I am a sixth grade student and I am about to take the graduation exam. Please provide me with some words that are easy to make mistakes, as well as more important words. Thank you!

(1) From the perspective of word selection

First, pay attention to the pronunciation of polyphonic words

1. Determine the pronunciation according to the word combination. There are many polyphonic words in which one pronunciation only appears in one or a few words, so we can memorize the pronunciation of some polyphonic words by remembering less and not more, and determining the pronunciation according to the word. For example: "Bury" is pronounced mán only in "blame", but mái is pronounced everywhere else. In addition, words such as "山, zuo, valuate, deflate, wait, shrink, shout, iron, earn, Ji, flat, disease" all have this phenomenon.

2. Determine the pronunciation according to the meaning of the word. There are many polyphonic words whose pronunciations only appear in words with certain aliases of the word, so we can memorize the pronunciations of some polyphonic words by remembering the special ones instead of the general ones. Such as: threshold, Qiao, Qiang, servant, Yin, Pao, run, tremble, mold, fresh, kudzu, dismantle, knot, preserved, Bo, Liang, Yinhang (only pronounced háng when expressing the throat, the rest are pronounced kēng) singing loudly, Shunman (only pronounced wàn when referring to a thin and long stem, otherwise pronounced as màn) Mogua, Qiang (only pronounced as jìng when expressed as strong and powerful, otherwise pronounced as jìn), surname Xiao (only pronounced as xiào when expressed as a surname, otherwise Pronounced xiāo).

3. Determine the pronunciation according to the style of language. There are many polyphonic words that have different pronunciations in written and spoken styles, so we can determine the pronunciation of some polyphonic words according to different language styles. Such as: blood, peel, cedar, ripe, color, chew, thin, give, plug, peel (pee bō peel, peel bāo orange), arrest (arrest the big arrest, arrest the criminal), le (clinch the horse; pull the horse off the cliff) The pants are tight).

4. Determine the pronunciation according to the part of speech. There are many polyphonic words that have different pronunciations in different parts of speech, so we can judge the pronunciation of some polyphonic words based on the part of speech. For example: Chuang (creation; creation), San (scattered; slow, prose), Chu (processing; place), fu, zang, animal, etc. can all be pronounced according to the part of speech.

5. Determine the pronunciation according to the etymology. There are many polyphonic words that have different pronunciations in words from different sources, so we can judge the pronunciation of the word based on its origin. Such as ka (pronounced in foreign words; pronounced in domestic words), da (pronounced in foreign words; pronounced in domestic words)

The second is to pay attention to the pronunciation of words with similar shapes.

1. Misread as radical or half. Affected by the way of making phonetic characters, many characters have different ancient and modern sounds. If you read them according to their phonetic characters, you may make mistakes. Such as: good and bad (yǒu) are mixed, covetous (xián) wants to drip, zhi (zhì) is exposed to the wind and rain, deafened and enlightened (kuì).

2. Ignore similar words and misread them. Affected by the similar shape of the character, the visual offside is read into the pronunciation of the similar character. Over time, a wrong fixed thinking is formed. Such as: terminally ill (huāng), violent destruction of natural resources (tiǎn), negative corner (yú) stubborn resistance, sneaky (suì).

The third is to pay attention to the pronunciation of easily readable typos.

Words that are prone to typos are rarely used in spoken language, but they are more commonly used in written language. Moreover, according to the general pronunciation rules, we often mispronounce them. This type of word is often chosen by question-answers, and it is also the word that students are most likely to make mistakes with. This requires students to seize every opportunity to be exposed to a large number of typo-prone words when preparing for the exam. There are three methods. One is to pay attention to the phonetic words in the textbook, the other is to take a certain number of test questions, which usually include a large number of easily misspelled words, and the third is to find and recite some information about these words. In a word, it is to deepen the impression through a lot of practice, not to ignore it, nor to spend too much effort on preparation.

(3) From the perspective of candidates answering questions

First, carefully review and read the questions. Reviewing the question carefully means looking clearly at the question requirements, whether you have chosen the correct one, or the wrong one, and whether there is one more wrong one, or two wrong ones.

