Directional walking method for directional walking

basic skill

The discerning person (also known as the blind guide) stands on the left or right side of the blind person as needed, and then gently touches the blind person's back with the back of his hand or tells the blind person that he will be guided.

The blind man's hand touches the elbow joint up along the arm of the discerning person, and then gently holds the upper part of the elbow joint, with the thumb on the outside of the elbow joint and the fingers bent inward.

Blind people should keep their elbows close to their bodies to prevent them from swinging left and right when walking.

When walking, the blind should always be about half a step slower than the discerning.

pay attention to

Blind people should pay attention to the arm movements of discerning people when walking, because the arm movements of discerning people can give blind people a signal and let them know how to walk.

The arm of the blind person holding the discerning person should be one inch above the elbow, which is convenient for the discerning person to move, open the door and take things.

When walking, the blind should walk half a step behind the discerning person, so that once encountering obstacles, the blind person has enough time to take the necessary response to the signals sent by the discerning person's body or language.

If the discerning and blind people walk in an open place, such as grass or sports ground, they can walk hand in hand.

A discerning person who wants to leave the blind should not leave the blind alone in an empty or dangerous place (such as a ditch or a cave), but should take the blind to a place where he can touch it (such as a chair, a railing, a wall, a tree, etc.). ) make the blind feel safe.

A discerning person should tell the blind person to leave and let him know that he is alone now, otherwise the blind person will continue to talk and let others see that he is talking to himself. Afterwards, blind people will feel stupid, which will hurt their self-esteem.

Remember: the blind should always follow the discerning. A discerning person should not push the blind behind him, which will put the blind in danger. Blind people should not put their hands on the shoulders of discerning people, but follow them directly; Although this can give the blind a sense of security because of the physical protection of the discerning person, if the blind person stumbles or loses his balance, he will fall forward and push the discerning person, which is very dangerous, especially in the nearby places where there are many cars.

Go through a narrow passage

When the discerning person and the blind person pass through a narrow passage or encounter obstacles, only one person can pass through, and special methods should be used to make the blind person walk directly behind the discerning person. The specific approach is:

The discerning person will straighten the arm held by the blind person and cross it behind his back to signal the blind person to pass through the narrow passage or directly tell the blind person to pass through the narrow passage.

After receiving the signal, the blind man will pass through the narrow passage, straighten his arm holding the discerning hand, step back half a step, and lean to one side as a response after receiving the signal, positioning himself behind the discerning person for a whole step.

After passing through the narrow passage, the discerning person restores his arm to its original position, and the blind person also returns to the position half a step behind the discerning person.

Remember: when passing through a narrow passage, the blind person lags behind the discerning person by a whole step, and the arm is straight, otherwise it is easy to step on the heel of the discerning person when walking, causing danger.

180 steering

When the discerning person leads the blind to the end of the intersection or meets some obstacles and needs to turn, the turning skill of 180 can be used. The specific approach is:

The discerning and the blind stop, make a 90-degree turn with each other, stand face to face and keep in touch.

The blind person holds the other arm of the discerning person with the other hand and lets go of the arm that used to hold the discerning person.

The two sides make another 90 turn, face the forward direction and continue walking.

Throw it at each other.

Seeing people lead the way to the blind, they often encounter situations of too many people, narrow roads and unequal roads. In order to ensure the safety of the blind, it is necessary to change sides, that is, transfer the blind from the discerning to the other side. The practice is as follows:

The discerning man told the blind man that it was time to change sides, and put the arm held by the blind man behind his back, and the fingertip just touched the elbow joint of the other arm.

The blind man uses the other hand to move from the back to the other side along the arm that the discerning person puts on his back, and holds the other arm of the discerning person well.

In the process of changing sides, it is best for both sides to keep in touch all the time, so as not to make blind people feel insecure. For an old partner who cooperates tacitly, both sides don't have to stop, just slow down a little, but for the discerning and blind people who cooperate for the first time, it's best for both sides to stop and move on after changing sides.

