Chen, the founder of Jinan University, visited the famous flowers and their tombs in the late Qing Dynasty.

Many ancient tombs were found in the fourth cultural relics survey in Guangzhou. Some are large-scale and well-preserved; Some of them have a long history and have certain historical value. -A famous tomb in Luogang District, Guangzhou-Chen's tomb, which was hand-picked to explore flowers in the late Qing Dynasty, is one of them.

First, weeds, hidden graves.

Chen Tomb is located in Jinfengling, Huangpi Village, Luogang Street, Luogang District, Guangzhou. Surrounded by weeds and mountains, it is inaccessible, and the towering Chinese watch is faintly visible in the height. This tomb, which faces south, is large in scale, imposing and well preserved. The whole tomb covers an area of about 200 square meters, which is the tomb of the mountain hand ash sand. First-class ridge protection. From north to south, they are: the earth tablet behind the tomb, that is, the Chen Shan Lailong Stone Tablet; In the middle of the tomb is Lianzhou bluestone tombstone with a relief pattern of auspicious clouds arching the moon. The tombstone is engraved with the tomb of Chen Gongbotao, a scholar given by the Qing Dynasty and awarded by Dr. Rong Lu to Joe and Jiang Ning. On the left and right sides of the hanging list in front of the tombstone, there is a small stone lion crouching on a small square column with the fourth word written on it. There is a bluestone epitaph on the right, and the epitaph on the left has been destroyed. There are seven steps at the front desk, and a pair of stone lions at the second level are carefully carved. The fourth word, Kerwin Chen, is written on the base of the stone lion. The first step has a pair of granite tiles, about 5 meters high. The huabiao is cylindrical with a small stone lion at the top.

The epitaph used to be two stones, but now there is only the back stone in the cemetery, and the front stone is gone. Some fonts have fallen off and are unrecognizable. According to the epitaph volume 2 1 written by Chen in the Complete Works of Qing Dynasty Inscriptions, it can only be completed. Because of its importance, it is recorded as follows:

Epitaph of Jiangning scholar Chen Wenliang

Jun, the words are as beautiful as Chinese and sharp. He is from Dongguan. Great-grandfather Yun Dao, Zu Mengsong, father Wei Ming, Xianfeng Renzi Fugong. The whole city depends on it when the county magistrate and the village soldier are wiped out. These three generations were valued by the monarch and appointed as their officials. Mrs Ye Feng has good taste. You are very talented. You have been familiar with classics since you were a child. It visits teacher Chen's door. During the Guangxu period, Mao led the first place in the township and recommended himself. I'm-I'm ugly. I'm in the closet. Ren Chen, the third student in Class A, was appointed as the editor-in-chief. Deputy examiner Yun, editor-in-chief Wu, deputy editor-in-chief of Life, proofreader of Museum, editor-in-chief of National History Museum. During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, things were urgent, and Dai Hongci invited dozens of people to invite the prince as the ruler. The Boxer Rebellion was in chaos, and the two palaces embraced the west. You couldn't keep up with him, so the exhibition conveyed him. The law has changed. Please go to the upper court and ask Assistant Minister Dai for advice. You said, don, I can't change it because of the conference management office. In order to prepare the draft, the four benefits of the meeting are listed as follows: collecting collective strategies, encouraging talents, frustrating the enemy's plans, and issuing announcements. You can go to the newspaper. Year after year, Huai-Su was divided into provinces, Japan and Russia were formed, and the three northeastern provinces were recovered. Everything went to the meeting. Third, life walks in the southern study. In the afternoon, I went out to Jiangning to publicize my studies, worship practical learning, sincerely serve the people, and set an example; The floating fee for provincial schools is 6.5438+0.02 million yuan to promote industrial and dialect schools. In July, he was appointed by Jiangning. Make an annual plan, find out, and lose 92 thousand silver a year. Sigh: Since the New Deal took off, it has spent more money than that. In winter, when the two palaces are driving side by side, the overseers will call the police in Hubei and Anhui provinces. Now the staff are in a hurry. Please ask Governor Zhang to transfer his troops to Shimonoseki, threatening that the Anhui rebellion has been decided, and his heart is relaxed. Unitary may and t