Reading the question carefully means carefully and accurately inputting the information in the four options into the brain without making mistakes. In particular, do not unconsciously change the wrong pronunciation in the options into correct information according to your usual reading habits and input it into the brain. If you misread the question or the options, you will either make a "directional" mistake, increase the difficulty of the test out of thin air, and have two or three options that are difficult to choose from, or answer the question incorrectly and still feel good. For example, in item d of 1996, "trace (jì) sister (jiě) sister set (zài) singing and dancing", if the "sister (jiě) sister" is perceived as "sister (jiě) sister" according to habit, and the other party is not clearly seen, In terms of glyphs, one item that would have been easy to exclude is regarded as the correct item.

The second is to associate, enumerate and compare relevant knowledge. When faced with difficulty in choosing, candidates can list relevant knowledge based on the knowledge points involved in the test questions, achieve correct identification through multi-angle comparison, and select the correct answer. For example, in 1997, it was required to select an item with completely correct pronunciation. "Scenery (qí)厎" in item b and "End (sù)" in item d were easy to exclude, while "mark (zhì)" and c in item a The "participation (yǔ)" in the item is difficult to identify. At this time, other words with "and" as the morpheme can be listed: "with it, Xiangyu, being kind to others, Xianhe Xinxin". Then look at which word "participation" has the same meaning as "and", and determine the pronunciation of "and" in "participation" by referring to the pronunciation of "and" in this word. "Xianyu Reform" appears in the textbook. By comparing this word, it can be judged that the "and" in "participation" should be pronounced yù. This is a contingency measure when you encounter a word that you are indecisive about.

The third is to use the elimination method to answer quickly. Under normal circumstances, we can answer the question by combining positive affirmation and side elimination. When we read the question, we should first eliminate the very obvious and absolutely wrong options. Otherwise, we will make the mistake of wrong thinking and never be able to choose the correct one. Answer. For example, in item b in 2001, "níng, secrete (bì), zī (zī) tirelessly", based on existing knowledge, we first see that the "secret" in "secret (bì)" should be pronounced mì, and you can immediately Choose the correct answer b.

During the review process, we should also pay special attention to the pronunciation of some idioms. The reasons why candidates mispronounce idioms can be grasped from the following aspects.

1. Mispronounced as radical or half

Affected by the picophonetic character creation method, the ancient and modern pronunciations of many characters are in different places. If you read it, you may make mistakes. Be sure to pay attention to the words before the brackets below. (The correct pronunciation is in brackets)

Good and bad (yǒu) not all together, greedy (xián) eager to drop (zhì) wind and rain, deafening and enlightening (kuì)

One kick (cù) But sharing the same enemy (kài), spitting (tuò) can be of no use (bì) to the matter

The worm (pí) or the flying fox shaking the tree looks at each other (qù), the painstaking efforts are solitary (yì), and the tenacity (kè) is unswerving

Dry (hé) Ze Eryu, far-sighted (zhǔ), rummaging through boxes and boxes (qiè), wet the ears (rú), stained the eyes

Stubborn (bì) all-in-one (zhì) for one's own use (zhì)

2. Ignore the similar characters and misread them

Affected by the similar characters, the vision is offside and the pronunciation of the characters is similar to the zigzag. Over time, an erroneous definition is formed. Potential thinking.

To be terminally ill (huāng) to be violent (tiǎn) to be in a corner (yú) to resist and be sneaky (suì)

to be evil without restraint (quān) to have bad intentions (pǒ) to be in full swing (tú) Rely on (shì) to let go

Prepare for a rainy day (móu) Pull (yà) seedlings to encourage growth Yan (yǎn) calm down, cook beans and burn 萁 (qí)

3. Neglect Polyphony and polysemy cause mispronunciation

Polysyllable and polysemy are quite common in Chinese, and they can also cause certain obstacles to the pronunciation of idioms.