Through the door

Blind people should stand on the hinge side of the door, otherwise they need to be replaced.

Tell the blind whether to pull the door towards them or push it forward.

The discerning person opens the door with the holding hand, and the blind person follows the discerning person's hand with the other hand to find the door handle.

If the doorway is narrow, you can go through a narrow passage. If there is a threshold, stop for a while and tell the blind that there is a threshold to avoid tripping.

Let the blind pass by and close the door with the hand holding the door handle. If there is someone behind, tell the blind to avoid hurting others.

Go upstairs (downstairs)

Tell the blind to go up (down) the stairs, and tell the blind whether there are railings on the stairs. If there are railings, blind people will feel more comfortable with their backs against them.

The discerning man and the blind man stopped at the stairs and told the blind man to walk about half a step and stand side by side with the discerning man. Blind people can test the edge of stairs with their feet.

When going upstairs (downstairs), the discerning person should take a step ahead of the blind person.

A step should only go up one level.

After going upstairs (downstairs), the discerning should stop for a while to let the blind know that the stairs have been finished before continuing.

pay attention to

Blind people don't need to count the number of stairs when they go up (down).

When going upstairs, lean forward; Lean back when you go downstairs to avoid tripping and rolling down the stairs.

Find a seat

The discerning man took the blind man to his seat and put his hand on the back of the chair. If the chair has no backrest, put your hand directly on the chair surface.

The blind man fumbled along the backrest with his other hand. See if there is anything on the seat, and then sit down.

When blind people sit down, it is best to hold the backrest of the chair with one hand to prevent the chair from sliding, and hold the edge of the chair with the other hand to ensure that they sit in the middle of the chair.

If the chair is under the table, the discerning person needs to put one hand of the blind person on the backrest and the other hand on the edge of the table, and then the blind person pulls out the chair and sits down.

After the blind man sits down, put his hands on both sides of the table and adjust the position of the seat.

Remember: check whether the chair is empty before sitting; When groping for the seat with your hands, don't lean forward too much to avoid bumping.

by car

Standing by the car, the discerning person puts the hand held by the blind man on the door handle and tells the blind man the direction of the car. Connect the blind man's other hand to the roof.

The blind man opened the door and got on the bus. Sit down on your side and put your hands open on the roof.

The blind man slammed the door.

If you take a bus, you can:

The discerning man put the blind man's empty hand by the car door.

Guide the blind to get on (off) the car by going up (down) stairs.

After entering the carriage, you should immediately lead the blind to sit down or let the blind hold the handrail.

Take the subway

At the subway station, if you meet an elevator. When leading the blind to take the elevator, first lead the blind to stand on the leather mat in front of the elevator.

Let the blind man put his hand on the handrail and step on the electric stairs at the same time.

When you get to the terminal, you'd better tell the blind to get out of the elevator at the same time.

Lead the blind to the ticket gate, queue up to buy tickets, and lead the blind to the ticket gate.

When passing through the ticket gate, please ask the blind person to give the ticket to the ticket inspector for inspection, and then go upstairs (downstairs) to reach the platform.

After the train enters the station, remind the blind to cross the gap between the platform and the carriage and guide the blind to enter the carriage.

After entering the carriage, guide the blind to sit down or let the blind hold the handrail tightly.

When using the above methods to guide the blind to go out, it is best to actively use language guidance. For example, there is a pond on your right, turn right, and there is a big tree here. This will not only keep close contact with the blind, but more importantly, help the blind to form a psychological map of the route they have passed.

Protective skills of walking alone

Hands-on protection law: this law can protect the blind from the impact of low branches, open windows, cupboard doors and other similar items. The practice is:

Lift your left arm or right arm at shoulder height.

When a joint bends, it forms an obtuse angle (greater than a right angle).

Palm outward, fingers open and straight.

