How do you say Mandarin?

Pronunciation of dustpan: bò ji Interpretation: (1) [dustpan]: A shovel-like appliance used to collect and transport garbage, which Nanchong calls "dustpan" (2) [Fan; Winningpan]: a large pinch made of rattan or peeled wicker and bamboo, an instrument for raising rice and removing chaff (3) [fingerprint ring]: dustpan-shaped fingerprint. A kind of fingerprint, everyone's fingerprint is different. There is a closed circle in the middle called "basket", and the opening extends outward called "dustpan" dialect: dustpan.

dustpan

There are three kinds of things called dustpans. One is a shovel-like appliance, which is used to collect and transport garbage. The second type is a big pinch made of rattan or peeled wicker and bamboo, which is an instrument for lifting rice and removing chaff. The third finger is dustpan fingerprint. A kind of fingerprint, everyone's fingerprint is different. Those with a closed circle in the middle are called "baskets", and those with outward openings are called "dustpans". There is also a snack called dustpan.

catalogue

Basic information

Related literature

brief introduction

Compilation skill

Compilation method

Main types

Daboji Miao village

Flavor snacks bojiban

Potoutou

folk song

Wickerwork artist Kong Chengde

Yan Jiming

Basic information about alternative uses

Related literature

brief introduction

Compilation skill

Compilation method

Main types

Daboji Miao village

Flavor snacks bojiban

Potoutou

Folk songs, folk songs, wickerwork artists

Basic situation of alternative utilization development in Yan Jiming of Kongchengde

dustpan

Pronunciation: bò ji Interpretation: (1) [dustpan]: a shovel-like appliance used to collect and transport garbage, which Nanchong calls "dustpan" (2) [Fan; Winningpan]: a large pinch made of rattan or peeled wicker and bamboo, an instrument for raising rice and removing chaff (3) [fingerprint ring]: dustpan-shaped fingerprint. A kind of fingerprint, everyone's fingerprint is different. There is a closed circle in the middle called "basket", and the opening extends outward called "dustpan" dialect: pinch.

Related literature

Jia Sixie of the Northern Wei Dynasty wrote in Qi Yao Min Shu Zhi Woods Zuo: "Autumn can be used as a dustpan." Rice dustpan for local agriculture in Changzhi, Tangshan and Shanxi

I have read the Diamond Sutra for forty-three years, and now I am in Deli Fang. I said that when I sat down for the first time, I saw a big hand like a dustpan covering my back. Jin Dong Jieyuan's "The West Chamber" Volume II: "Bend a bow with a yellow crossbow, carry a dustpan and open a mountain axe: it's Sun Feihu, a bridge soldier." Chapter 14 of Liu Qing's History of Entrepreneurship: "This tall middle-aged cultivator not only helped the widow's wife put the big bull on the mill, but also helped her move all the grain and all the grinding tools-baskets and dustpans ... into the mill hut."

brief introduction

Handmade dustpan is a famous local boutique in Zhengning County.

This place rich in handmade dustpans is Hetaoyu Village, Zhoujia Town. Its dustpan weaving skill was brought by Yang Zushang when he immigrated from Houma Township, Quwo County, Shanxi Province in 1489, with a history of more than 500 years. Hetaoyu dustpan is famous for its uniqueness.

Compilation skill

Walnut dustpan is all hand-woven, which can be woven independently as a unit or divided into two parts.

