What achievements did New China have and what humiliation did old China have?

Many achievements have been made in politics, economy, culture, education, military affairs, science and technology, and diplomacy. . .

1949, the liberation war was won and new China was founded.

Tibet was peacefully liberated in 195 1.

The land reform was completed in 1952.

The first five-year plan was implemented in 1953.

1954 the first national people's congress was held and the first constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC) was promulgated.

1964 China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully.

1967 The first hydrogen bomb was successfully tested.

1970 China's first artificial satellite was successfully launched.

197 1 year, People's Republic of China (PRC) replaced the Republic of China to resume its legal seat in the United Nations.

1972 China and Japan formally established diplomatic relations in September.

1976 Jiang Qing's counter-revolutionary clique in the May 4th Movement was smashed and the "Cultural Revolution" ended.

1979 1 China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations.

1982 The Qinghai-Tibet Railway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world was completed and opened to traffic.

1 July 19971day, Hong Kong returned to China and the People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region was formally established.

199965438+On February 20th, Macao returned to China and the People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region was formally established.

1999 Kunming holds the World Horticultural Exposition.

1999 to 2008, Shenzhou-1 to Shenzhou-7 (manned, unmanned and out of the cabin) were successfully launched.

200 1 Beijing's successful Olympic bid.

200 1 China formally joined the World Trade Organization, which accelerated China's opening to the outside world, improved the socialist market economy and made it international.

In 2003, China's first manned space flight, Shenzhou 5's manned spacecraft landed safely, and China's first manned space flight was a complete success.

In 2005, the Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft was launched at 10.

In 2006, Shenyang held the World Horticultural Exposition.

The launch of "Chang 'e-1 (CE- 1)" in Xichang on October 24th, 2007 was successful.

The 29th (Beijing) Olympic Games opened from August 8 to 24, 2008.

From September 6th to September 6th of the same year, 16 Paralympic Games opened in Beijing.

20 10 65438+ 10 1- FTA between China and ASEAN came into effect. This marks the official launch of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.

20 10 May-Shanghai World Expo opens in June 165438+ 10 October.

At 201010118: 59: 57, the Long March III C carrier rocket carrying Chang 'e-2 satellite was launched in xichang satellite launch center.

At 20 10165438+10/0: 26, China launched the sixth Beidou navigation satellite into space by the Long March III C carrier rocket in xichang satellite launch center. This is the fourth Beidou navigation satellite sent by China this year.

2010165438+1October 12-27 Guangzhou Asian Games opens.

20101212-19 Guangzhou Asian Games opens.

20 10 In July, the National Bureau of Statistics announced that the GDP in the first half of the year was 2017284 billion yuan (RMB), an increase of11.0% at comparable prices. According to the current exchange rate and the ratio of RMB to US dollar of 6.7: 1, China's GDP in the first half of the year was about 2,579.7 billion US dollars.

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Modern China (A.D. 1840- 1949)

The modern history of China began at 1840 and ended at 1949. 1840 the opium war to 19 19 the eve of the may 4th movement was the stage of the old democratic revolution. From the May 4th Movement in 19 19 to the eve of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, it was the stage of the new democratic revolution. The whole modern history of China is the history of China becoming a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

The modern history of China began with the outbreak of the Opium War between China and Britain in 1840 and ended with the collapse of the Nanking Kuomintang regime in 1949. It experienced the late Qing Dynasty, the provisional government of the Republic of China, the northern warlords and the national government, and it was a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China that gradually formed and collapsed.

/kloc-In the middle of the 9th century, Britain, France and other western powers successively launched wars of aggression against China, and China's sovereign independence and territorial integrity were constantly undermined, and the contradiction between western powers and the Chinese nation intensified. After the 1970s, the invasion of China by foreign powers intensified, and the crisis of the Chinese nation became more and more serious.

Before the Opium War, China was an independent feudal country. However, due to the decadent, arrogant and complacent feudal landlord regime in the Qing Dynasty, they were completely unaware that they had gradually fallen behind. So the feudal system is at stake. Because Lin Zexu destroyed opium in Humen, Britain took the opportunity to invade China, but its essence was to open the China market and sell opium. 1842, Britain forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-British treaty of nanking, and China became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. After the Opium War, western capitalist powers exported a lot of goods and capital to China through unequal treaties, which gradually impacted the feudal economy of China.

1840, foreign capitalism opened the door of ancient China with strong ships and guns. The Opium War, the Sino-French War, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China were disasters imposed on the Chinese nation one after another. In the past century, almost all capitalist countries in the world launched one or even many wars of aggression against China. There are open invasions and undeclared wars; Individual invasions and even joint looting forced China to sign thousands of unequal treaties. Through these unequal treaties, capitalist powers fostered feudal forces as a tool to rule China; Eating and annexing the territory of China; Sending troops to control and steal China's military territory; Divide the sphere of influence; Control important trading ports and establish concessions; Exercise consular jurisdiction and unilateral MFN treatment; Extortion of huge reparations through war; Dumping goods and exporting capital in China. Colonialism promoted by foreign capitalist powers caused great social, political, economic and cultural turmoil in China, and China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Since then, the people of China have waged a long-term indomitable struggle to get rid of the oppression of foreign capitalism and domestic feudalism.

Since 1840, the crisis of national subjugation and extinction has been threatening this thousand-year-old country. When the Chinese nation was in danger, a generation of national elites woke up: Wei Yuan and others "learned from foreigners to control foreigners"; Anti-Qing peasant uprising led by Hong Xiuquan; Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao's "reform is strong"; Sun yat-sen's national revolution. It was they who stood up at the critical juncture of national life and death, bravely fought against foreign aggression, and strived for national independence and liberation, and wrote an epic and tragic chapter in China's modern history.

