Research on fire protection problems and countermeasures of building interior decoration?

What are the specific contents of fire protection problems and countermeasures in building interior decoration? The following Zhong Da Consulting will answer your questions.

Interior decoration of a building refers to the materials or combination of materials exposed on the surface of indoor space, such as interior walls, ceilings, beams, columns and floors. There are many kinds of decorative materials, such as textile wall covering, plastic wallpaper, wooden keel, light steel keel, gypsum board, calcium-plastic board and so on. Using it not only has aesthetic function, but also has sound absorption and heat insulation function. However, most decorative buildings are places where valuables, equipment or people are concentrated. Once a fire breaks out, it will cause serious economic losses and heavy casualties. Therefore, it is of great significance to do a good job in indoor decoration fire prevention and avoid and reduce fire hazards. First, the fire risk of building interior decoration with the rapid development of science and technology, economic construction and the improvement of people's living standards. People's requirements for living and working conditions are getting higher and higher, and the pursuit of elegant, beautiful, comfortable and clean indoor environment has become a social trend. However, due to the lack of fire safety awareness and knowledge, some designers and constructors of interior decoration projects only pay attention to the elegance and beauty of decoration projects, ignoring fire safety requirements, and often use a large number of flammable and combustible materials for decoration, which violates the requirements of the Code for Fire Protection Design of Interior Decoration of Buildings, laying a congenital fire hazard for buildings and bringing great harm to people's lives and property safety. According to statistics, from 1990 to 1996, there were 42 serious fires in interior decoration construction in China, resulting in losses of more than 46 million yuan, with 162 deaths and 93 injuries. 4 in 1990, 2 in 199 1 992, 9 in 1993, 9 in 1994, 1995,/kloc. At the beginning of the fire, due to the small amount of air entering the room, and the indoor decoration materials are mostly polymer materials, such as plastic wallpaper, chemical fiber carpet, modular furniture, chemical fiber decorative cloth and so on. Incomplete combustion produces a lot of smoke and toxic gases. Second, the main problems existing in the interior decoration of buildings at present 1, and the legal concept and fire awareness are weak. Some interior decoration projects of buildings were not reported to the public security fire control institutions for examination or the opinions of the public security fire control institutions were changed without authorization, and they were put into use without acceptance, leaving a congenital fire hazard. There are also some interior decoration construction units and individuals who simply don't know that interior decoration should be reported to the public security fire department. Some decoration units only pay attention to economic benefits, unilaterally emphasize the independent management right of enterprises, ignore the national macro-management, "People's Republic of China (PRC) Fire Protection Law" and "Regulations on Fire Supervision and Management", and put into construction without reporting the design scheme of decoration projects. Some unit leaders hold the views of "emphasizing management, ignoring safety", "early decoration, early opening and early benefit", and are lucky in the occurrence of fires. They would rather spend all their money on luxury decoration than spend a penny on fire fighting. What's more, there are many administrative interventions in some places, and fire laws and regulations are replaced by rights laws and personal opinions, which has buried serious fire hazards and violated the relevant provisions of the Fire Protection Law. 2. The quality of the decoration team is not high, and the decoration site is chaotic. At present, many decoration engineering companies are undertaken by private companies and subsidiaries of the head office, and there are also some inter-provincial decoration companies. Many of these decoration companies do not have construction permits handled by the fire department. According to incomplete statistics, by 2004, there were more than 40,000 registered decoration enterprises with more than 3 million people in China, and the construction site was chaotic, with both decoration and business. As a result, fire hazards increase, personnel are complicated, and workers eat and live at the construction site every day, which is not conducive to fire prevention. Decorative materials are piled up in disorder at the construction site, wires are pulled and cigarette butts are thrown away, which further increases the disaster-causing factors. 3. Alter the design without authorization, and the decoration of the multi-storey contracted decoration unit has not been reported to the fire department. Even if the design is approved, in order to reduce the cost, the function of the building will be changed without authorization, and the flame retardant will be changed to combustible, such as replacing the flame retardant with ordinary polyester chemical fiber products and replacing the light steel keel with wooden keel; Not brushing fire retardant paint, brushing for three times, etc., greatly reduced the fire resistance limit and fire resistance limit of decoration engineering. 