Joint operation, thus forming a large-scale production model. Men and women, old and young, father and son, husband and wife, brothers and sisters can all participate in production, * * * learn from each other's skills, learn from each other's strengths, and unconsciously form the way of mentoring. 85% people in the village can weave dustpans. A skilled person can weave two dustpans every day, and a poor person can weave three dustpans every two days. A well-woven dustpan looks good and sells well; Woven dustpan with poor workmanship is not pleasing to the eye and the price is low. This is what local people often say: eat by craft and work by strength. About 20% of people who weave dustpans can be called skilled craftsmen. Walnut Valley dustpan technology is not closed and self-controlled, but open-minded. At the same time, it also absorbed the skills of Sichuan bamboo weaving and southern straw weaving, which made the weaving technology of dustpan more and more perfect and spread to eight neighboring villages. Walnut Valley woven dustpan is extremely exquisite in materials and fine in workmanship. The main raw material of dustpan is wicker, which is produced in the foothills of Ziwuling Mountain, Malan, Longzuizi and a corner of Dongdiantou and Linyou Mountain areas in Shaanxi Province. Later, some people went to Taibai, Dashanmen in Heshui County and Fuxian County in Shaanxi Province to look for it. A few people plant wicker and cut it for their own use. But most people use natural wild strips. The dustpan strips are divided into bud strips, autumn strips and steamed strips. Strips cut in March, that is, strips cut when vegetation germinates in spring, are easy to peel and are called bud strips; Lippi strips cut in June and July are called autumn strips; The skin is unfavorable, and the strips that can only be peeled off after steaming are called steamed strips. This strip is the first-class product in the dustpan strip, and the dustpan made of it is flexible and durable, with pure color and is very popular. When steaming strips, temperature and humidity are particularly important, so we should master them at any time and not take them lightly. If steamed too old, the color is not bright, if steamed too tender, it is bad for the skin. When making dustpan, you need hemp rope and dustpan tongue besides stripes. The thickness of hemp rope should be moderate, and the rope should be twisted with high-grade hemp, otherwise it will affect the service life of dustpan. The tongue of the dustpan is about 1 m long, 4 to 5 cm wide and 4 to 5 mm thick. The tongue size of a small dustpan depends on the needs and materials, and it is irregular.

Compilation method

To make a dustpan, you need a humid, sunny and windless environment. Farmers usually dig underground kilns, just as we do in movies.

The tunnel seen on TV is called dustpan kiln by local people, also known as "Shenxian Cave", which is warm in winter and cool in summer, moist and constant in temperature. The tools for making dustpan mainly include iron sickle (planer), square cone, slotted cone, crochet needle, shifting block, rope hammer, flat knife, measuring tongue and ruler. The iron sickle is used to scrape the dustpan tongue, and it should be leveled and moderately thick. In recent years, the push plane has been used a lot, and the tongue pushed out by the push plane is much better than that scraped out by the sickle. Square cone, used to drill holes in the dustpan tongue. The groove cone is use for wrapping that edge of the dustpan. Crochet, used to hook the rope on the dustpan tongue; Using needles is a complete set of circular, pieced together and one-stop movements. Both stitch density and stitch thickness are completed in an instant. Pull and stop, used to rope, and some are also called loosening. Rope hammer, used for winding ropes, is labor-saving, and the wound ropes are elastic and suitable. Smooth the knife and scrape the edge. The measuring tongue is used to measure the distance of drilling holes on the dustpan tongue. The dustpan ruler can be divided into different sizes to measure the length of dustpan strips. There are pedals, rods, mats and knives. When weaving a dustpan, first put the sliver on the dustpan ruler and weave a piece, which is called a knot palm. Then beat the palm bow into a corner. It takes the most time and has the highest technical content to knot corners and stubble and smooth edges. Whether the dustpan made is beautiful, generous, affordable and durable depends on these techniques, so it takes the weaver half a day to make a trip when he is nervous. Sometimes in order to tie a knot or do a good job, I can't even take care of eating and going to the toilet. Only in this way can the finished dustpan be woven.

Main types

There are many kinds of dustpans in Hetaoyugou, which are widely used. Its advantages are deep nest, flat palm, no loose grain and no publicity. Zhang Pingli Ji Bo

Sow sundries, leaving no residue, so as to change. In the farmhouse, dustpan is a necessity of family life. A dustpan can be thrifty for many generations, at least ten years. The types of dustpan are big dustpan, small dustpan and clean dustpan. A clean dustpan is a small dustpan between a big dustpan and a small dustpan. It has no supporting angle and is mainly used for loading things. With the diversification of daily use, weavers also produce a variant dustpan. This dustpan is upright on three sides and open on one side. It has a tongue that spits out waste. This variant dustpan is called a basket, which has a foreign porcelain washbasin similar to what we use every day. As far as capacity is concerned, there are big baskets and small baskets, and as far as shape is concerned, there are square baskets, round baskets and rectangular baskets. From the use point of view, there are steamed bread baskets, sewing baskets, dry cigarette baskets and so on. The workmanship of the basket is simpler than that of the dustpan, but the craft is more exquisite, and a process of sketching is added. There are flowers, birds, fish and insects painted on it, which are vivid and lifelike. Therefore, the basket is not only a daily necessities of family life, but also a folk art product. While developing its use value, it also gives it artistic vitality. Broadly speaking, dustpans and baskets can be used to dry dates, walnuts, peppers and sericulture. In addition to paving sundries, holding food and beautifying life. That is to say, except for the liquid, everything is square and round. Articles used for drying are easy to dry and do not stick to dirty things, so even if people live in the era of rapid development of science and technology, dustpans and baskets are not alienated from people, but appear closer, and there is no hair dryer, fan or fan to replace them. This is because "extremes meet"

