How to choose a residence during the epidemic?

Chinese People’s Ideal House Fang Ming, President of the China Urban Planning and Design Institute

During this epidemic, everyone has begun to reflect on high-rise residences. What kind of houses are most suitable for Chinese people to live in? ? What is the ideal living style and environment? What will the future of housing look like? What is the ideal lifestyle in the future?

1. High-rise residences are not conducive to epidemic prevention

1. High-rise residences accelerate the spread of the epidemic. During the epidemic, everyone reflected on the pros and cons of high-rise residences. This is mainly because China's cities and counties are dominated by high-rise intensive residences. Public elevators, aisles, handrails, door handles, and pipes are the main routes of infection.

2. High-rise residential buildings are not conducive to home ownership. During the epidemic, everyone stayed at home. High-rise residences were like bird cages. It was very uncomfortable and ungrounded to live in. You had to go through the elevator to get some air.

3. There are many problems in comfort and safety of high-rise residential buildings. It is not conducive to the interaction between people, and it is not conducive to maintenance in the long run. With so many high-rise residential buildings in the future, how will they be renovated and repaired? This is a huge problem.

It’s time to rethink high-rise housing! There are many problems with high-rise residential buildings. Low-rise and high-density residential buildings are the ideal living model for Chinese people. Even though the house is almost built, it still requires deep reflection, making amends, and making the right choices.

2. Why don’t Americans live in high-rise buildings?

1. Why are there no high-rise residential buildings in the United States? Most people in the United States live in townhouses and villas. Even slums are townhouses. There are a small number of high-rise apartments in cities. In the 1970s, Pruitt-Igoe, a high-rise condominium designed by Yamasaki, was initially well received by residents for its convenient infrastructure. However, violence soon began to occur in the community and security continued to deteriorate. Therefore, in 1972 In 2006, the U.S. government blew it up again.

At that time, American architecture critic Charles Jencks also commented that on this day "modernist architecture has died." In fact, it reflects many problems of high-rise residential buildings. In fact, there are very few high-rise residential buildings in other countries.

2. Hong Kong’s high-rise residential buildings are a special case. Hong Kong's unique urban development model has chosen a high-rise approach. Hong Kong actually has plenty of land, especially in the New Territories, and it does not need to develop agriculture. This model has led to a very poor living environment in Hong Kong. Hong Kong has the highest population density in East Asia, with about 32,000 people per square kilometer.

3. Overly dense cities are difficult to manage. In cities like Hong Kong, houses are located next to each other, making it difficult to isolate and treat people once an epidemic occurs. Overly dense urban areas are not comfortable, there are no green spaces, and the use of social spaces is very inconvenient.

Only the Chinese (including Hong Kong) live in high-rise buildings in the world, and the newly built residential buildings in counties across the country are mainly high-rise buildings. Danger!

3. What kind of houses are suitable for Chinese people to live in

1. Blindly learn the living model of Hong Kong. When China chooses the way of living, it does not go through very careful consideration. It is said that they went to Hong Kong for inspection because there was insufficient funds for the inspection at that time, and the Hong Kong model was adopted as the main living model in China.

Hong Kong’s residential model, including the system of land bidding, auction and listing, is a very special model. Now it seems that it is a fatal mistake to learn from Hong Kong’s bidding, auction and listing system. As a result of the skyrocketing and abnormal land prices, although it has brought huge benefits to the public finance, it has also brought about inefficiency and great waste of funds, and has also fostered a large number of lazy people who rely on demolition and real estate speculation. Urban parasites.

Our sample is Hong Kong on the other side of the Shenzhen River. Regardless of east, west, north, south, geography, population, climate, economy... big cities learn from Shenzhen, small and medium-sized cities learn from big cities, provincial capitals, and even county towns. This is also a kind of virus spreading, but after spreading for too long, it becomes numb, and a blockage is formed, making it difficult to escape!

2. What are the fundamental causes of high-rise residential buildings? Everyone takes it for granted that high-rise residential buildings have a relatively high floor area ratio. Increasing the land utilization rate is in line with China's national conditions and can also save the actual situation of serious insufficient infrastructure at the beginning of our reform and opening up.

