Teaching Design of Li Shangyin's Poems, a Compulsory Chinese Course in Senior High School.

[teaching objective]

1. Several common methods to understand poetry freehand brushwork;

2. Understand the internal structure;

3. Understand various solutions to Li Shangyin's poems.

[Teaching Emphasis]

Master the basic appreciation method of poetry: taste the image of poetry.

[Teaching Difficulties]

Understanding of the internal structure and ideas of this poem.

[Teaching Method]

Translation method, point reading method.

[teaching hours] one class hour.

[Teaching process]

First, lead-in: It is worth our profound experience to read Li Shangyin from Liang Qichao. He said: "I don't care what Yishan's poems such as Jinse, Bicheng and Shengnu Temple say. Take it apart and ask me to explain it sentence by sentence. I can't even solve the meaning. But I think it is beautiful, and reading it makes me feel fresh and happy. It should be noted that beauty is multifaceted and beauty is mysterious. " (

Explanation: Anyone who has read this poem and has a little knowledge of Li Shangyin's life is racking their brains, hoping to find more poets and understand them better from this poem. Thus, this poem "Jinse" became the "sphinx mystery" in the history of China's poetry. Qing Wang Shizhen said, "It's difficult to understand people in a Jinse"!

Second, the author's brief introduction

Li Shangyin (about 813-858) was a poet in the late Tang Dynasty. The word Yishan, born in Yuxi, was originally from Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province). He was born in Xingyang, Henan Province (now Xingyang, Zhengzhou) and came from a small bureaucratic family. He took the Jinshi exam three times, until he was a scholar for two years (837). Due to the recommendation of Ling Huchu, he won the Jinshi. He used to be county commandant, secretary lang and judge of our time in eastern Sichuan. At the end of 837, Ling Huchu died of illness. Shortly after taking part in the funeral of Linghu Chu, Li Shangyin went to Jingzhou (now the northern part of Jingxian County, Gansu Province) to be the king's aide at the invitation of Wang Maoyuan, our ambassador to Jingyuan. Wang Maoyuan appreciated his talent and married his daughter to him. This marriage dragged it into the struggle between Niu and Li. Linghu Chu and his son belong to the "Niu (Monk and Confucianism) Party", and Wang Maoyuan made friends with Li Deyu and was regarded as a member of the "Li Party". Influenced by the party struggle between Niu (Monk Confucianism) and Li (Deyu), he was pushed out and was down and out for life. Some of his poems reveal the darkness of reality, but only a few; His main achievement lies in the art of poetry, especially his near-body rhythm poems, which are profound, dense, elegant and exquisite. He wrote more than 6 poems in his life, including The Poems of Li Yishan. Li Shangyin pushed Tang poetry to another peak, and Du Mu was as famous as him in the late Tang Dynasty, and both of them were called "Little Li Du". Li Shangyin is also called "Sanli" together with Li He and Li Bai. Together with Wen Tingyun, they are called "Wen Li", because their poems and poems are similar to those of Duan Chengshi and Wen Tingyun in the same period, and all three of them rank 16th in the family, so they are also called "Thirty-six Style". His poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style, especially love poems and untitled poems, which are lingering and memorable. However, it is too obscure and confusing to be solved. Yuan Haowen asked "On Thirty Poems": "the spring-heart of Emperor Wang is crying in a cuckoo, a beautiful woman complains about her years. Poets always love Xikun (the school of poetry in the early Song Dynasty influenced by him), but they hate that no one is the annotation of Zheng (Zheng Xuan, the exegetist of the Eastern Han Dynasty). " Being in the middle of the struggle between Niu and Li, I was frustrated all my life. He died of depression at the age of 46 and was buried in Xingyang, Zhengzhou (now Alfalfa Village, Xingyang). According to the New Tang Book, there are 2 volumes of Fan Nanjia Collection, 2 volumes of Fan Nanyi Collection, 3 volumes of Yu Xisheng Poetry, 1 volume of Fu and 1 volume of Wen, and some works have been lost.

