What are the regulations for the safe use of road maintenance engineering machinery?

1. Mechanization of highway maintenance is the general trend

With the rapid development of transportation industry, the task of highway maintenance is getting heavier year by year. The society has put forward higher requirements for the technology, quality and efficiency of highway maintenance. requirements. Mechanized maintenance is a necessary condition to ensure that highways are good, fast, safe and economical. It is an important guarantee to speed up maintenance progress, improve maintenance quality, reduce maintenance costs and reduce labor intensity. Highway maintenance operations have also gradually transformed from human-based maintenance to mechanized maintenance. Maintenance units have purchased a lot of mechanical equipment, such as sweepers, lawn mowers, asphalt comprehensive maintenance equipment, salt spray trucks, etc. With the increase in mechanical equipment, the accompanying safety issues are inevitably placed in front of us, that is, how can we use mechanical equipment safely and effectively.

2. Several problems in the safety management of highway maintenance machinery and equipment

(1) Maintenance tasks are heavy and the safety awareness of machinery operators is weak.

Due to the increase in overloaded and over-limited vehicles, road spray and pavement diseases are becoming more and more serious. Road crews and minor maintenance teams are not fully staffed. Even if maintenance machinery and equipment are improved, pavement cleaning and pavement diseases cannot be completed in a timely manner. processing, making the road maintenance task more arduous. Maintenance machinery operators work on the busy national and provincial highways every day, with many points, wide areas and long lines. In addition, the long-term work on a single machine has caused the operators to have a weak safety awareness. They are accustomed to the environment where cars come and go. Lack of sufficient awareness of self-protection and prevention has resulted in certain accident risks, insufficient awareness of the dangers of one's own working environment, and poor self-rescue ability in the event of an accident.

(2) Road maintenance machinery and equipment are outdated and the update speed is slow.

The road maintenance machinery currently equipped is generally aging, and some have major safety hazards. Some machinery is not suitable for the actual needs of grassroots maintenance work, resulting in a large number of idle machinery and equipment, and many of them have reached the end of life. Or standard mechanical equipment cannot be adjusted and updated in time. Heavy road maintenance tasks require the use of old equipment with poor safety performance, which affects the safe use of mechanical equipment to a certain extent.

(3) Use the equipment more than maintain it.

Due to the constraints of traditional concepts, many people in charge of maintenance sites only focus on the use of mechanical equipment in order to complete their work tasks, blindly pursue speeding up the work progress, and ignore or only perform simple maintenance on them. Therefore, in order to complete the tasks designated by the leaders, the mechanical operators have no time to repair and maintain the machinery and equipment, and often make the machinery and equipment operate with minor problems. Since then, the daily maintenance of the mechanical equipment has been neglected, and minor defects are often caused. Cause big problems until production safety accidents occur.

(4) The professional quality of the operators is poor.

The quality of operators of some maintenance machinery and equipment is uneven. Many operators have low educational levels and are directly employed without formal training. Some are replaced as operators after a period of operation, and even more What's more, some operators leave their posts and randomly ask someone with no operating experience to replace them. Sometimes for emergencies, many units will randomly find someone who knows a little bit but has not received professional training to operate mechanical equipment. However, the actual training of operators is not enough. Many operators have not received any professional training. Formal training is too formal and lacks pertinence and practicality.

(5) There is a sense of luck and forced cost reduction.

Many units are taking chances and are reluctant to get rid of the older and aging mechanical equipment as long as it can still be used. They are reluctant to test the special equipment required by the state because they always feel that it is a waste of money. Carrying out equipment testing is an "input without output" behavior, and I am not willing to spend this "wasted money". The consequences of this approach may not cause any problems in the near future, but safety accidents will eventually occur.

3. Several measures to reduce safety hazards

(1) Strengthen safety publicity and education and improve people’s awareness of production safety.

Safety in production, the alarm bell is always ringing. In order to improve the safety awareness of machinery operators and enhance their self-protection and prevention abilities, publicity and education on machinery safety are often organized and carried out. The person in charge of each shift must give safety reminders before the robot is put into work, and all employees must tighten safety strings at all times during the operation. At the same time, safety publicity and education must be carried out for people who are directly or indirectly involved in machinery and equipment-related production activities, from leaders to general staff, and even family members of producers, so that they know the safety of the production work they are engaged in. The awareness of importance and protection, self-protection awareness and self-protection methods allow them to mentally realize the importance of safety, so as to control the occurrence of mechanical equipment safety accidents from the source.