Daboji Miao village

The Da Nan Gao River inadvertently turned a corner here, leaving fertile soil, so there is today's Daban Miao Village. Dabaoji Miao Village is located in Nangao Township, Danzhai County, Guizhou Province, and is named after its shape like a half dustpan. There are 92 families living in the stockade, and they have dustpans from generation to generation.

I have lived in this dustpan stockade for generations. Diaojiaolou is a masterpiece of Miao nationality. In Dabaozhai, a pole-column diaojiao building is built on the mountain. The first floor is used for raising livestock, the second floor for living and the third floor for storing food. Some places are built on cobblestone foundations, and the paths paved with bluestone slabs in the stockade also fluctuate due to the ups and downs of the mountains. Usually the stockade is quiet. Only on holidays or when guests come, when the small bench knocks, the whole cottage will boil. Children performed bench dancing at birth. After the child is born, the husband's family will pick up millet and wine and go to the son-in-law's house to dance on the bench, usually during the full moon wine. At this time, the husband's family invited people in the stockade to eat and drink from door to door, and they would dance on the bench when they were happy. Quiet hut, plain life, this is Boji Village. When the mountains are holding the fruits of harvest, every family and every diaojiao building here will show the joy of harvest in different ways. The corn in the granary and the corn hanging on the diaojiao building all show the harvest record of the people in Bojizhai. In Bojizhai, the ceremony to celebrate the harvest is more grand than the Chinese New Year. There is also a long-standing custom in Jibo Village. After harvest, the grain is put into storage and stored in Bletilla Miao Village.

The day before, every household had to sift out a dustpan of fresh rice for guests to taste. Although the process of cooking rice is simple, the meaning of their life is completely soaked in the mellow taste of this rice.

Local snack

dust shield

Wuping County in western Fujian is a small county with a population of only over 30,000, bordering Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces. Go to Wuping to find a straw hat and dustpan before noon that day.

"Snacks", walking on a quiet and ancient street, found that there are 100 snack bars selling dustpans (castanets, strange words created by Fujian people) in this city. According to the population, Wuping has a snack bar selling dustpans for every 300 people. In western Fujian, I went to Liancheng county, and Liancheng people called the dustpan "bundle", saying it was a famous snack of Liancheng; In Shanghang county, Shanghang people call the dustpan "drum rice", which is also a famous snack in Shanghang. But when I said I would go to Wuping to eat a dustpan, my friends in both places stopped talking, which shows how respected Wuping's dustpan is. The dustpan is called rice rolls in Guangdong and Minnan rice country. It is a translucent rice noodle made by grinding rice into a steamer, but it is eaten differently. Wuping people call it a dustpan, I think it's probably because steamed rice noodles are laid on the dustpan. Like many places, Wuping's dustpan is only available in the morning market, and it closes after 10 am. It is precisely because there are so many small shops selling dustpans in Wuping, and the business hours are limited, so early in the morning, people flock around steaming small shops, or eat in class, or buy home-cooked breakfast. So, with the small shop as the center, a unique early morning scene of Wuping was formed, which was probably the most lively moment in a quiet town with a simple style. A friend in Wu Ping told me that the dustpan in Chengguan is the best in the vegetable market, so he took me to see it in the morning. The owner, surnamed Lin, is a couple's shop. The rice paste used to make dustpans and the stuffing made of mung bean sprouts, leeks, shredded carrots, shredded pork and shredded mushrooms are all made in the early hours of the morning. When the market opened early in the morning, I saw the shopkeeper and his wife. One took a spoonful of rice paste and poured it into an aluminum steamer. Steam it for a minute or two, take it out and cut it into small pieces five inches square. The other sprinkled the stuffing into a cylindrical plate slightly thicker than the thumb, then poured a little scallion oil and sprinkled a little chopped green onion on the table. The dustpan is as white as sheep fat, and a few chopped green onions are as green as jade. It's really nice. Seeing their husband and wife sweating profusely, the diners enjoyed it. This kind of folk sentiment and peaceful atmosphere greatly increased my appetite, and I joined the ranks of diners and asked for a plate to taste. Wuping's dustpan really deserves its reputation. The entrance is tender and smooth, tough and fragrant. If one plate is not enough, have another plate. I asked the price, a plate of 10 yuan, one yuan, and provided all diners with a cup of delicious hot tea or a bowl of thick pig bone soup for free. It is really cheap. Eating such delicious food gives me a good feeling, a simple folk custom of a mountain village.