Fingers are best placed in front of the other end of the body.

pay attention to

Don't let your forearm close to your face, leave enough distance so that when you touch an object, you can have enough time to react.

When encountering high obstacles, such as ropes, bars, etc. You can also lift your forearm and put your fingers in the air.

Hand protection

Mainly used to protect the body below the waist from lower objects. The specific approach is:

Put your left arm or right arm straight in the middle of your body.

Palm inward, fingers can bend slightly downward.

Keep your arm at a distance of about 20 cm from your body, so that you can have enough time to react when you encounter obstacles.

pay attention to

The distance between the arm and the body should not be too big or too small. Too big, it will show blindness; It is too small to effectively detect the obstacles ahead.

Shoulders should not be stretched forward, but should be naturally straight.

Follow-up walking (also called walking along the wall)

When walking in the corridor, you can walk along the edge of the wall or other objects in order to determine your position and keep a fixed contact with the environment and find your destination. The specific approach is:

The blind man stands next to the object he wants to track, keeping a distance of half a step from the tracked object.

Straighten your arm close to the object, make your arm in front of your body, and touch the object with your little finger and forefinger.

Fingers down, slightly bent.

Be sure to remember.

Touch the object gently with the back of your hand, otherwise you will scratch your fingers;

The outstretched hand should be in front of the side of your body, not too close to your body, so as not to have enough time to stop when you find an obstacle in front.

How to use a blind stick

Selection of blind employees

The length of the blind stick. The length of the walking stick for the blind should be determined according to a person's height. Generally, the length from the ground to the middle of the waist and shoulder line is selected.

Texture of blind cane: Standard blind cane is generally made of light and hard aluminum alloy. There is no standard blind cane, but you can also use a strong but not heavy, long and straight, not too thick wooden stick or bamboo pole instead. It is best to use bamboo sticks, because bamboo sticks are sensitive and light to detect water, not cold in winter, and the sound of knocking on the ground is crisp, which is convenient to judge the distance by echo. In order to keep beautiful, you can decorate it with white and red paint, which gives people a good psychological feeling.

Basic skills of using a blind stick

Basic grip: put your thumb above the cane, with the tiger's mouth facing up, your index finger pointing straight to one side of the cane, and the other three fingers bending under the cane. Straightening the index finger on one side of the blind stick helps the blind to know the position of the end of the blind stick (touching the ground) at any time.

Wrist movement: After holding the crutch, the wrist will naturally swing from side to side like a fishtail, so be careful not to move your arm. The end of the blind stick should touch the ground on the left and right sides in front of you. Don't always point to one side or one side, and point to the other side too much, which will make the end of the stick move unevenly.

Position of the arm: The position of the arm plays a decisive role in whether the blind can walk in a straight line. The most suitable position is that the hand holding the staff should always be placed on the midline of the body, with the elbow slightly flexed and close to the body. If the blind cane is held on one side of the body, it will change direction because it is not straight when walking.

Swing of the blind cane: the width of the blind cane swinging from left to right should be slightly wider than the width of the shoulder, and the swing height is about 5 cm from the ground. The end of the stick is about two steps away from the body (about l meters).

Step: move the end of the blind cane to the right and move your left foot forward; The blind stick moves to the left and the right foot moves forward. That is, the end of the blind stick always touches the next foot.

Rhythm: When the blind man's heel hits the ground, the end of the blind stick also touches the ground, and the two movements occur almost simultaneously. It is best to paddle the blind stick back and forth at a fixed speed.

Please pay attention to the following questions

The end of the blind stick is always close to the ground. You can't lift the blind stick off the ground and point it forward, which will bring danger to others.

When walking, the blind stick should touch the ground gently to avoid the stick head being stuck.

Don't jump from one side to the other at the end of the blind stick, or you will miss the obstacle in the middle of the road.

Remember: the blind stick is used to protect the safety of blind people when they walk, so the blind stick should touch obstacles and find ditches or mud pits in front of people.