Speak bluntly: Jia (gǔ) brings trouble to oneself (jǐ) is self-sufficient and vain (fěi) is thin and makes mistakes (chāi)

Like a cannon (páo) to control the weak (jīn) to have a big belly (pián) lose three and fall (là) four

4. Misunderstanding caused by ignoring specific grammatical phenomena

Some words in idioms still retain ancient pronunciation. If ignored, they will also cause misunderstanding.

Self-pity (yì) A burst of violence (pù) Ten cold pictures with a dagger (xiàn) Falsehood and regret (wēi) Snake (yí)

Of course, candidates must pay attention to the text during review In the following notes, we strive to expand our literacy outside of class and develop the good habit of looking up the dictionary. We should also pay special attention to those polyphonic characters that are often wrongly pronounced, characters with different pronunciations, characters with similar shapes that are easy to make mistakes, and pictophonetic characters with unpronounced sounds.

This test center cannot be rushed like other test centers. It can only start from all aspects of our daily life. It is important to prepare for a rainy day. We can prepare in the following ways: First, we must use Mandarin when we speak, and the pronunciation must be accurate, otherwise there will be "sequelae" that will affect test scores; second, try to pay attention to the teacher's pronunciation during class (of course it must be standard) Or pay attention when listening to the radio or watching TV news; the third is to look up the dictionary diligently and develop the habit of picking out other people's mispronunciations in daily life; the fourth is to practice and kill every one you see; the fifth is to catch the special, these The pronunciation of words is often quite special, so it should be treated separately and focused on memorization.

Plate 3. Looking back at the classic college entrance examination

1. (2004? National Volume C) The following group of braille phonetic notations are all correct:

Persistence/end/pregnancy/concise and concise/

a. zhuó shù shēn gāi

b． zhuó shù chén hái

c． zhú sù shēn hái

d． zhú sù chén gāi

Reference answer: a. a respectively reads zhuó, shù, shēn, and gāi.

2． (2004? National Vocational and Technical Examination) The following set of braille phonetic notations are all correct:

Zhu/Thinking about temporary/temporary and/Xinni sharing the same hatred/

a. zhuó zhàn hé qì

b． zháo zhàn huò qì

c． zháo zàn hé kài

d． zhuó zàn huò kài

Reference answer: d. d is pronounced zhuó, zàn, huò, and kāi respectively.

3. (2004? Beijing Volume) Among the following groups of words, the one with the same pronunciation of the underlined words is

a. Order/orderliness, wind and rain, volume/numerous, unique/

b． Yihong/Qingquan Macroscopic control Curved arm/and pillow Hong/Hu's ambition

c. Qiangyabi/lian has insightful remarks/Zang Fou/character is addicted to books/

d. Happy/on the festival, full of admiration, thousands of horses in silence/xin/fragrant fragrance filling the courtyard

Reference answer: a. Read all a. b "humer" is pronounced gōng, and the rest are pronounced hóng. In c, the word "bi" is pronounced pí, the word "pi" is pronounced pì, and the words "fou" and "qi" are both pronounced pǐ. "囑" in d is pronounced yīn, and the rest are pronounced xīn. Accordingly, choose a for this question.

4. (2004? Fujian Volume) The phonetic notation of braille in each of the following groups of words is completely correct:

a. tempeh (gū) complain (mán) share the same hatred with the enemy (kài) perfunctory (hū)

b. Fangran (fǔ) dull (nà) accomplice (chāng) aggressive (duō)

c. Fall (zháo) bewitch (gǔ) shine brightly (chèng) sing loudly (háng)

d. brave (xiāo) threaten (xié) ten thousand horses in silence (yīn) wash and rinse (shuàn)

Reference answer: d. a "豉" is pronounced chǐ, "豉" is pronounced fū. b "怃" is pronounced wǔ, and "内" is pronounced nè. c "Zhu" is pronounced zhuó, and "锃" is pronounced zèng. d is all correct, so choose d.