185 1 year, Hong Xiuquan called on the peasants to declare an uprising in Jintian and establish the title of "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom". /kloc-in the spring of 0/853, the Taiping Army occupied Nanjing, renamed Nanjing Tianjing and made its capital, and formally established the peasant regime to fight against the Qing Dynasty. 1856, Taiping army destroyed Jiangnan camp and lifted the siege of Tianjing. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom reached its military heyday. 1In the summer of 864, Hong Xiuquan died of illness. Soon, Tianjing fell and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement failed.

1856, Britain proposed to amend the Sino-British treaty of nanking, which was rejected by the Qing government. Britain took this opportunity to provoke the Second Opium War. This time the British and French Coalition forces sent troops to invade China, and the United States and Russia were accomplices. Although the Second Opium War had nothing to do with opium, its essence was the same as the Opium War, so it was called the Second Opium War.

After China was defeated in the Second Opium War, the Qing court was forced to sign the Tianjin Treaty with Russia (1June 3), the United States (1June 8), Britain (June 26) and France (June 27), and the Aihui Treaty with Russia.

1860, the British and French allied forces captured Tianjin again, burning and looting all the way, and Emperor Xianfeng fled to chengde mountain resort, leaving his younger brother Prince Gong to be the minister of peace talks and stay in Beijing. Subsequently, the British and French allied forces looted and burned the world-famous imperial garden Yuanmingyuan in the western suburbs of Beijing and occupied Beijing. And forced the Qing government to sign the Beijing Treaty.

19 From the 1960s to the 1990s, the Westernization Movement was led by Yixin (Zeng Guofan, Zhang Zhidong, etc.). With the development of China's military, civilian and education, the bourgeoisie in China emerged and developed. Establish the first (batch after batch) modern enterprises.

1883- 1885, the Sino-French War and the signing of the Sino-French New Testament marked the opening of southwest China.

China was defeated in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. 1895-65438, the signing of treaty of shimonoseki greatly deepened the semi-colonialism of China society.

1900, imperialist countries launched Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China in order to suppress the Boxer Rebellion and safeguard their interests in China. 190 1 year, the signing of the "Xin Chou Treaty" marked the formation of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China.

19 1 1 The bourgeois-democratic revolution led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen was the first anti-imperialist and anti-feudal bourgeois-democratic revolution in the history of China, which overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended the imperial system that lasted for more than 2,000 years in China and established a bourgeois-democratic republic. It makes the concept of democracy and harmony deeply rooted in people's hearts and gives a painful blow to imperialist colonial rule.

In order to resist the invasion of foreign powers and strive for national independence, the people of China have waged a heroic struggle and started the exploration of saving the nation from extinction. The Westernization Movement aimed at "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth" objectively stimulated the emergence and development of capitalism in China. In order to save the nation from peril and develop capitalism, the bourgeois reformists carried out the reform movement. The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended the autocratic monarchy system in China for more than 2,000 years, and started the modern national democratic revolution in a complete sense. The New Culture Movement impacted the feudal ideological and moral culture and opened the floodgate of ideological emancipation. China is constantly undergoing economic, political, ideological and cultural changes in the environment of being bullied by foreign powers and forced to open up. China's modernization started with difficulty, and its social structure gradually transformed from traditional society to modern society.

19 19 In May, the May 4th student patriotic movement broke out. Students in Beijing shouted slogans such as "Give me back Qingdao", "Abolish Article 21" and "Fight for national rights outside and punish national thieves inside", which developed into a national mass patriotic movement with the working class as the main force in early June. The May 4th Movement was the beginning of China's new democracy. In this movement, the China proletariat began to enter the political arena. On July 23rd, representatives of 192 1, Dong, Chen Tanqiu, He Shuheng, Wang Enbei, Li Da and other local * * * production groups held their first national congress in Shanghai (they were moved to a cruise ship in Nanhu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang), and the China * * * production party was born.

19 19 The May 4th patriotic movement broke out, marking the end of the old democratic revolution led by the bourgeoisie and the beginning of the new democratic revolution led by the proletariat. 192 1 year, the China * * * production party was founded, and the face of the China revolution took on a new look. The first ethnic cooperation promoted the climax of the national revolutionary movement. After the collapse of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the * * * production party launched an armed revolution of workers and peasants in order to resist the rule of the Kuomintang, and began a difficult exploration of the revolutionary road in China.

193 1 year, Japanese imperialism launched the September 18th Incident, and the Chinese nation faced a serious national crisis, and the national anti-Japanese national salvation movement continued to rise. 1935, Japan launched the North China Incident, and the ethnic contradiction between China and Japan rose to the main domestic contradiction. 1937 Japanese imperialism launched the July 7th Incident, and the Chinese nation began its all-round war of resistance. After eight years of bloody fighting, the people of China finally won the complete victory of the first anti-aggression war in modern times.

After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, China faced a decisive battle with two fates and two futures. China's * * * production party made great efforts for peace and democracy, but the Kuomintang government flagrantly launched a civil war with the support of American imperialism. China's * * * production party led the people in the liberation war for more than three years, overthrew the rule of the Kuomintang in Chinese mainland and won a great victory in the new-democratic revolution.

The people of China led by China's * * * production party finally overthrew the rule of the Kuomintang government headed by Chiang Kai-shek in 1949 after four stages: the Northern Expedition, the Agrarian Revolutionary War, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the National Liberation War, and won the new-democratic revolution. From 65438 to 0949, the first China People's Political Consultative Conference was held, which marked the great victory of the people's democratic revolution in China.