The forms of solid friction braking are as follows

1. Brake shoe braking (tread braking) form: Brake shoes made of cast iron or synthetic materials press the rolling wheels, causing friction between the wheel brake shoes, and most of the kinetic energy of the train becomes heat energy, which is finally dissipated in the atmosphere.

2. Disc brake form: Brake pads (generally synthetic materials) are used to clamp the brake discs (generally cast iron discs) fixed on the spokes of axles or wheels, and friction occurs between the upper brake pads and the brake discs.

3. Track electromagnetic braking (magnetic track braking) form: when braking, it is installed under the side beam of bogie frame, and the electromagnet is excited to generate suction with the rail. The kinetic energy of the train is transmitted through the friction between the wear plate under the electromagnet and the rail.