5． (2004? Guangdong Volume) The group of dotted words in the following words that have exactly the same pronunciation is

a. Promotion/promotion, ashes/go to/see, advance/retreat dilemma, silent/like a chilling cicada

b. Flashing/huge/big looking back/matchmaker/words/several/uncommon

c. Encounter/unexpected profanity/blasphemy cunning/disdain/a glance at the Getai Dance Pavilion/

d. Sin/bite/teeth Nirvana/bad/obvious traces/creeps/sneaks

Reference answer: a. a is read in full jìn. b "苏" is pronounced sù, and the rest are pronounced shuò. c "黠" is pronounced xiá, and the rest are pronounced xiè. d "bad" is pronounced liè, and the others are pronounced niè.

6． (2004? Hubei Volume) Among the following groups of phrases, the one with different pronunciations of the braided characters is

a. Whip / slack / tongue coating / relaxed and happy / invincible in a hundred battles /

b. Barrier/remains/impeachment/turbulent waves/waves concise and concise/

c． Hobby/hobby: 蜜/荔, giant/remote/soil, chop/cut the waves

d. Strong/strong, deposed/clumsy/bad, aggressive/forcing, dwarfed by comparison/

Reference answer: c. a. "笞", "moss", and "伊" are pronounced chī, tāi, and yí respectively, and "lazy" and "瀆" are pronounced i. b. "邂" and "寅" are pronounced as hé, "篂" hái, "瀅" hài, and "赅" gāi. c "Qi", "蜜", "擘", "Xiao" and "PI" are pronounced pǐ, bì, bò, pì and pī respectively. d. "芜", "倌" and "Duo" are pronounced zhuó, zhuō and duō respectively, and "络" and "绌" are pronounced chù.

7. (2004? Hunan Volume) The pronunciation of the braille characters in the following groups of words is the same as the given phonetic notation.

a. False jiǎ summer vacation/false/throat false/verbal false/mimetic style

b． Supply gòng oral confession/supply/marketing agency supply/confess, supply/exceed demand

c. Jiao jiǎo Jiao/membrane plays the leading role/intrigue/rare/

d. Crown guān Crown/Crown/Heart disease Yi Guan/Chu Chu Crown/cover facing each other

Reference answer: d. a The "vacation" in "summer vacation" is pronounced jià, and the rest are pronounced jiǎ. b The word "confession" in "confession" and "confession" is pronounced gòng, and the rest are pronounced gōng. c The word "jiao" in "to play the leading role" is pronounced jué, and the rest are pronounced jiǎo. d reads guān in full.

8. (2004?Jiangsu Volume) The group of dotted words in the following words that do not all have the same pronunciation is

a. Pay a visit / Choke / Liquid / Crystal, abandon armor and drag / soldiers, reward / underachiever

b. Piety/sincerity, Qian/Kun, agent/ke, subtly/subtly, Guizhou/Donkey has no skills

c. Foothills/bribe/window/wheel kill/work together mediocre/do nothing

d． Qian/Mo is thrifty/stingy Pianqian/Qianqian/junzi pulls/forces oneself to the point

Reference answer: d. Item a is pronounced yè in full. Item b is pronounced qián in full. Item c is read lù in full.

In item d "Pianqing", "蹹" is pronounced xiān, and the rest are pronounced qiān.

9. (2004? Liaoning Volume) The group of dotted words in the following words with correct pronunciation is

a. compatriot (pāo) surging (pài) nurture (pǔ) educate pickpocket (pá) steal

b． Radish (bo) because (wèi) its (qí) him potential (qián)

c. Quality (zhì) Blood lipid (zhǐ) Eliminate (qū) Remove Struggle (zhēng) Tie

d. Burning firewood (chái) just now (cái) cutting (cái) cutting jackal (cái) wolf

Reference answer: b. a "屯" is pronounced bāo, "山" is pronounced bǔ; b is correct; c "fat" is pronounced zhī; d "Jackal" is pronounced chái.

