to specific personnel and conduct regular target assessment on the previous stage.

Second, the main content of safety production and construction

1. Overall design of safety production and construction organization. A construction site, without a complete safety production construction organization design as a guide, just thinking about where to go can not do safety production work. Before the project starts, the Safety Production Technology Department shall, according to the actual situation of the project and in combination with the specific influencing factors such as hydrology, geology, meteorology, climate and seasonal changes on the construction site, formulate a feasible safety construction organization design, which shall be implemented after being approved by the technical director of the unit. In the process of construction, corresponding adjustments and improvements should be made in time according to the special circumstances of the project.

2. Disclosure of technical measures for engineering safety. Before the project starts, the project engineer shall make safety technical disclosure to the project leader, foreman and employees participating in the construction in response to the specific conditions of the project, the construction methods and safety technical measures of sub-projects. Before each subdivisional work starts, the project engineer must make safety technical disclosure for the single project, and the safety disclosure shall be recorded in the account, with the signatures of both parties and the disclosure date.

3. Conduct pre-job training and education for all construction personnel. All personnel involved in the construction must go through three-level safety education before taking up their posts, and special operations personnel must be trained and qualified by the competent department before taking up their posts with certificates.

With the above software assurance measures, in view of the key points of safety production in construction projects, the safety production supervision and management personnel must focus on the following hardware aspects: whether the erection of scaffolding meets the specification requirements, whether the temporary electricity consumption on site is safe and reliable, whether all kinds of construction machinery and equipment are sensitive and effective, whether the three treasures of safety are used, whether the four entrances and five exits are properly protected, and whether the above measures can effectively prevent the four major injury accidents in the construction industry (falling from a height, hitting objects, etc.).

(1) scaffolding engineering

Scaffolding requirements

1. Poling: Except the top layer can be overlapped, other joints must be connected with butt fasteners and arranged in a cross way. The joints of adjacent uprights should not be located in the same span, and the stagger distance should not be less than 500MM. The lap length of poles should not be less than 1M, and not less than two fasteners should be fixed. The horizontal distance of the vertical pole is 1.05 ~ 1.3m, and the vertical distance is1.5 ~1.8m. ..

2. Horizontal pole (main pole): The longitudinal horizontal pole should be set inside the vertical pole, and its length should not be less than 3 spans, and it can be overlapped or butted. When overlapping, the overlapping length shall not be less than 1M, and three rotating fasteners shall be set at equal intervals for fixing. When docking, the joints should not be set in the same span, the horizontal bar (small bar) should be set at the lower side of the longitudinal horizontal bar, and the horizontal bar must be set at the main node.

3. Bracing: The width of each bracing span vertical rod should be 5 ~ 7, and not less than 6m. The inclination angle between the diagonal and the ground should be 45 ~ 60 degrees. Scissors should be set at both ends of the outer side of the scaffold, and the clear distance between the scissors should not be greater than 15M. The diagonal bracing shall be overlapped, with a length of not less than 1M and not less than two rotating fasteners.

4. Lateral support. For scaffolding with a height of more than 24M, a transverse brace shall be set at least every 6 spans, and a brace must be set at both ends. On the same section, it should be continuously staggered from bottom to top.

5. Wall parts. Scaffolding wall parts are an important guarantee to prevent scaffold instability. It can be flexible and rigid. Flexible Rachel is to embed a steel ring in the building structure, stand against the wall with a small bar, and tie steel bars around the vertical bar and steel ring near the intersection of the vertical bar and the small bar to form support and Rachel. Steel wire with a height of more than 4MM should be twisted into one strand, and not less than 2 strands should be tightened. Generally, flexible connection can only be used on scaffolding with a height less than 25 m. Rigid Rachel: generally, a rigid connecting rod composed of steel pipes and fasteners is used. On the window or concrete column, use steel pipes and fasteners for Rachel. The number of fasteners should not be less than 2. The coverage area of each wall should be less than 40M2, the vertical spacing should be within 3 steps, and the horizontal spacing should be within 3 vertical intervals.