In fact, this is not the case. The floor area ratio of high-rise residential buildings is higher than that of multi-storey residential buildings. There is a limit to the floor area ratio of high-rise residential buildings, especially in northern areas. It can be deduced from historical data that there is no major essential difference in the carrying capacity of urban land between low-rise high density and high-rise low density. For at least a thousand years, the urban carrying capacity data of many counties in China have also supported 1 square kilometer to carry 10,000 people. of this modern urban planning indicator.

In fact, the urban population density of Beijing is 14,502 people per square kilometer, far exceeding the requirements. Saving infrastructure is also uneconomical. The cost of elevator transportation is much greater than the cost of bus transportation, and vertical pipelines are more expensive than horizontal pipelines. High land prices and long land acquisition approval procedures have brought huge costs, forcing developers to continuously increase the floor area ratio and the number of residential floors. Even remote western counties and some small towns are desperately building high-rise buildings. Urbanization sample The land system has become deformed and aggravated urban diseases, and top-level design needs to focus on it.

3. Comfortable area is the pursuit of ideal life. The American dream is a big house, but what about the Chinese dream? The per capita area of ??China's urban areas has reached 39 square meters, and the per capita housing construction area of ??rural residents is 47.3 square meters. The per capita area in the United States is 67 square meters. What is the per capita area in Europe? Germany has 47.5 square meters, France has 45.4 square meters, Italy has 43 square meters, Spain has 27 square meters, Finland has 39.9 square meters, Switzerland has 46 square meters, the Japanese have 38.81 square meters, Singapore has 27.6 square meters, and Hong Kong has 15 square meters. I think the per capita area in China should be 45-55 square meters in the future.

4. Low-rise and high-density buildings are more suitable for China’s national conditions. Administrative leaders and planners like high-rise buildings with low density, so-called public spaces with more space and good visual effects. Most countries and cities around the world have chosen to live in low-rise buildings. Considering that China has a large population and relatively little land suitable for construction, low-rise and high-density buildings are more suitable for China’s national conditions. This not only meets the urban planning requirements of 10,000 people per square kilometer, but is also relatively compact and comfortable to live in. Comprehensive consideration, the floor area ratio is between 1.5 and 2.0, with 4 to 6 floors, which is the most suitable for Chinese people to live in.

After comprehensive consideration, I think China should choose two- and three-story townhouses, four- and five-story stacked houses, five- and six-story garden houses, and a small number of small high-rise apartments as the best options. Go up to the existing high-rise buildings and don’t build new high-rise residential buildings!

5. Room functions will evolve in the future. As life changes, will bathrooms, kitchens, bedrooms, living rooms, and balconies still have the same understanding and understanding as before? In fact, the function of the bathroom has long gone beyond washing and toileting. The kitchen is also undergoing great changes. The bedroom is more consistent and personalized. The living room has increasingly become a place for children's activities and the location of other functions. The study has become more and more popular. Lai increasingly becomes the center of family activities.

4. Duoping is the ideal residence for Chinese residents

1. An innovative form of duplex housing. Here I would like to launch a grand launch of stacked housing. When I went to the United States to investigate the planning system in 2001, I found that even some poor people receiving relief in the United States lived in townhouses. It was rare to see people living in high-rise or multi-story buildings. In the apartment. At that time, I was thinking about why most Americans live in townhouses? Although we Chinese are short of land, our urban population is not large.

After I came back, I tried to stack two row houses on top of each other. The lower one has a small garden and the upper one has a roof terrace. The average household size is more than 100 square meters. The area is not large and there are almost no public stalls. , the quality of living is close to that of townhouses.

2. Reach the economic indicators of multi-story residential buildings. The floor area ratio of stacked houses is similar to that of 6-story houses, which can be more than 1.5, while the floor area ratio of high-rise slab buildings is only more than 2 points. In addition, the economic indicators are better due to factors such as small shared coefficient and high quality. At that time, the China Architectural Design Institute was engaged in real estate development and originally planned to build a 23-story high-rise residential building. I proposed this idea and plan, which was adopted by the decision-makers at the time, and thus the stacked housing was born.