Third, content perception

Li Shangyin and Du Mu are also called "Little Li Du". His poems are full of worries about the national luck, expressing his embrace and satirizing current events. In artistic techniques, symbols are often used to imply feelings, and the artistic conception is hazy. The ancients commented on his poems as "deep affection for Myanmar", "profound knowledge and exquisite beauty" and "deep sustenance and gentle wording"

The poem Jinse is one of Li Shangyin's representative works. The title is an untitled poem, which is formed by intercepting the first word of the article. The meaning of the poem is deeply hidden, and there have always been different opinions. The appreciation of this poem focuses on appreciating the hazy artistic conception of the poem and grasping the artistic skills used by the poet. Weak will washes eyes with tears, strong will learns skills with sweat.

Fourth, difficult sentences

1. I wonder why my inlaid harp has fifty strings, each with its flower-like fret an interval of youth.

[Analysis] The first couplet of the poem uses the method of folk songs. The poem delights in the melancholy and sad brocade, and points out the emotional tone of "thinking about China". This instrument can play all kinds of emotional music, but poets often like to associate it with sad feelings. For example, Du Fu said, "When will this money meeting be called, I will temporarily get drunk next to the beautiful woman Jinse ("Qujiang Dujiu ")." Lu Xun also said, "Yao-Se sets dust to clear up grievances, and there is no pity for women to shine on high hills" ("Mourning for Ding Jun"). For no reason, no reason, no reason. Fifty strings. The Book of Records of the Historian Feng Chan contains fifty strings of Guser, and although it is generally twenty-five strings later, it still has its own system. The first and second sentences of the poem say: The beautifully painted harp has fifty strings, and it happens that I am almost fifty years old, and each string and column evokes my memories of the passing years. It is a long story and I am deeply touched. (this statement is only counted as a family statement. )

[translation] This golden harp has fifty silk strings for no reason, each of which reminds me of the lost Chinese New Year.

[the first couplet] beautiful women play the drums and harp, thinking about their years. Listen to Joseph and look back on that year; Missing the past is a long story.

2. the sage Chuangzi is day-dreaming, bewitched by butterflies, the spring-heart of Emperor Wang is crying in a cuckoo.

[Analysis] For the story of Zhuang Zhoumeng Butterfly, see Zhuangzi's Theory of All Things: "In the past, Zhuang Zhoumeng was Hu Die, and Hu Die was vivid. ..... If I suddenly feel it, I will be surprised by it. I wonder if Zhou's dream is Hu Die and Hu Die's dream is Zhou and? " "Xiao Meng" in the poem refers to the dream when the sky is about to dawn. "Being fascinated with butterflies" refers to being confused about the relationship between yourself and butterflies and being unable to tell you from me.

In the face of the turbulent and drastic changes in the Warring States society, Zhuang Zhou produced the thought of illusory and impermanent life. Li Shangyin used this allusion because of the decline of national power, political turmoil and fate like duckweed in the late Tang Dynasty.

this couplet closely follows the phrase "thinking about China" above, and expresses the feelings of the poet in his memory. Taking Zhuang Zhoumeng as a butterfly thing seems to have such a meaning: the ideals and feelings in the past were so beautiful, and they were so vivid in the memories, which really fascinated people, making the poet feel that it is the real existence, and the current predicament is just a dream. But it can be understood in reverse: if the current difficult situation is true, then the beautiful ideals and feelings of the past will not become illusory dreams? This is really "I wonder if Zhou Zhimeng is a butterfly and?" Butterfly's dream is Zhou and "! The poet has completely fallen into a state of confusion. For the legend of Wang Di, see "Du Yu, the king of Shu, was named Wang Di, but later died because of Zen, and became a sub-discipline". Using this allusion seems to contain his sadness about the disappearance of love and life. Zigui is the cuckoo. The beautiful and desolate cuckoo in the poet's works has been sublimated into the poet's miserable soul. It seems that the poet's devotion to the "Chinese New Year" is shown by the sentence, that is, no matter whether the dream is true, he will never let his "longing for love" (that is, his beautiful ideals and feelings) die, and even if he dies, he will sing his sorrow through the cuckoo's cry like Wang Di. These two sentences each use the same thing, and the connection is so natural and exactly the same, which also reflects the ingenuity of the poet's allusion. Because I can't get together, I miss you deeply. I really feel that this is empty, and the dream is real. Even if the cuckoo cries blood, it is difficult to express my lovesickness.

