What are the specific examinations for dermatological examination?

Physical examination: focus on the location, type, number, size, shape, surface and base of the lesions, as well as the color, blister contents and their colors, arrangement characteristics and boundaries.

Auxiliary physical examination includes:

1, diagnosis of sliding piece pressing: Press the sliding piece 10 ~ 20 seconds hard at the injury site, and the colors of inflammatory erythema and hemangioma can disappear.

2, skin scratches: scratch the skin with a blunt instrument, such as scratches on a lump in the wind, called skin scratches positive.

3. Sensory examination: including temperature perception, touch and pain.

4. Filter ultraviolet examination: For example, pustule hair shows dark green fluorescence, while tinea versicolor shows bright green fluorescence.

5. Examination method of spinocytolysis (Nissl's sign): It is positive when the blisters spread around and push the normal skin and wipe off the skin with normal appearance between the blisters.

Laboratory examination:

1. Histopathological examination of skin: Some skin diseases have their unique pathological changes, which can be used for diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

2. Skin test.

(1) Spot towel test: used to check contact allergens.

(2) Scratch test or pigeon test: used to determine whether a substance has allergic reaction (type I).

(3) Leprosy test: used to judge the immunity of leprosy patients.

(4) Trichophyton test: it is helpful to diagnose tinea rash.

3. Microbiological examination: the examination of dermatophytes, leprosy bacilli and rash insects is helpful for the diagnosis of corresponding skin diseases.