The economics of stacked houses are very good, and the profit per unit price is large. The profits are very high for developers, and it is more cost-effective than building high-rise residences.

It is also very cost-effective for residents. According to the calculations made at that time, the usable area of ????the apartment is cheaper than that of high-rise residences because the shared spaces in high-rise residences are too large.

For a city, the floor area ratio is not low at all. The floor area ratio of this community is the same as that of the National Olympic Village next door. The National Olympic Village uses nine-story small high-rise residential buildings. Affected by the proportion of high-rise buildings, the residential area has the same floor area ratio. The green space in the house is not very big, but the area of ??the public area is as much as 25 square meters. A house of 250 square meters appears smaller than a house of 180 square meters. The prices of second-hand houses in the market are similar in the two communities, but Guoao Village is a high-end residential community built with the efforts of the country. Diepin was invented at the time to create ideal housing for Chinese urban residents.

3. An experience similar to that of a townhouse. Stacked houses can be close to townhouses in terms of comfort and comply with the current restrictive policies for villas. They can also provide good economic returns to developers. At the same time, the utilization rate can also be satisfied for cities. It should be said that Diepin is the most suitable residence for Chinese people.

It is a pity that although stacked houses are widely spread in various places, everyone regards them as high-end residences. In fact, they were originally invented for ordinary living by most people, and they just wanted to use this kind of stacked houses. The condominiums replace ordinary high-rise residences, allowing everyone to buy condominiums with the money they spend on high-rise residences.

Unfortunately, now that the average per capita in China has reached more than 40 square meters, most people still choose to live in high-rise residences with 3 bedrooms and 2 living rooms.

5. What will the future of housing look like?

1. The house of the future must be smart. In the future, everything will be connected and everything will be interconnected. He is thoughtful and wise, and can communicate with us and discuss with us. Every house should have a brain center and this brain center should be a part of the family.

Like a relative, he is a housekeeper. As long as the owner has any needs, he can use his brain or verbal control, and the house will be executed immediately. Each room has a wall full of LCD screens, which can be seamlessly adjusted at any time. Information exchange and control.

2. Future residences should be machines for changing activities. According to different families and different periods of time, some partitions can be flexibly combined, and the indoor functions and decorations can also change. For example, the function of the living room can be used to receive guests, work, or be used as a concert hall. The decorations can also change accordingly, as can some guest bedrooms. It can be changed. When no guests come, it can be turned into a study or a leisure room.

Some outdoor spaces can also be retracted, such as balconies that can be extended. A 36-square-meter versatile house designed by Master Clani, who is known as the contemporary Leonardo da Vinci, has three different functions. The first level is the living room, the second level is the dining room, and the third level is the bedroom. In the corner of the house there is a changing machine.

As different functional options change the nature and layout of the house, the space remains unchanged and the functions change, turning 36 square meters into 108 square meters.

3. The homes of the future will be organic life forms. Traditional buildings are all inorganic. Future residences must have a wall that is organic and made of green biomass, which can breathe, generate temperature and humidity, and can change the microclimate of the home. The rain garden designed on the balcony of Yu Kongjian’s home is a good organic example. wall part. The homes of the future must be healthy, with air and water detected and filtered, and sunlight temperatures monitored.

4. Future homes should also be emotional. It can sense the owner's emotional changes, provide care, and communicate. The owner may be homesick, happy, or reflecting. He can provide some corresponding ambient music, background music, and environmental images. Even the feeling of air and smell, this cinema 4D technology has long been solved. Sitting at home, you can switch to sea mode, forest mode, desert mode, hometown mode, etc., and you can immediately be immersed in the scene.

5. The future residence is a cultural product. Houses are not only used for living, but also as carriers of culture. Our traditional houses are themselves a cultural heritage. A series of cultural stories such as carved beams and painted pillars, kings and masters of heaven and earth, and couplets should be passed down to our future houses.