10． (2004? Tianjin Volume) The pronunciation of the dotted words in the following words is exactly the same:

a. The true meaning/outlaw/filial piety/ripe seeds/falling off the target/targeted

b. Shelter/servant/comparable/mei Jian/Lu Lanlu headstrong/self-use

c. Post/station descendants/assumption/judgment energetic/self-pity/self-pity/

d. Hobby/hobby Confrontation/devour/rely on/cai proud things lick/affectionately

Reference answer: c. a "悌" is pronounced tì, and the rest are pronounced dì; b "比" is pronounced pì, and the rest is pronounced bì; c is pronounced yì; d "志" is pronounced zhì, and the rest are pronounced is.

11. (2004? Zhejiang Volume) The group of dotted words in the following words with correct pronunciation is

a. Parking (bó) Ship (bó) Japonica rice (gěng) Myocardial infarction (gěng)

b. To attract (lái) to favor (1ài) to discuss (qiē) to carve jade railings (qì)

c. Stupid (zhuō) depose (chù) couple (háng) sing loudly (kàng)

d. Old enemy (sù) Xingxiu (xiù) Appropriate (dāng) Mantis' arm acting as a chariot (dàng)

Reference answer: b. a "糳" is pronounced jīng; b is correct; c "伉" is pronounced kàng, and "倭" is pronounced háng; d "dang" in "appropriate" is pronounced dàng.

12. (2004? Chongqing Volume) The pronunciation of the dotted words in the following words is not exactly the same.

a. Yuanxiu/embroidery/sleeves/show/waihuizhong milk smell/wet dry

b． The old woman/curved/straight, dispelled/removed the trend/inflammatory attachment, bent/beat into a move

c． Tear/tears drawer/vigilance/romantic/suave scapegoat

d． Show/face, simple/hemorrhoids/fistula/fish that slipped out of the net, unforgettable/unforgettable

Reference answer: b. a is pronounced as xiù; b "妪" is pronounced as yù, and the rest are pronounced as qū; c is pronounced as tì; d is pronounced as lòu.

13． (2004? Spring College Entrance Examination Paper) Among the following groups of words, the one with completely different pronunciations of the dotted words is

a. Border/hammer/beating/beating is within reach

b. He/this hillside/wave/wave is exhausted

c． Dian/pei, anger/responsibility, meticulous/secret, angry/looking at the eyes

d． Stand/stand up/end/babble/speech from ancient times to the present

Reference answer: b. The pronunciations of "bi, po, bo and wei" in b are different. The pronunciations of "岲, Chui and Chu" in a are the same; the pronunciations of "anger and anger" in c are the same; the pronunciations of "Zhi" and "End" in d are the same, and the pronunciations of "屹 and呓" are the same.

14. (2003? Beijing Spring Volume) The pronunciation of braille in the following groups of words is completely correct.

a. shackles (gù) abnormal (jī) shape exposed (bào) ten cold stubborn (bì) self-use

b. Shape (suò) to create, blazing (chì) hot, stunned (chēng) dumbfounded, done in one move (cù)

c． Fermentation (jiào) Resentment (mèn) In full swing (tú) Moo (mò) Ma Libing

d． Qian (qián) crouch, feast (yán), look at each other in astonishment (qù), salivate (yán) three feet

[Reference answer] c. This question uses a combination of two compound words and two idioms in each group, focusing on the pronunciation of pictophonetic characters. As the phonetic characters have evolved, some of their phonetic characters have changed, so they need to be carefully examined. The "exposure" in item a should be pronounced pù; the "plastic" in item b should be pronounced sù; the "saliva" in the top of d should be pronounced xián.

15． (2003?Beijing Volume) The pronunciation of the braille words in the following groups of words is completely correct ( )

a. Whip (tà), tick (tī), remove, shelter (bì), protect, sing (dàng) and cry

b． The horns (jué) chase each other (liào) look at each other (pí) next to each other, and the 睚禦 (zì) must be repaid

c． Rough (guǎng) annihilate (qiān) destroy, mourn (dào) read, Ke (kè) persevere

d. Jealousy (jī) jealousy deposed (chù) exempted (zhěng) saved layered view (jiàn) repeated

[Reference answer] b. a "笞" is pronounced chī; c "歼" is pronounced jiān; d "jealous" is pronounced jí.