Treatment of obstacles

When walking, the blind stick should stop immediately when it meets an obstacle, and then use the blind stick to detect both sides of the obstacle to find a place to pass.

If you want to see clearly what the obstacle is, you should keep the blind stick in contact with the obstacle, then take a step forward, make the blind stick vertical, and slide the other hand down along the blind stick until you can touch the object gently.

Remember: if the blind want to bypass the obstacles detected by the blind stick, they must use the blind stick to find the barrier-free path, and they can't walk to the side without exploring with the blind stick, because they may bump into other obstacles on the road, which is very dangerous.

Walking skills of blind stick tracking

Blind people can use a blind stick to track and walk along the wall root, grass edge, fence root, roadside, roadside and so on. The specific method is as follows:

Blind people keep a distance of about 15 cm (about half a step) from objects along the line (such as wall roots, roadsides, etc.). ).

Keep the basic grip and position of the blind stick, and the end of the stick walks along the edge of the object. Every step, the blind stick should be drawn left and right once, and at the same time, the walking edge should be tapped gently, and at the same time, the blind stick should be gently drawn to the other side to avoid tripping or being injured by obstacles on the road.

Climb stairs with a blind stick

The blind man stopped at the stairs and stood facing them.

Use a blind stick to test the width, height and length of the lowest step of the stairs, whether there are handrails and obstacles (such as bicycles) on both sides of the stairs, and finally choose a safe place (generally near the right side of the stairs) to prepare for going up the stairs.

Straighten the arm holding the blind stick at shoulder height, and hold the blind stick straight with your thumb, that is, change the holding method of the blind stick to the brushing method, and make the end of the stick contact the edge of the second step and walk upward.

The blind stick and the stairs have been tapping automatically until there is no sound of contact with the stairs, indicating that they have reached the top floor. But it should be noted that you still have to take one more step to walk the stairs.

Remember: after climbing the stairs, you must use a blind stick to detect whether there are obstacles in front before you can continue walking.

Go down the stairs with a blind stick.

Stop before coming to the stairs and stand facing the stairs.

Use a blind stick to detect the edge of the top step of the stairs.

Test the height, width and length of the stairs, whether there are handrails and obstacles (such as bicycles) on both sides of the stairs, and then choose the appropriate one.

Prepare to go down the stairs in a safe place (usually near the right side of the stairs).

Tilt the blind stick on the second step, and slightly lift the blind stick so that the blind stick does not touch the step surface, but only touches the edge of the step.

When the end of the blind stick touches the ground, it means that it is almost touching the ground, but pay attention to the next step to reach the bottom.

Remember: after going down the stairs, you must use a blind stick to detect whether there are obstacles in front before you can continue walking.

Cross the road

When a blind person walks to the side of the road to cross the road, he should first stop to listen to the sound of nearby vehicles and judge whether it is a one-way street or a two-way street.

Use a blind stick to find the direction of the road along the sideline, take a better vertical route than the road, and then listen to the traffic.

If it is two lanes, listen to the sound of the vehicle on the left first, then listen to the sound of the vehicle on the right in the middle of the road, and then pass quickly. If it is a one-way street, it is necessary to judge the direction of the vehicle and listen to the situation of the vehicle before passing.

Please note the following

When crossing the road, don't wave a blind stick in front, lest you hurt others. If there are too many vehicles, you can raise the blind stick above your head, signal the passing drivers to stop or slow down, and let them pass smoothly, or politely ask others to help you cross the road.

Vehicles are not allowed to pass immediately after passing, because another car may pass by, and the blind can't hear the sound of the second car because they are covered by the sound of the car in front, which is prone to danger. Only when the cars on both sides are far away and no other cars are coming can we pass quickly.

When crossing the road, you'd better not run, neither fast nor slow.

In addition, when the blind people are walking on rural roads, if they hear the sound of motorcycles, cars or rickshaws approaching, they should stop first and let the passing vehicles go first. Don't stop in the middle of the road.