6. Future residences will reflect value.

Nowadays, a house can easily cost tens of millions. How is its value reflected? How do industrial products reflect value? Watches can be set with diamonds, but what should our houses be set with? Precious metals, valuable stone, wood, exquisite and valuable fired pottery products, or something else?

The epidemic has brought about the early arrival of the Internet age. Families account for an increasing proportion. Our residential functions and other functions must make corresponding changes. Office functions have increased, and the requirements of the Internet are more and more important. Comprehensive. Developers must grasp the future situation and provide products that meet needs, and designers must guide the direction of design.

6. Ideal urban and rural living space

Grasp the development trend of urbanization, choose the correct form of living, create high-quality space, and create an ideal lifestyle.

1. Learn from the compact and efficient core area of ??Tokyo, Japan. Japan's population density is much greater than that of my country, but isn't Tokyo still dominated by 8-story residential buildings, townhouses and even villas? Tokyo’s mixed layout adopts smart city concepts.

We should not place too much emphasis on sunlight spacing in the old city. Unified standards cannot be used in new and old cities. If we choose too strict sunlight spacing standards in the city center, the economics of development in the old city will be affected. At the same time, it also has an impact on the image and vitality of the city, destroying the original city texture. The sun spacing standard in the old city should be 50% of the normal spacing.

The functions of the old city are complex. Due to historical reasons, the scale of the city is relatively small. The advantage lies in the convenience of life. The Soviet residential community model was not conducive to urban traffic and vitality, and was more suitable for suburbs.

2. Learn about the rich and colorful cultural space of Taiwan, China. Culture is often not easily implemented into space. Cultural space is the quality that cities need to improve in the future. Taiwan, China, has been relatively successful in building cultural spaces. Taking Eslite Bookstore and Taipei International Art Village as examples, they have created a new development model:

Cultural and creative business models, including cultural and creative retail and specialty catering , theater-style commercial space, exhibition space and other models, they combine cultural creativity and commerce to create a unique commercial experience space.

The products under this model are sentimental, well-designed, high-quality, and can be embedded in local culture. They have unique product shapes that are cute, pleasant, practical, and ingenious.

The Tongluo cultural space in the central highlands of Vietnam covers multiple provinces and nearly 17 ethnic minorities belonging to Pacific-Asia and central and southern Pacific island groups. These people live by traditional agriculture and develop their own Craft traditions, decorative styles and house types.

3. Explore the intertwined areas of Singapore-style cityscape. Singapore Garden City has a land area of ??710 square kilometers, a green area of ??9,707 hectares, a green coverage rate of 50%, and a per capita public green area of ??18.74 square meters. It is a veritable green city. This territorial spatial planning will open up the ecological pattern.

4. Create German-style urban suburbs. There is often a forest or a river in the urban center of Germany, but the countryside has modern facilities that are indistinguishable from the city. After the epidemic, the suburbs around the city circle will be the focus of development. The integration of urban and rural areas can not only enjoy the convenience of the city, but also enjoy the ecology of nature. It is an ideal place to live. We must plan in advance and plan and build it to high standards.

5. Yearn for a Phoenix-style small town with vibrant characteristics. Phoenix is ??known as the most beautiful small town in China, with mountains and rivers surrounding it, rich culture, pleasant scale, convenient living and full of vitality. But from a national perspective, high land prices and lengthy land acquisition procedures will inevitably give rise to high-rise residential buildings. Even remote western counties and some small towns are desperately building high-rise buildings. Top-level design needs to focus on!

6. Looking forward to Li Ziqi’s poetic rural life. Pastoral pastoral has always been the pursuit of the Chinese people, and poetic rural life is everyone's dream. In Tao Yuanming’s Peach Blossom Spring, “The land is flat and vast, with well-groomed houses, fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees, and bamboos.

