What is the function of green building in real estate architectural design?

With the all-round development of social economy and science and technology in contemporary China, the awareness of environmental protection in all walks of life is getting stronger and stronger. In the real estate industry, the concept of green building has attracted the attention of all parties. Green building plays an important role in improving building energy saving, environmental protection and sustainability, and this concept and technology will become the focus of future architectural design industry. This paper mainly discusses and analyzes the application of green building design concept in the development of modern real estate buildings, finds related problems, and puts forward effective countermeasures in combination with reality.

1 concept analysis of green building

Green building mainly refers to the building that saves all kinds of resources as much as possible, protects the ecological environment, reduces pollution and environmental impact, and brings ecological, healthy and practical living and production space to people through scientific design methods, advanced materials and technologies and reasonable management methods during the whole life cycle of the building. The concept of green building mainly includes three points: first, environmental protection, focusing on reducing the emission of carbon dioxide and even various harmful substances during construction and use, and reducing environmental pollution; Secondly, energy conservation mainly refers to reducing the waste of various natural resources and promoting the rationalization of construction and maintenance costs; The third is to meet people's needs and create an efficient, applicable and healthy building space. Among them, high efficiency refers to improving the utilization rate of energy and resources, applicability refers to reducing the waste of resources and avoiding extravagance and waste, and health refers to attaching importance to people's experience and health needs.

In recent years, the statistical data and information of project cost in various regions show that although green buildings have the advantages of high quality and high efficiency in energy utilization and material use, in order to meet the standards of green buildings, the project cost will increase to some extent. For example, the average cost of green residential buildings and public buildings will increase compared with platform buildings. Among them, one-star green buildings increase 60 yuan /m2 and 30 yuan/m2 respectively; Two-star class is increased by 120 yuan /m2 and 230 yuan /m2 respectively, and three-star class is increased by 300 yuan /m2 and 370 yuan /m2 respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to fully consider the concept and technical application methods of green building in the architectural planning stage, and do a good job in the whole process control and optimization design, so as to give full play to the advantages of green building in all aspects.

2 Application problems

2. 1 unreasonable application of building energy. Nowadays, although new buildings in some areas have begun to use natural gas as the main energy source, many buildings in the old city still use coal or natural gas as the main energy source, and the building energy transformation projects are also progressing slowly. Geothermal energy and solar energy, which have positive significance for ecological environment protection, have low utilization rate. Under the background of social and economic development, China's comprehensive building area has increased by more than 2 billion m2 every year, but more than 80% of them have high energy consumption, but the comprehensive energy utilization rate is less than 33%, which reflects the unscientific and unreasonable application of building energy in China. From the perspective of energy consumption, most building design and construction technologies in China ignore energy-saving measures, including measures such as optimizing domestic energy consumption system and building insulation layer, which have not been well promoted, especially the poor insulation technology of building envelope materials, resulting in heat transfer energy consumption exceeding 73%.

2.2 The application of active energy-saving technology and passive energy-saving technology is unbalanced. Since the concept of green building has been gradually popularized, although it has been highly recognized by real estate development enterprises and architects in many areas, there has been a deviation in the application of concepts and technologies, with too much emphasis on the application of active energy-saving technologies and increased investment in this area, but many passive energy-saving concepts and skills have been neglected in the design, resulting in unsatisfactory implementation effect of the concept of green building. Passive energy-saving technology mainly refers to making full use of lighting, ventilation and other resources in the building location through scientific design scheme, and relying on building envelope materials, envelope systems and structural design, so that buildings can achieve energy-saving purposes without consuming too much technical equipment.

3 Application countermeasures analysis

3. 1 The development of green real estate should be adapted to local conditions. As a high-quality architectural design and development concept, green building should also pay attention to local natural, technical and cultural conditions in the practical application process, and should not copy the case models of advanced cities or developed countries, especially should not blindly introduce high-cost technologies or materials. Architects should fully digest the concept and technical core of green building, and then conduct a comprehensive investigation on the actual situation of the project site, make full use of local resources and environmental characteristics, and complete a more practical green building design scheme.

3.2 The development of green real estate should focus on planning and design. The core of the concept of green building lies in architectural planning and design. From the site selection and overall planning layout of construction projects, to the building orientation, sunshine and ventilation conditions, to the interior design, ecological system configuration and greening scheme, it is necessary to do a good job in overall design and whole process planning. This paper puts forward the application measures of green building technology from four aspects: residential area planning, single building site selection, single building design, building and its supporting system design:

(1) residential area planning. In the process of building project development, the general layout design is the most important. As a residential place, it is often more conducive to energy saving and living comfort to seek higher floor area ratio and lower building density under the premise of fixed total construction area. From the design point of view, it is very beneficial to optimize the lighting and ventilation conditions of buildings from the aspects of building spacing, shape, orientation and layout.

(2) The location of single building. In the process of green building design, the location of building projects is very important, especially considering the sunshine, orientation and shading factors of buildings. In the process of site selection, we should fully consider the geographical environment of construction land, observe the local sunshine characteristics and dominant wind direction, and then rationally arrange all buildings. For example, commercial and residential joint construction projects need to pay attention to lighting conditions to ensure that houses on each floor and in each direction have good lighting effects; However, buildings with large height difference need to avoid concave areas, so as to avoid the gathering of damp or cold air currents in the concave areas, which will increase the energy consumption of buildings and is not conducive to living comfort and health.