16． (2002? Spring College Entrance Examination Paper) The pronunciation of the braille characters in the following groups of words is the same as the given phonetic notation:

a, number shǔ number/shuo number/volt innumerable/number/ Dian Wangzu

b, Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi of Dian Wang Wen Zong and Dian Wang Wang Wen Wang Wen Wang Yuan Wang Wangan Wangan Wangan Wangan Wangan Wanganan Wang Zuan Wang Zuanzuo Zuanzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuizizizizizizizizizizizizizuzuzizuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzizizizizizizizizizizizizuzizizuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzunzu ancezuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzuzusdianzu from Dian Wangzu sdian that that shí with knowledge shí with knowledge that that gained this with knowledge from his parents from acquaintances. Domineering

d. Mó mó model/model/mold/ambiguous pretense/pretend

Reference answer: a. The "knowledge" in item b "knowledge and strong memory" is pronounced zhì; the "horizontal" in item c "bossy and domineering" is pronounced hèng; the "model" in item d "mold" and "pretending" is pronounced mú.

17. (2002?Beijing Volume) The dotted characters in the following groups of words are all the same as the given phonetic notations.

a. ji jì ji/shi relief/jiji/yitang futile/useful

b． no fǒu no/definite no/then no/extremely Tailai deny/deny

c． Hair fà hair/spray beard hair/not allowed to hair/make people hair/finger

d. Bian biàn will/rice will/look at convenience/easy to act potbellied/

Reference answer: c. The word "jiji" in item a is pronounced as jǐjǐ; the word "no" in item b as "不jitailai" is pronounced as pǐ; the word "poop" in item d as "big belly" is pronounced as pián pián.

18. (1998? National Volume) The pronunciation of the highlighted words in the following groups of words is the same as the given phonetic notation.

a. Error chā Error / Wrong Error / Poor / Satisfactory Poor / Comfortable

b. Solution jiě solution / solution escort / solution / number all over the body without asking for a complete solution /

c. Stop sè to block/frontier/close your eyes/listen to perfunctory/responsible

d. Tip tí, lift/refine, beware/guard, mention/gangqiaoling, ear lift/face command

Reference answer: b. This question tests polyphonic characters. The "jie" in "escort" in b should be read jiè; the "fortress" in "border fortress" in c should be read sài; the "ti" in "beware" in d should be read dī.

19. (1997? National Volume) The group of dotted words in the following words with correct pronunciation is

a. Jie (nì) mud mark (zhì) violent waste (tiǎn) natural objects

b. Match (pí), joke (xuè), beautiful scenery (qí)

c. Participate (yǔ) impeach (hé) trial time (duó) potential

d. Struggle (yǔ) End (sù) Qi (qǐ) Worry about the world

Reference answer: a. The word "旖" in item b should be pronounced yǐ; the word "and" in item c should be pronounced yù; the word "旖" in item d should be pronounced shù.

20. (1996? National Volume) The following words highlighted in red have correct pronunciations and correct meanings in the word:

a. Qi (qǐ) Li Zhen (jiān) Yan Milk smells (xiù) not dry

b． Lei (lèi) platform, bright (jiǎo) clean, scroll (zhì) voluminous

c. Kill (qiāng) harm Pu (pǔ) jade Sai (sài) Weng loses his horse

d． trace (jì) sister (jiě) sister carry (zài) sing and dance

Reference answer: b. "Proverbs" in item a should be pronounced zhēn; "Pu" in item c should be pronounced pú; and "sis" in item d should be pronounced zǐ.

Plate 4. Science test-taking skills

(1) Phytophonetic characters are mostly tested due to their large number and high error rate in reading in daily life.