(2) Provide personnel training to improve professional and technical levels.

Personnel training must be planned, deployed, assessed, and targeted. First, we must ensure the admission of mechanical operators and implement three-level safety education before taking up their jobs; second, prepare corresponding safety production knowledge and safety operating procedures manuals, distribute them to every operator on site, and organize learning ; The third is to provide safety training for mechanical equipment management personnel.

For machinery operators and maintenance personnel, they must not only be trained in safety technology theory, but also ensure that their practical operation skills training is implemented. The focus is on improving the operators' safe operation skills and The actual ability to prevent accidents, as well as the awareness of equipment hazards and the ability to handle accidents, effectively control the occurrence of special equipment accidents.

For the use and maintenance of newly purchased mechanical equipment, technical personnel from the equipment manufacturer should be invited to give special lectures and go to the use site to provide training for mechanical operators and mechanical maintenance personnel. Before the operator takes up the job, the requirements for correct operation and safe driving must be met. Achieve a certified employment rate of 100% of machinery and equipment, and resolutely put an end to unlicensed operations.

(3) Update equipment in a timely manner and eliminate old equipment.

As the use time of mechanical equipment increases, the service life of mechanical equipment becomes shorter and shorter. At this time, we must introduce new equipment in a timely manner and eliminate old equipment. We cannot continue to use it with any luck. . The following types of equipment should be resolutely eliminated:

(1) When the equipment reaches its service life, depreciation has been fully increased, and its technical performance has failed to meet the requirements of national regulations and safe operating procedures.

(2) The main structural performance of the equipment is seriously damaged due to accidents or other reasons, and there is no possibility of repair or the repair cost exceeds 60 yuan of the price of the updated equipment.

(3) High energy consumption, low power, serious pollution, poor economic benefits, and uneconomical technological transformation.

(4) Eliminated by the state and relevant departments.

(5) Self-made non-standard special equipment with no further use value.

(4) Do a good job in mechanical maintenance

The maintenance unit strictly requires mechanical operators to do "three times a day" before starting the equipment, during operation and after shutdown in accordance with the standards and specifications. "Check" routine maintenance work, and eliminate problems and hidden dangers in a timely manner. This not only ensures the safe operation of the equipment in good condition, but also effectively controls the maintenance cost of the equipment.

Based on the equipment operation cycle, computer-aided management is used to control the first and second level maintenance of the equipment. Professional mechanics are required to go to the construction site for maintenance according to the process specifications, and the on-site machinery operators are required to cooperate, supervise and supervise. The quality will be inspected by professional inspectors to ensure the quality of on-site maintenance of the equipment.

Strictly implement the second guarantee and repair system for mechanical equipment in the workshop before returning (transfer) to the factory, strengthen the pre-inspection, in-process inspection and final inspection of the second guarantee and repair, and strictly control the quality . Finally, the qualified equipment will be used on site according to construction and production needs or handed over to the Safety and Machinery Department for storage. ?

(5) Safety maintenance of special equipment

During the production process, special equipment has greater potential dangers than general production equipment.

Since special equipment is highly dangerous equipment and is prone to accidents, causing injury to the operator or others, as well as major property losses such as mechanical equipment and public facilities, regular and patrol inspections must be carried out to ensure its normal operation. Inspection to avoid mechanical accidents and ensure production safety and life safety.

Special equipment must be tested by the technical testing department and obtain a certificate before it can be put into use. Special equipment that has not obtained a testing certificate must be immediately stopped from use. Equipment that has exceeded its use period and cannot be tested is Forced scrapping.

IV. Conclusion

The safety management of mechanical equipment is a complex and comprehensive subject. In addition to good management, use, maintenance and repair, leadership must also pay attention to it. , the responsibilities between machinery managers, machinery operators, maintenance personnel and related cooperating personnel at all levels are clear, rules can be followed, evidence can be checked, and records are clear, and focus on strengthening the safety awareness of maintenance personnel, improving professional quality and technical level. As long as we persevere, work tirelessly, maintain a sense of urgency in times of crisis, and truly "prevent first", we will be able to prevent the occurrence of major mechanical equipment accidents and ensure that the machinery and equipment can serve our maintenance work safely, with high quality and efficiency.