Potoutou

"Cooking with a dustpan" is a snack to celebrate the harvest of early rice, which is called "eating new" by locals. Cook with rice and a raw dustpan

Uses flour, clear water, cooked sesame seeds, peanut oil, soy sauce, Chili sauce and garlic as raw materials. Method: Wash the rice, soak it in clear water for 3 hours, pick it up, put it in a stone mill and grind it into rice slurry while adding clear water, add a proper amount of raw flour and mix well, and make it into rice flour slurry after fine particle struggle; After the water in the steamer is turned on, pour the rice flour slurry into a tray or a small dustpan several times for steaming. How to eat: in summer and autumn, cut the dustpan into small squares and sprinkle with sesame or garlic, soy sauce and peanut oil; In winter and spring, cut the dustpan into small squares and fry it with Chili sauce. Features: white, soft, smooth, cool and salty. Function: Tonifying the middle energizer, invigorating qi, relieving annoyance and quenching thirst. This kind of snack, especially from Anpu and Hengshan, is delicious. Because it used to be cooked on a bamboo dustpan, it is called "dustpan cooking", and now "dustpan cooking" is basically steamed with metal. Now you can eat "dustpan cooking" in Maoming, Huazhou, Zhanjiang and Guangxi Hakka snacks. [ 1]

folk song

Jianye district's Count Your Fingers: "One finger is clever, two fingers are good, three fingers pick straw, five fingers are poor, six fingers are rich, seven fingers are pawnbrokers, and nine fingers are scholars.

Wicker craft artist

Kong Chengde

Kong Chengde (189 1 ~ 1969) is an artist in wickerwork. Influenced by my family since childhood, I became interested in wickerwork, and then I kept dusting in practice.

Explore and study, sum up the previous experience, and form a unique method of making wickerwork. The dustpan, dustpan, wicker box and other products not only have many colors and varieties, but also have high quality, durability and elegant appearance, which is known as "the dustpan is not leaking, and the dustpan is half full". The compilation speed is extremely fast. One day, 1 round and square dustpan and three dustpans can be compiled, which is called "the king of dustpans".

Yan Jiming

Yan Jiming was born in March 1950, party member, CPC, with technical secondary school education. 1980, secretary of the village party branch. Over the years, the primary task is to enrich the people and strengthen the village, scientifically formulate the development plan of the whole village, and take the lead in implementing the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure. 1995, the town was the first to call for the trial planting of watermelon in greenhouse, to study the watermelon greenhouse technology, and to establish the leading industry in the village-watermelon production in greenhouse in time. This alone, the annual per capita income of the whole village increased by 2,000 yuan, which promoted the large-scale cultivation and development of watermelon in greenhouse in Taiping Town. Since 1980, Kongjiafang Village has become the first village to produce grain tons per mu, the first village to implement village planning, the first watermelon professional village, the first asphalt village and the first village to install telephones. Yan Jiming has successively won the titles of "Top Talent in Rural Science and Technology in Jinan", "Model party member in Jinan" and "Secretary of Party Branch of Excellent Village in Jiyang County".

Alternative use

A dustpan is a kind of agricultural tool, which is used to dust off impurities and empty shells in rice. It is also used to dry persimmons and peanuts in rural areas. Wickerwork is used in the north and bamboo weaving is used in the south. This dustpan comes from a rural market in Rongan County, Liuzhou, Guangxi. For farmers, this is a very common daily necessities. A closer look reveals that the workmanship is quite meticulous and neat, and the producer must be a good cook. Of course, if you buy it back, it will not be used to winnow rice. The uses provided by grapes are as follows: Use A: It is no problem to hold fruit, which is environmentally friendly, clean and idyllic. In a trance, I thought it was in the orchard; Usage B: It can also be placed on the shoe cabinet in the entrance to store the keys, which is also an alternative scenery; Usage c: put it on the dresser to store all kinds of cosmetics and skin care products, which are equally cute; Use D: Desk, messy paper clips, staplers, phone books and other office objects on the desk will look neat and relaxed once they are stored.