(3) Single building design. ① Architectural form design. It is very important to control the building shape coefficient scientifically. Under the same single building area, reasonably reducing the maintenance structure area and scientifically designing the shape can reduce energy consumption. For example, in modern architecture, the advantages of flat building in energy saving are more prominent. More importantly, the building with this structure has better physical conditions, reasonable apartment layout and better orientation. ② Architectural graphic design. In architectural graphic design, the emphasis is on optimizing architectural layout. The main measures are: using tall trees and green plants to achieve the effect of shading and heat preservation, avoiding the sharp rise of building temperature in hot season and achieving the effect of heat preservation in winter; Scientific design of building functional zoning can design functional areas with low demand for sunshine in the north, and further reduce energy consumption by reducing the area of doors and windows; Areas with similar functions can be designed in the same area, which is conducive to building air conditioning and heating facilities to achieve better results with less energy consumption.

(4) Design of the building and its supporting system. ① Configuration design of indoor fresh air system. The system is the key to optimize the air quality and ecological quality in the building. At the same time, the scientific use of fresh air system can improve the heat dissipation or insulation effect inside the building, which is also of positive significance for energy saving and emission reduction. ② Use renewable energy. Modern green building design concept emphasizes the use of renewable energy and recycling resources through science and technology. For example, a scientific energy recycling system is adopted to recycle part of construction waste to generate biogas energy, or a water recycling system is adopted to realize the reuse of water resources. Reliable data show that the use of renewable energy in green buildings can reduce building energy consumption by more than 30%, which shows that it is of great significance to attach importance to renewable energy allocation and system design.

4. Suggestions on promoting "green building"

4. 1 Do a good job of publicity. Relevant departments should attach importance to the propaganda of green building concept, take environmental protection science and sustainable development concept as important courses in education, and require teachers to influence students in educational content and their own conduct, so that students can establish the awareness of ecological development. In community management, we need to make use of various media publications and activities to make residents realize that environmental protection and building energy conservation are everyone's responsibilities. As long as we pay attention to details in our lives, we can fully support the cause of green building.

4.2 Strengthen policy implementation. Although the direct cost of green building is relatively high at present, it is of great significance to the long-term development of society. For builders and citizens who have little knowledge about this at present, the relevant government departments need not only to promote relevant support policies to popularize such technologies and concepts, but also to strengthen the implementation of policies in their daily work to prevent builders from going through the motions and doing superficial work when responding to green building policies. If necessary, urge builders to adopt green building technology from the legal point of view, but this needs to fully consider the local development and the effect of concept popularization.

5 recent development trend of green building design

5. 1 Sustainable building materials are widely used. Building construction has always involved a lot of material consumption, so the contemporary green building concept attaches great importance to the research and development and practicality of recyclable and sustainable building materials, which will greatly save resources and alleviate environmental pressure. Therefore, in the future green building design, more high-quality materials will be put into construction. For example, natural coatings have been put into use in some buildings. At first, the coating will not produce pollutants to the environment, and at the same time, it will absorb or even decompose some pollutants. More importantly, in the future, green building materials will gradually replace contemporary non-renewable materials. For example, using recyclable metal instead of building wood structure can not only enhance the strength performance of buildings, but also reduce the damage to tree resources.

5.2 air convection design concept. In some contemporary building structures, such as one staircase and four households can give full play to the advantages of natural light, improve the ventilation performance of buildings, and achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction. This kind of air convection structure building is more suitable for today's northern region. At the same time, strengthening air convection in time can keep indoor air fresh and have many benefits to residents' health. 5.3 Make full use of low-energy technologies. The application of low-energy technology in architectural design mainly depends on renewable energy, which can reduce the dependence of modern buildings on energy sources such as electricity. Through this technology, traditional consumption can be directly reduced, greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced, and the energy circulation system inside the building can be optimized. In the future, solar energy, wind energy, bioenergy and related renewable energy can provide necessary electricity for buildings. It should be noted that although the initial investment in planning and building low-energy buildings is high, in the long run, attention should be paid to its research and application.

5.4 The water circulation system is widely used. In green buildings, the rational use of water resources is very important. At present, many buildings are gradually promoting the construction of pro-circulation system. For example, in buildings, all kinds of discharged water are sewage and clean drainage, and then the consciousness of classified drainage is popularized to residents, and different drainage pipes are configured. Sewage and wastewater are discharged into the municipal drainage pipeline after being treated by the treatment system, and the clean drainage is used for greening irrigation in the building area after being treated. In this way, on the one hand, sewage can be treated from the source, on the other hand, the utilization rate of water resources can be improved. The data show that the scientific water treatment and water circulation system has been put into practical use in buildings in many areas of China.

6 conclusion

With the economic and social development of China entering a new stage, people are more and more aware of the importance of green development. The construction industry is the lifeblood of human society, and it is also a key area to practice the concept of green development. It is necessary to improve the rationality, application comfort, energy saving and environmental protection of architectural forms through advanced design concepts and related technologies. In architectural design, we should fully understand the local environmental characteristics, optimize community planning and architectural form design, combine green building materials and renewable energy, reduce building energy consumption, and escort the sustainable development of buildings. In terms of policies, it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and popularization of green building concepts, strengthen relevant supervision and law enforcement, actively encourage the research and development and application practice of green building technologies, and promote the maturity of green building concepts in the future for the benefit of the people.

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