Shao Qian, Shao Le, Shao Zhi, Shao Tang and Shao were buried in Anshichang/KLOC-0, Guangzhou on March 24th, 999. With the gesture of begging for an inscription, I know that you are late, but I know that you are deep, your academic loyalty, and everyone who has enough books has taken the trouble to write down an inscription, saying: only the wise are afraid of gradual progress, but the frost knows the ice. Everyone has his own pleasure in obscene language. Remember the past, learn from the future, and have a wonderful discussion. Take advantage of elegance. Although you have a secret plan, a group of people are happy. Without independence, Japanese cars will turn over. Tracking rivers and seas, Tian Yize. Zeng Zhunmeng, probably denouncing Yang Mo. Life saved against the great classics. If you swallow your pride, you will die. Very depressing. It's really depressing For thousands of years, this isolated palace has been endowed with brilliant spirit.

By comparison, the epitaph in A Brief Explanation of Laozi's Motto is slightly different from that in the cemetery. First, there are only eight grandchildren in Chen's epitaph, but there is no specific grandson name; Ten grandchildren are engraved on the tombstone: Shao Shun, Shao Qian, Shao Le, Shao Yi, Shao Zhi and Shao Tang. The inscription on the epitaph should be the time of burial, and the designation of his grandchildren should be accurate. Second, the epitaph written by Chen only buried the sun of a mountain on a certain day; The epitaph was engraved on1March 24th, 998. You were buried in a city in Guangzhou, often in Jin Feng. Because Chen's epitaph was written before Chen was buried, the time and place were unclear, so it was not indicated. Therefore, the epitaph recorded above refers to the epitaph contained in the Torah Sutra, which is subject to the cemetery tombstone.

Second, the examination room is proud and has a successful career.

Chen, whose real name was Xiang Hua, was later renamed 91 Yong Road, Kowloon. Hitoko Xianfeng is the son of Chen Ming. Feng Yong, Tang Zhong Town, Dongguan City. Chen was very clever when he was young. Chen Li studied in Guangdong University in his early years. At the age of ten, he read through the Five Classics. Guangxu five years, 25 years old, after having obtained the first place. In the 15th year of Guangxu, he took a cabinet book, taught in Xi 'an, and went to Li Wentian, where he gained the mystery of calligraphy. In the 18th year of Guangxu, 38-year-old Chen Ke was appointed as a scholar, and he was as famous as Cai Yuanpei, Zhang Yuanji, Zhao Xi and Tang Shouqian. Gong Kao won the third place with the first place, was appointed as a flower explorer, and was awarded the editor of the Hanlin Academy. He has served as deputy examiner of Yunnan-Guizhou-Shandong provincial examination, proofreader of Wen Yuan Museum, editor of Wuying Museum, editor-in-chief of National History Museum, and first-class consultant of Constitutional Compilation Investigation Museum. In the 24th year of Guangxu, under the witness of Gua Tou Wen, Prime Minister Li Hongzhang left behind the American yamen minister representing China and Gordon representing Britain, and forcibly rented out a large area of land in Baoan County and 235 surrounding islands together with the waters for 99 years. In the 26th year of Guangxu, Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi went to Shaanxi to pay their respects. After the two palaces returned to Beijing, in the thirty-first year of Guangxu, they entered the Zhinan study. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu, he was sent to study in Japan. After returning to China, he served as an ambassador to Jiangning and two ambassadors to Jiangning, advocating practical learning and getting rid of heresy. Nanjing has established a dialect foreign language school and a school for overseas Chinese children in Jinan. 19 1 1 President of Guangdong Education Association. After the Revolution of 1911, he lived in seclusion in Kowloon City, Hong Kong. His residence is called Trichosanthes, and Trichosanthes was planted outside the door of Dongling Hou, which made him fade out of officialdom and concentrate on writing. His works provide valuable reference materials for future generations. 1930 On August 20th, he died in his apartment in Kowloon, Hong Kong, at the age of 76.