[Translation] In his early morning dream, Zhuang Zhou turned into a fluttering butterfly, hoping that the emperor would entrust his worries about hurting spring to the mourning cuckoo.

[Zhuan Lian] Zhuang Zhoumeng Butterfly, Wang Dijuan. I had a beautiful dream, and I was addicted to it, as if it were true and unreal, as if I were infatuated; I have been lovesick, I have been attentive to my thoughts, and I am passionate about it until I die.

3. mermen weep their pearly tears down a moon-green sea, blue fields are breathing their jade to the sun.

[Analysis] The previous sentence takes the deep blue sea and a bright moon in the sky as the background, which shapes the image of Jiao Ren's tears as pearls. This is borrowed from folklore, but it is also created by the author. "Beads have tears", that is to say, pearls and tears blend together, which is difficult to distinguish, which not only makes people feel disappointed, but also gives birth to infinite beautiful associations. Imagine that Jiao Ren was crying in pain, but his tears turned into pearls that people loved very much. How sentimental it was!

The last sentence, with the beautiful mountains and warm sunshine in Lantian as the background, shaped the image of "Yu Sheng Yan". Jade is buried deep in the ground, unseen by people, but its moist essence can penetrate through the soil and rise in the air like smoke, adding luster to the mountains. This imagination comes from an ancient legend. According to the Chronicle of Chang 'an, "Lantian Mountain is three miles southeast of Chang 'an County, and its mountain produces jade, also known as Yushan." In terms of jade being buried, it is very sad; From the aspect of "smoking", it is gratifying, and the situation is also complicated.

The "pearls" and "jade" here can be regarded as the poet's self-metaphor, which not only means talent, but also means virtue and ideal. It can also be considered as a metaphor for the poet's beautiful yearning and feelings. But no matter what the metaphor of "pearl" and "jade" refers to, the poem is full of feelings of dismay and sadness.

originally, in the couplets, the poet seemed to have said almost all about his "thoughts of the Chinese New Year" by using the two codes of "Zhuang Sheng" and "Looking at the Emperor", and it was really difficult to continue. Unexpectedly, the poet saw Wan Li in a flash and showed us these two beautiful pictures, which was really a strange peak. The previous one, with the deep blue sea and a bright moon in the sky as the background, shaped the image of Jiao Ren weeping into beads. This evolved from folklore, but it was created by the author. "Beads with tears", pearls and tears blend together, which is difficult to distinguish. It makes people feel disappointed and associate endlessly. Imagine Jiao Ren crying in pain, but his tears turned into people's favorite pearls, and how much affection there is for readers to taste! As for whether this tear is an allusion to the beauty's tears or the author's own tears, it doesn't need to be managed. Anyway, this artistic conception is beautiful enough. The latter one, with the beautiful mountains and warm sunshine in Lantian as the background, shaped the image of "Jade gives birth to smoke". Jade is buried in the ground, unseen, but its warm essence can penetrate the soil and rise in the air like smoke, adding luster to the mountain. This imagination comes from an old saying (as does the phrase "stone-like jade glows with mountains" in Jin Lu Ji's Wen Fu). But the significance of the poet's quotation is extraordinary: from the aspect that jade is buried, it is very sad; From the aspect of "smoking", it is gratifying, and the situation is really complicated. Although the two pictures are different in tone, they are completely consistent in expressing the author's frustration and sadness. As for their symbolic significance, it is up to experts to express their opinions. When the bright moon was born in the sea, my tears were like pearls. lantian jade Yamanoe, the jade smoke rose continuously, didn't it float out of my heart?

[translation] The bright moon is near the sea, glittering with tears, and the sunshine in Lantian is warm, and the light smoke of beautiful jade rises.