Phonetic characters are characters composed of a phonetic and a phonetic character. The phonetic character indicates the pronunciation of the character. However, there are also many changes: the pronunciation of some pictophonetic characters completely corresponds to the phonetic pronunciation of the character, or even Even the tone does not change, such as "ambience (fēn) wai", "蜚(fēi) sound", "女帻(zé)", etc.; some only change the tone, such as "怃(wǔ)Ran", " "Disturbed (wěn) chaos", "Zhao (zhèng) friends", etc.; some only pronounce the finals of the rhymes, such as "suck (shǔn) suck", "light 任 (tiāo)", "relief (zhèn) Ji", etc.; Some even have nothing to do with the phonetic pronunciation, such as "瞠(chēng)目", " Alcoholic (xù) wine", "Narrow (ài)", etc. Some follow the sound, some change the sound, and so on, which brings convenience to the question giver, but brings great inconvenience to the candidates. Therefore, candidates should be fully prepared for the test of pictophonetic characters and not take it lightly.

The number of pictophonetic characters tested in the six years since 1995 (two of which did not test pronunciation) has reached no less than 50, with an average of nearly 10 characters tested each year. In 2002, the pictophonetic characters even became a special Exam content. Among them, the wrong pronunciations were noted: "abnormal (qí) shape" (1995), "Zhen (jiān) words, Pu (pǔ) jade, sister (jiě) sister" (1996), "Scenery beautiful (qí) Ni " (1997), "Secretion (bì)" (2001). It was comprehensively found that the reasons leading to misunderstandings and wrong annotations (of course the wrong annotation by the question maker has a certain purpose) are as follows.

1． The phonetic notation is based on the phonetic pronunciation, that is, "reading half of it". This method of reading and notation is often wrong.

In 2001, the word "secretion" appeared in the test paper with the sound "必 (bì)", which is a wrong pronunciation. In fact, the word should be pronounced "mì". Similar ones include "abnormal (jī) shape", "beautiful scenery (yǐ) naughty", "motivation (zhēn) words", "xin (shēn, not pronounced xīn) Xinxuezi" and so on.

2． Characters with the same sound and different shapes are phonetically notated using the pronunciation of the common pronunciation. This method of reading and notation is often wrong.

The pictophonetic characters with the part "qie" are generally pronounced as "zǔ" (frequent pronunciation) in our subconscious mind, such as "ancestral", "zu", "zu", etc. However, if the "sniper (jū)" of "sniper" and the "anthrax (jū)" of "anthrax" are pronounced as "zǔ", they are obviously mispronounced. Similarly, "posthumous (shì) number" does not read "posthumous name (yì or ài)", "knees (xī) GE" does not read "knees (qī) GE", "hungshi (piǎo)" does not read "hunger" (fú)” and so on.

3. It is often wrong to use the phonetic pronunciation of characters with similar or similar shapes.

The word "guǎng" in "rough" is similar in shape to "kuò", but "kuò" cannot be pronounced as "kuò". Similarly: the "chì" in "rectify" is not pronounced as "shāng (injury)", the "repair (qì)" in "repair" is not pronounced as "róng", and the "feed" in "raise" is not pronounced "sì)" is not pronounced as "cì (servant)", "ne (nè)" in "stupid" is not pronounced as "nà (Na)", etc.

(2) Polyphonetic characters are also the focus of the college entrance examination.

Polyphonic characters, as the name suggests, means one character has multiple sounds. In Chinese, the phenomenon of polyphony in one character is mainly the phenomenon of tone changes or different sounds caused by the multiple uses of one character. For example, when "和" is used as a preposition, it is pronounced "yǔ"; when used as a verb, it is pronounced "yù". "Tone change" means that the sound has the same tone but is different, and "different sound" means that the pronunciation is completely different. The key to the pronunciation of a word is to identify it according to the word context resulting from its multiple uses. If it is a single word, there will be no inflection or heterophony. Therefore, in the process of memorizing polyphonic characters, we can also understand and memorize them based on the context of the words.