Third, I study hard and write a lot.

Rola Chen

The rest of his poems, sung by Song Taiqiu, examined various local chronicles and many works at that time in detail, and then sorted them out, including biographies and poems. There are more than 20 people, and there are 290 people in Song and Ming Dynasties. These two books respectively recorded the past events of local adherents of the Song and Ming Dynasties, and became necessary books for future generations to study the Song and Ming Dynasties. It lasted for six years and was highly praised by historians. When he compiled the Hong Kong Kowloon Filial Piety, he needed to quote it as evidence. Unfortunately, he can't find it anywhere. He was very sad, so he took Chen Lian's old writings, rummaged through the historical database, and sorted out the newly collected ten volumes of Chen Lian's Poems, still called the Complete Works of Qing Dynasty Inscriptions, which were handed over to the printing house at that time by Judetang. Zhang Qigan is a good friend of Chen, a Dongguan native and a classmate of Chen. The Kangxi Wanjuan Hall, which has been collected at home for 60 years, was originally the complete works of the Biography of Qing Dynasty Inscriptions. When he learned that Chen was compiling a special article to expand the border of Hong Kong, but he wanted to cite the records of the adherents of Dongguan in the Song Dynasty as evidence, he couldn't find it anywhere. Zhang Qigan took the initiative to borrow his rare books for his reference, and helped Chen Wan compile 100 volumes of "Records of the Adherents of East Guangdong Winning the Dynasty". Biography of Five Loyalties in Dongguan in Ming Dynasty: Imitating Ruan Yuan's Theory of Filial Piety and the Style of Modern Southern History. After six years of reading, 98 volumes are accompanied by four volumes of Sha Tin Chronicle, accounting for more than 654.38+300,000 words. Attached are four volumes of Sha Tin Chronicle, which record in detail the origin, history, management and use of Dongguan Mingluntang real estate, namely Sha- 10000 hectares and Sha Tin 6700 hectares. Left precious historical materials for future generations. Chen Shi is an excellent bibliophile. After his death, his last words donated his book to the concept of crispmash. After that, Luo Fu established Daotong Library, which mainly collected books from Trichosanthes kirilowii.

Fourth, build a school that will benefit future generations.

The concept of crisp mash mentioned above is located in Luofu Mountain Valley in the northwest of Boluo County, Guangdong Province. Ge Hong was founded in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, named "Beishi". According to legend, it is a mystery that Qin's wonderful life will visit the goddess in Xuanqiu and make wine in Shanhaiguan. After getting drunk, she breathed water and dew into crisp mash, and they each left in a racing car. Its taste is like crisp mash, which is scattered all over the sky, so it is named crisp mash view. It has been revised and supplemented in past dynasties. Chen studied hard here in his early years. Based on this view of reading, Chen, the abbot of Su Lao Museum, lobbied Chinese at home and abroad to use Chinese capital to run schools in order to revitalize China. Thus, 1906, the dialect school and Jinan school, the predecessors of Guangzhou Jinan University, were founded in Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. Jinan School is the first national overseas Chinese school established in China for macro education.

The government aims to cultivate Chinese, Putonghua and various sciences for overseas Chinese students. The word Jinan comes from Wu Meicun's poem: it faces the sea in the east, quicksand in the west and crescent moon in the south. Sound education has reached the end of the world. That is to face the ocean and spread the excellent culture of the Chinese nation to the whole world. Later, it moved to Shanghai, and 1927 was renamed as National Jinan University. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he moved to Jianyang, Fujian. 1946 moved back to Shanghai. 1September, 949, merged with Fudan University and Shanghai Jiaotong University. Jinan University in Guangzhou was rebuilt on 1958 today.