Traffic on every street, chickens and dogs hearing each other..." was the ideal life of ancient people. Now Li Ziqi advocates that everyone grows their own food, cooks it by themselves, eats it by themselves and experiences pastoral rural life. It is held in some rural areas on the outskirts of big cities. It is becoming popular again. Call on the state to allow the sale of a large number of vacant rural farmhouses to people in cities who yearn for rural life. 7. The ideal life in the future after the epidemic begins

1. The future. An ideal life: half a day working efficiently in the city, and half a day living at home in the countryside. This epidemic has given rise to the ideal life of the future, where everyone cannot go to work and stay at home.

2. Living in the suburbs of metropolitan areas. In the future, with the further convenience of intercity rail transportation and the further application of Internet information, future life will break the boundaries between urban and rural areas. We can live in rural areas or suburbs.

3. Work on the Internet every day. I spend half of my time working and living with my family. I got on the subway at 9:30 in the morning and was in the office within an hour. I worked for an hour and a half. At noon, I had lunch with my colleagues for emotional exchanges. In the afternoon, I worked again. Half an hour later, the sun was shining brightly and I was back home at 4:00. I could work with my family and children while also experiencing family life.

4. High-quality public services. These places have high-quality public transportation services and the guarantee of high-quality life provided by the Internet and express delivery.

5. Love the landscape and leisure travel life. Nowadays, many places have built new residential areas in metropolitan areas. On the outside of the circle, some of these future communities have been built in some beautiful places. Many new residential areas have been built in Weihai's Yintan, Bama's Kangju, and Shennongjia's Xingshan.

The epidemic has already revealed this future life in advance, and our future residences should be adjusted and adapted to this.

8. Transform old urban communities into more culture and quality

1. The direction of functional integration and renewal. New business formats, new life, and new cultural and creative industries. In the past, the old residential areas in the city may have a mixed layout in the future, not just a simple one. The residence can be a hotel, an office, or a studio. This new business type is a service industry that will explode in the city in the future. It will also adapt to the future smart era when people are liberated from work and have a large number of people. At the same time, these old communities are often the creative bases of artists and writers, such as 798 and Shougang Cultural District, which are old factory areas in the past.

2. Era style. The style of our era: chaos, conflict, and diversity. If the style of the Republic of China is expressed in European style, and if the style of the Cultural Revolution is represented by the slogans of big-character posters, then the style of our reform and opening up in the past few decades is What? I think chaos, conflict and diversity are the style of this era. We must face up to this style and not avoid it. We must sort it out because society in this era is the most turbulent and culture is the most conflicting. The economy is most uneven. The most diverse culture, European style, Chinese style, Eastern style, modern style, post-modern style, Huizhou style, Diaojiaolou style, etc. All kinds of cultures collide here. Maybe after many years, everything will return to normal. For balance, if you look back at the architectural style of this period, you will find it so distinctive. I remember that one year, a new LV bag used the red and blue woven bag pattern used by Chinese migrant workers. It is also a symbol of the era. Imprint is also the inheritance of a cultural symbol.

3. New property rights are the driving force for the renovation of old communities. With the advent of aging, it is most economical to renovate old communities, which must reflect cultural evolution and enhance colorful old communities. Most of our old communities were built in the 1980s and 1990s. Forty or fifty years have passed now. They have also become cultural neighborhoods. We must treat them well, enrich them, and improve them. The improvement of functions is the most important, especially for elevators, which not only solve the problems of the elderly, but also solve the comfort problem. We must actively explore the government spending money to build elevators, or rent them, or transfer the property rights of the newly added transportation parts to the original residents.

The renovation of old communities has actually brought about an increase in the value of housing. We must actively mobilize the enthusiasm of residents to spend their own money to improve the quality and value of their homes. I think the transfer of property rights is the most important. The new traffic area is a big deal. The wealth is also the ultimate source of funds for the renovation of old communities.

Repair the situation before it is too late! Today, when urbanization is at an inflection point, and when the development of national central cities and urban agglomerations is the main focus, it is even more important to do a good job in top-level design and not make the same mistake again and again. The epidemic has brought everyone to calm down and reflect. We should think about it carefully! Reader's Digest Magazine