6. Scaffolding requirements. The construction operation layer should be covered with scaffolding, which can be made of wood and bamboo. Both ends of the scaffold are fixed with horizontal rods, and the joint length should not be greater than150 mm.

(2) Temporary electricity utilization on site

Electric shock casualties are one of the four major injuries in the construction industry. Therefore, the safety of electricity consumption in the construction site is related to the life and death of every construction enterprise.

According to the ministerial standard "Technical Specification for Temporary Electricity Use in Construction Site" (JGJ46-88), it is required that the construction organization design for temporary electricity use should be prepared in the construction site, which should include: determining the setting and line direction of incoming power supply, distribution room, general distribution box and distribution box, selecting transformer capacity, conductor section and electrical specifications, drawing electrical layout and wiring system diagram, and formulating technical measures for safe electricity use and electrical fire prevention measures.

1. External protection. A safe operating distance must be kept between the outer edge of the construction site and the electric overhead line, which is 4m below 1KV, 6m below1-0/10kV and 6m below 35kV-1/0kV8m.

The minimum horizontal distance between any part of the tower crane and the overhead line below 10KV shall not be less than 2M.

2. Grounding and neutral protection. (JGJ46-88) The Technical Specification for Temporary Electricity Safety in Construction Site requires that tn-s zero connection system, namely TN-S system, must be adopted in the construction site to distinguish the working zero line from the protection zero line.

Functions and requirements of three-phase five-wire system;

(1) to prevent TN-C three-phase four-wire zero protection, because * * * uses the working zero line to make it charged, causing an electric shock accident.

(2) Prevention of mixed connection: PE yellow/green double-color special wire is specially connected to the protective zero line of equipment shell and electrical box, and it is not allowed to be used as working zero line and phase line.

3. Three-level distribution and two-level protection:

Three-level power distribution: the main distribution box, distribution box, switch box, power distribution and lighting distribution should be set separately.

Two-level protection: distribution box and switch box must be protected by leakage protection switch.

(3) Construction machinery and equipment

1. Tower crane. Focus on the inspection report of the crane, and check all kinds of restrictions, limit devices and safety devices on site, and whether the tower crane operators and commanders hold valid certificates to work at their posts.

2. Gantry. Focus on checking whether the installation of the frame body is stable and reliable, whether the limit safety device is complete and effective, whether the braking is sensitive and reliable, whether the broken rope protection is effective, whether the cable wind rope must be anchored reliably with a wire rope of more than 9MM, whether the hanging basket has a safety door and a side baffle, whether the protection of the landing unloading platform is tight, and whether the lightning rod and grounding are reliable.

3. Small and medium-sized machines. Focus on checking whether all kinds of protection devices are complete and effective, the running state of transmission parts, and whether there is grounding and zero protection.

(4) Three treasures of safety: safety net, hole and edge protection.

Use three treasures of safety correctly, and wear safety helmet correctly when entering the construction site.

Function of safety net: it is used to prevent people and objects from falling, or to avoid reducing the impact injury of falling and objects. Safety net can be divided into flat net, vertical net and dense mesh safety net. At present, the dense mesh safety net is widely used in Dongtai area. The standard of dense mesh safety net is: 100 square centimeter, there are more than 2000 meshes, which can withstand the penetration test, the net forms an angle of 30 degrees with the ground, and the net is 5 kg φ 48 mm

The use of safety belts should prevent people working at height from falling and being injured. When using, it should be hung high and used low. It is not allowed to tie the rope, and the hook should not be hung directly on the rope, but on the connecting ring.

Entrance edge protection: entrance, stairs, elevator wellhead and derrick entrance.

Limitation: The working face without enclosure at the edge of the construction site is called limb, which mainly includes stair edge, floor edge, roof, balcony edge, platform edge, platform edge and cornice edge.

Eye-catching protective railings should be set at the mouth of the cave and near the edge, which are composed of upper and lower railings and railings. The height of the upper pole from the ground is 1.0 ~ 1.2m, and the height of the lower pole from the ground is 0.5 ~ 0.6m ..

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