5. Love is power, worrying about the country and the people.

Chen's thoughts can be used for reference from his works, poems and self-reports. In his self-report, he said that people who talk about moral integrity flourished in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the custom in Guangdong Province was to be proud of martyrdom and ashamed of attachment. If the country dies, we should make full use of ourselves. What is its phase? Loyalty can also be called loyalty. Therefore, there is no biography of our Guangdong scholar-officials in Chen Er. I am the pride of Cantonese, and I am proficient in customs because of modesty, which is unprecedented in his province. From this we can know his values. When compiling the manuscript of Yuan, he wrote biographies of Yuan Chonghuan and Su. When he lived in seclusion in Kowloon, he was called the imperial clan Qiu Xiao (he must be the son of Yu). When he arrived in China, he made a scene in the west and took Jiazi with him. Then the mountain collapsed and cried. After the Revolution of 1911, the revolutionary army invaded Guangzhou, and he lived in seclusion in Kowloon, loyal to the monarch and homesick, so that he often went to Songwangtai to reminisce about the past and the present, singing and crying, showing his yearning for the dignitaries of the previous dynasty. A Huang Guan in the view of crisp mash, together with ancient adherents, is still old and cold. This shows his loneliness. Chen's study of Taoism and Confucianism created his sympathy for the weak, and he expressed his concern for the country and the people in his poems. This can be seen from the supplement of his poem "The Chronicle of Luofushan, Visiting the Poor and Asking for Bitterness". The poem says: There are three houses by the roadside, the kettle is broken and the bed is torn down. Widows look sad, orphans are crying in their arms. Ask the parking widow, when to say goodbye to her husband, her hands are yellow and thin, and she is full all day? The widow told me that there were three strong children, two of whom had starved to death and were abandoned on the barren hillside. He admired the people's bravery and heroes and missed Old Master Q, so he couldn't serve the country, so he had to live in seclusion and write down his feelings in a book.

Sixth, cultural relics investigation, to solve the suspense.

Chen has a certain influence in history. The discovery of his tomb has added connotations to Guangzhou, a famous historical and cultural city, such as discussing names, hanging poems and records, which provides good materials for people to study it. On September 2, 2004, an article was uploaded in Dongguan County Records. The fourth cultural relics survey in Guangzhou found many ancient tombs, two of which were hidden in downtown areas, including Chen Bo, who was hand-picked to explore flowers under subtitles.

There is a suspense about where Tao was buried, and there are reports in Chen's tomb. However, the report said that what puzzled experts was that Chen's grandson, who was born in Dongguan, reported that Chen also had a cemetery in his hometown. From the photos, the shape, surrounding environment and even damaged parts of Chen's two tombs are very similar. Is Chen buried in Dongguan or Guangzhou? Experts said that they would go to Dongguan to visit Chen's tomb in Dongguan to solve the suspense. In order to find out the truth, I visited Dongguan and visited the cultural relics department. I learned that there is only Chen's former residence in Dongguan, which was announced by Dongguan people and listed as a cultural relic protection unit by Dongguan municipal government in 2004, but Chen's grave has never been found. This is written by Chen's grandson.

There are also some photos of Chen's tomb in the book, with the words Chen. After two years of searching, S's tomb is located in Dongguan. After careful identification, what is contained in the photo is actually the tomb of Chen found in Guangzhou now. We went to the scene to investigate and saw the China watch, stone lion and tombstone in the photo with our own eyes, which is still fresh in our memory. Let's take a look at the inscription in front of the tomb, which reads: where does the inscription say a city in Chang is? Chang 'an City: Formerly known as Huangpi Market, also known as Lian 'an City, is located in Huangpi Village, Xuli. Founded in the 19th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 1 year)

Volume 2 1, A Record of the Adherents of Won Dynasty in Guangdong, written by Zhang Xuehua, a native of Jiangning, Chen Wenliang.

Record of adherents of Dongguan in Song Dynasty

On the Name: The Record of the Adherents of Eastern Guangdong Winning the Dynasty

Song Dongguan County Records

On Name: Dongguan County Records

Luogang Town Government, Baiyun District, Guangzhou: Qin, 84 pages, 200 1.