Since 1995, there have been 18 polyphonic characters examined. Even in 1998, polyphonic characters became a special examination content, which undoubtedly increased the difficulty of identification. Among them, the wrong pronunciation was noted in "tuò 片" (1995) and "Participation (yǔ)" (1997). Combined with the discovery of "wrong pronunciation", the examination of multi-phonetic characters has the following rules:

1. It is often wrong to use the basic pronunciation of polyphonic characters to notate them.

The word "quiet (qiǎo)" in "quietly" is a wrong pronunciation if it is pronounced as "qiāo" sound (basic sound). Similar ones include: "mán" in "blame" is not pronounced as "mái", "páo" in "Paolao" is not pronounced as "pào", and "tà" in "rubbing" is not pronounced as " tuò", etc.

2． The basic pronunciation of common polyphonic characters will not be tested in the test.

Basic pronunciations such as "quiet (qiāo)", "buried (mái) buried", "cannon (pào) bomb", etc. are known to women and children. If they are tested, they will not meet the test. The effect of candidates acquiring knowledge does not reflect the question-producing level of the question-maker.

3. Questions will be asked about the basic pronunciations of common multi-phonetic characters that are prone to misunderstanding or confusion.

For example, the word "shao" in "feel calm and impatient" is read as "shǎo" instead of "shào", the word "jin" in "although" is read as "jǐn" instead of "jìn", "not as good as one's expectations" The word "strong" in "强" is pronounced "qiáng" instead of "qiǎng", the word "ji" in "无help" is pronounced "jì" instead of "jǐ", etc.

(3) There will be no test questions for partial characters, strange characters, and non-common characters.

"Recognizing the pronunciation of modern Mandarin Chinese" requires candidates to communicate and express emotions with correct pronunciation in real life, rather than requiring candidates to make a fuss about uncommon characters. Otherwise, it will be If it misleads the candidates, the college entrance examination will fall into a quagmire from which they cannot extricate themselves.

(4) Questions will be asked to test the pronunciation of typos that are customarily easy to read.

In their daily living habits, people often mispronounce some words unconsciously, especially speakers with strong dialects, who have more mispronunciations. Therefore, examiners play a very important role in correcting these mispronunciations so that Mandarin can be used correctly and comprehensively. Therefore, the pronunciations of characters that have become habitual mispronunciations have become the first choice of test takers. These pronunciations should arouse the candidates' great attention.

For example, "qián" does not read "qiǎn", "punishment" does not read "punishment", "end" )" do not read "end (sù)", "Qing (qīng) skew" do not read "Qing (qǐng) skew", "atmosphere (fēn)" do not read "atmosphere (fèn)", "press (àn) Zhao" Do not read "press (ān) Zhao", "acupoint (xué) position", do not read "acupoint (xuè) position", "ala (āi) sigh", do not read "ala (ài) sigh", "绯 (fēi) ) Wen" do not read "绯(fěi)文", "file (dàng) case" do not read "file (dǎng) case", "temporary (zàn) time" do not read "temporary (zhàn) time", "hate ()" zēng) hate" instead of "hate (zèng) hate" and so on. As long as you are good at using these words in your daily life, you can generally avoid mispronunciation.

(5) Exam Trends

Looking at the pronunciation test questions from 1995 to 2003, there are basically two types: one is a mixed test type of pictophonetic characters and polyphonic characters, such as 1995, 1996, 1997, and 2001; the first is a single examination type of pictophonetic characters and polyphonic characters, such as 1998 (polyphonetic characters) and 2002 (pictophonetic characters). Formally, it changes from a form with pinyin to a form without pinyin. In the future pronunciation test question types, it is possible to continue to use the previous two types, especially the single test form "without pinyin", because the "Instructions" have clearly pointed out: the content, test question format, and ability requirements of this year's college entrance examination will continue Stay steady. However, in addition to the 2002 examination format, several other examination formats can be derived from the "without pinyin" format, which should also be noted.

1． A single multi-phonetic word test format, such as:

One of the following words with the same pronunciation in braille is:

a. Little known, shameless, often seen, rarely seen b. Complaints abound, wind and snow carry the road, once-in-a-lifetime publication

c． Hide dirt, hide dragons and crouching tigers, be rich in minerals, treasures d. Don't be impatient, be rare, be strange, be young and old, and be poor. Answer: d(shǎo)

2. Homophone test format (this format was adopted in 2003)