[Necklace] Sharks weep for pearls, and Lantian produces jade. Dreams are shattered, tears become beads, pearls are full of tears, and infinite melancholy; Jade is born underground, still able to smoke, rich in imagination, confused and sad.

4. and a moment that ought to have lasted for ever? Has come and gone before I knew.

[Analysis] The ending couplet adopts rhetorical progressive sentence to strengthen the tone and end the whole poem. "This feeling" sums up the feelings expressed, while "Remembrance of Success" echoes the "Year of Thinking of China". "To be treated" means "to be treated", which shows that this melancholy and sad "feeling" has long been lost and difficult to send, and it is even more unbearable at this time. Zhang Zhongxing used "everything is like a lifetime ago" as a note for this sentence, which is really a broken word.

The meaning of this couplet is very clear, but it should be noted that there is an "anti-fall" in its writing: "and a moment that ought to have lasted for ever" still said that the feeling mentioned above didn't come until today when I recalled the past, so I added "has come and gone before I knew". The implication is that if there was a feeling of sadness at that time, today's recollection will be even more disconsolate, and it is indeed unbearable to look back. My painful lovesickness didn't wait until today. At the moment I fell in love with her, I felt lost.

[Translation] What happened in the past, why reminisce today! Even then, I was already disconsolate.

[End couplet] It's already disconsolate to remember. This time, where did you wait until today? It was there at that time, and today's recollection is even more infinite.

The whole blackboard writing is as follows:

The first couplet is composed of beautiful women playing the drums and playing the harp-listening to the harp, looking back on the past

thinking about the past-it's a long story.

Zhuan Lian Zhuang gave birth to a dream butterfly-obsessed with dreams, as if it were a fantasy.

Jinse looks at the emperor and crows-lovesick. Tears become pearls with blurred artistic conception

Jade is produced in Lantian-jade is buried in the ground, but it can still produce smoke. The tone of the allusion is sad

Do you want to remember the couplet-this time, I feel sad before I can remember it

I have long been at a loss-I am at a loss, and I am infinitely disappointed

Five kinds of understandings:

This poem was written in Tang Xuanzong. Li Shangyin's poetic style is completely opposite to Bai Juyi's. Bai Juyi's poems are well understood by women and children, but Li Shangyin's poems are hard for people who are eager to learn and ponder, especially his untitled poems, most of which have a hazy realm and are difficult to get an exact explanation. Nevertheless, if we read it only from the perspective of artistic appreciation, it can give people beautiful enjoyment. Although this poem is entitled "Jinse", it is not an ode to things, but it is just based on the first two characters in the ancient poetry, so it is extremely difficult to interpret it as an untitled poem.

VI. Common understandings:

1. The pain of missing but not being together; (see poem analysis)

2. Deep mourning for his dead wife (wife Wang);

3. The author's self-injury (beauty dying).

4. Poem about yourself with the ancient instrument (talent and virtue are not used by the world).

5. Love poems (handmaid Jinse)

6. Poems about objects (describing the four tones of music, namely, appropriateness, resentment, purity and harmony, with four sentences in the middle each chanting a tune)

7. The general preface of poetry collections.

VII. Analysis of other understandings

1. The following is an excerpt from a famous contemporary scholar Zhang Zhongxing for reference:

There are always at least dozens of people who have interpreted this poem in ancient and modern times, and the result is naturally different. I sometimes think that it is better to focus on artistic conception than to drum up this splendid instrument with plastic columns. I have tried to understand "I wonder why my inlaid harp has fifty strings, each with its flower-like fret an interval of youth" in this way. It has been half a century in a flash. Looking back on that year, it is a long story. "the sage Chuangzi is day-dreaming, bewitched by butterflies, the spring-heart of Emperor Wang is crying in a cuckoo", once had a dream, once hurt acacia. "mermen weep their pearly tears down a moon-green sea, blue fields are breathing their jade to the sun", but my dreams and thoughts were shattered, and all I got was tears and confusion. "and a moment that ought to have lasted for ever, has come and gone before I knew", looking back now,