4. A large number of flammable and combustible decoration materials are used, which is the biggest problem in decoration. Whether underground or high-rise, many hotels, shopping malls, dance halls and other public entertainment places, in order to pursue luxury and style, use a large number of flammable and combustible decoration materials, with wooden keel, flammable ceiling board and foam plastic board as ceiling decoration; The wall decoration uses flammable wallpaper, wall covering and wooden boards. 5, electrical equipment and wiring design and installation does not meet the requirements of fire dance halls, entertainment halls to install a large number of lighting, audio equipment and mechanical power equipment. There are many electrical equipment and complicated wiring, and many of them do not meet the fire protection requirements during installation. When the high-temperature parts of lighting lamps are close to non-A-grade decoration materials, the necessary heat insulation and heat dissipation measures are not taken, the combustion performance grade of lighting materials is not lower than B 1, the wires are unprotected, the junction box, connectors, switches and knives are exposed, and the short circuit of wires is easy to cause fire. 6. Fire evacuation and fire control facilities were damaged. Many decoration companies don't understand the technical performance of modern fire-fighting equipment. They cut off the fire alarm circuit without authorization while doing electrical wiring, threading in the pipe and hiding the pipe insulation material, hiding it in hanging objects or hanging under the ceiling, narrowing the fire safety passage during decoration, and even completely blocking some safety exits during decoration. In order to decorate beautifully, the fire emergency lighting, a fire evacuation indicator, was blocked and a few fire hydrants were closed. Three. Fire Prevention Countermeasures In view of the fire hazards and related problems existing in the above decoration process, I put forward my own views and several fire prevention countermeasures. (1) Enhance fire safety awareness and gradually implement safety responsibilities. The fire supervision department will hold meetings of the heads of relevant decoration departments from time to time to urge them to do a good job in the design, construction, supervision, completion acceptance and rational layout of the decoration industry, so as to improve the fire safety awareness and technical level of the decoration team. (2) Clean up and rectify the decoration industry team and strengthen the audit of the construction unit. Units engaged in decoration construction should take the initiative to register with the local public security fire control institutions and accept the audit. The public security fire department shall, jointly with the departments of industry and commerce and technical supervision, clean up and rectify the local decoration construction team. Units and individuals that have not obtained the qualification grade certificate, business license, fire permit and work permit for interior decoration shall not engage in interior decoration design and construction business. Offenders shall be dealt with according to the relevant provisions in the Measures for the Administration of Interior Decoration and the Measures for the Administration of Fire Permit for Interior Decoration Design and Construction issued by the Provincial Public Security Department. Strict construction management. (three) do a good job in decoration design and construction personnel training. The public security fire department and the technical supervision department should concentrate their time and train the design and construction personnel in batches on decoration-related laws and regulations and fire protection technical knowledge. Those who have passed the training and examination shall not be allowed to operate at their posts and issue fire protection training certificates. In particular, temporary workers and workers engaged in welding, painting and other special types of work are trained in fire control knowledge, and they are educated to strictly abide by the safety operation rules, understand the fire danger and preventive measures of this type of work, and can only take up their posts after passing the examination. At the same time, it is necessary to formulate feasible fire-fighting plans, carry out on-site fire-fighting drills in a timely manner, and improve fire-fighting ability. (four) to strengthen the inspection and supervision of indoor construction site. The construction units and individuals that fail to report the interior decoration project to the public security fire control institutions for examination and acceptance, or change the examination opinions after examination and approval, and put it into use without acceptance after completion shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Fire Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), so as to ensure the safety of public entertainment places and avoid fire accidents. (five) vigorously carry out the publicity of laws and regulations on building interior decoration engineering. With the support and cooperation of the local government and relevant departments, the public security fire department should publicize the laws and regulations on interior decoration and the technical requirements for fire prevention of decoration materials by distributing publicity materials, using radio, television and posting slogans, just like carrying out fire science knowledge "into enterprises, schools, communities and rural areas", so as to make it a household name. Conditional areas, public security fire control institutions can carry out decoration fire prevention publicity in building materials decoration market and labor market, building materials stores, construction sites and other special places. , so that it is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and reduces decoration fires.

For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd