What kinds of dangerous chemicals are there? How should it be stored and managed?

Storage management of hazardous chemicals

Basic requirements for storage of hazardous chemicals

There are three ways to store dangerous goods: isolated storage, isolated storage and separated storage.

Independent storage. Refers to the storage mode in which different items are separated by a certain distance in the same room or area, and the space is maintained by channels between non-taboo materials.

Store separately. It refers to the storage method in which taboo substances (chemicals with conflicting chemical properties or different fire extinguishing methods) are separated by partitions or walls in the same building or area.

Store separately. Storage method of storing dangerous goods in different buildings or in external areas far away from all buildings. According to the performance of hazardous chemicals, they are partitioned, classified and stored in different warehouses. All kinds of dangerous chemicals shall not be mixed with taboo materials for storage.

Smoking and fireworks are strictly prohibited in buildings and areas where dangerous goods are stored.

The warehouse management personnel of highly toxic chemicals must achieve "four no guarantees" and strictly abide by the "five pairs" system. ("four guarantees" means no theft, no accident, no loss, no violation, and no safety. The "five pairs" system is double receiving and dispatching, double use, double transportation, double locking and double account. )

2. Requirements for storage places

Buildings storing dangerous goods should not have basements or other underground buildings, and their fire resistance rating, number of floors, construction area, safe evacuation and fire prevention distance should comply with the relevant provisions of the state.

Setting storage locations and designing building structures should not only comply with relevant state regulations, but also consider the impact on the surrounding environment and residents.

Electrical installation of storage places.

The fire-fighting electrical facilities in buildings and places where dangerous goods are stored should fully meet the needs of fire-fighting electricity, and meet the Fire Protection Standard for Design of Petrochemical Enterprises (GB 50 160-20 18), Fire Protection Standard for Engineering Design of Fine Chemical Enterprises (GB 5 1283-2020) or Architectural Design according to the actual situation.

The electrical system in the dangerous goods storage area or building shall comply with the relevant national electrical safety regulations. In particular, the electrical system of inflammable and explosive dangerous goods storage places should comply with the electrical safety regulations of explosion places. Ventilation and temperature regulation in storage places.

Buildings storing dangerous goods must be equipped with ventilation equipment and pay attention to the protective measures of the equipment.

The exhaust system of buildings storing dangerous goods should be equipped with grounding devices for conducting and eliminating static electricity.

Ventilation pipes should be made of nonflammable materials.

Ventilation pipes should not pass through fire partitions such as firewalls, and if they must, they should be separated by non-combustible materials.

The temperature of building heating medium for storing dangerous goods should not be too high. Such as hot water temperature should not exceed 60℃. Steam heating and mechanical heating shall not be used.

Non-combustible materials must be used for pipelines and equipment.

3. Storage arrangements and storage restrictions

Dangerous goods storage arrangement depends on dangerous goods classification, sub-items, container types, storage methods and fire protection requirements.

Fire, humidity and moisture can cause explosion or chemical reaction, and dangerous goods that produce toxic gases shall not be stored in the open air or in damp and water-prone buildings.

Dangerous goods that can cause combustion, explosion, decomposition, combination or generation of toxic gases by chemical reaction in the sun should be stored in buildings with fire resistance grade I, and their packaging should be protected from light.

Explosives must not be stored together with other kinds of goods, but must be stored separately and limited in quantity. Warehouse shall not be built in cities and towns, and keep a safe distance from surrounding areas, traffic trunk roads and transmission lines.

Compressed gas and liquefied gas must be stored separately from explosives, oxidants, flammable materials, spontaneous combustion materials and corrosive materials. Combustible gas shall not be stored with combustion-supporting gas and highly toxic gas, and oxygen shall not be stored with grease. If the container containing liquefied gas is a pressure container, it must be equipped with a pressure gauge, a safety valve and an emergency cut-off device, and checked regularly. Overloading is not allowed.

Flammable liquids, flammable materials and flammable solids when wet shall not be mixed with oxidants for storage, and reducible oxidants shall be stored separately.

Toxic substances should be stored in a cool, ventilated and dry place, and should not be stored in the open air or near acidic substances.

Corrosive articles must be tightly packed and must not be leaked. It is forbidden to store them with other articles.

4. Maintenance of hazardous chemicals warehouse

When dangerous goods are put into storage, the quality, quantity and packaging of the goods should be strictly checked for leakage.

Appropriate maintenance measures should be taken after dangerous goods are put into storage. During storage, quality changes, packaging damage, leakage, shortage of stabilizers, etc. It should be found regularly and handled in time.

The temperature and humidity of the warehouse should be strictly controlled, checked frequently, and adjusted in time when changes are found.

According to the nature of the chemicals stored, the temperature of the chemical warehouse should be controlled between-10℃ and +35℃.

The chemical warehouse shall be equipped with dry thermometer and explosion-proof air conditioner to control the temperature in the chemical warehouse. The air conditioner should be located far away from the air intake and exhaust equipment and meet the explosion-proof requirements of electrical appliances.

Due to the hot weather in the south, the windows of the hazardous chemicals warehouse are blocked by baffles to prevent direct sunlight. 5. Management of hazardous chemicals inside and outside the warehouse

The warehouse where dangerous goods are stored must establish a strict warehousing management system.

Dangerous goods shall be inspected, accepted and registered according to the contract before entering or leaving the warehouse. The acceptance contents include quantity, packaging and danger signs. After checking, the goods can be put in and out of the warehouse, and when the nature of the goods is not clear, it is not allowed to be put in the warehouse.

Personnel, motor vehicles and working vehicles entering the dangerous goods storage area must take fire prevention measures.

When loading, unloading and handling dangerous goods, it should be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations, so as to handle them lightly. It is forbidden to fall, touch, bump, smash, drag, tilt or roll.

When loading and unloading articles that are toxic and corrosive to human body, operators should wear corresponding protective articles according to the degree of danger.

Don't use the same car to transport materials that are taboo to each other.

When repairing, replacing, cleaning, loading and unloading inflammable and explosive articles, copper, alloy or other explosion-proof tools that will not generate sparks should be used.