How to prevent campus violence and sexual assault?

"12.20" has recently aroused widespread concern. According to various sources, a murder case occurred in Guangdong University of Foreign Studies on the evening of 20 16 12.20. It is said that a female student was attacked by a man while running, and her throat was cut by the latter. At present, the police are stepping up investigations.

Another news is that "the class teacher organized a dinner party to touch girls, and eight female students were tortured by salty pig hands". On the eve of graduation, the class teacher who is married and has children suddenly organizes a dinner party. Unexpectedly, eight of the nine girls who participated in the dinner party that night were attacked by salty pig hands to varying degrees, and then some students called the police. At present, the police and the universities involved responded that the matter was involved in the investigation.

For a long time, with the prosperity of social material life and the decline of some people's moral consciousness, campus violence and sexual assault have occurred frequently. It has also been highly valued by the government, society and schools.

So, how should schools prevent campus violence and sexual assault?

First, strengthen leadership to ensure the safety of teachers and students.

Governments at all levels and their education departments should strengthen their leadership over school safety work and urge schools to take corresponding measures to ensure the safety of teachers and students. All kinds of schools at all levels should attach great importance to safety work, improve the system, refine their responsibilities, set up working institutions to deal with safety incidents and emergencies, implement specific work departments, and set up corresponding rescue teams to prevent and deal with campus emergencies. It is necessary to strengthen prevention, deploy ahead of time and work ahead of time. According to the characteristics of the school and students' work and the actual needs of all kinds of emergencies that may occur, the emergency plan for campus safety incidents and emergencies shall be compiled, and relevant departments and personnel shall be organized to carry out prevention, guidance and resolution in a timely manner, so as to prevent and respond to emergencies in a targeted manner and fully protect the safety of teachers and students. In the event of an emergency on campus, the school should immediately start the emergency plan and quickly carry out the response and recovery work. At the same time, we should call the education authorities, public security, fire protection, health and other relevant departments for help, and try our best to reduce casualties and property losses.

Second, strengthen safety education and enhance safety awareness.

Governments at all levels and their education departments should take school safety education as an important task, make overall arrangements, carefully check and pay attention to actual results. All kinds of schools at all levels should enhance teachers and students' awareness of safety, prevention and self-protection by distributing safety education manuals, safety education classes, introducing traffic safety knowledge into classrooms, publicizing common first aid knowledge and organizing safety knowledge competitions, so that teachers and students can master more safety knowledge and first aid knowledge, improve their ability to deal with safety accidents and emergencies, and keep teachers and students away from accidents and disasters.

Third, strengthen safety management and eliminate hidden dangers in time.

Governments at all levels and their education departments should form working groups and go deep into primary schools, middle schools and universities to urge schools to strengthen safety management and investigate unsafe factors and hidden dangers of accidents. Schools of all levels and types should form special working groups, go deep into branches, grades and classes, do the work of teachers and students, pay attention to the ideological trends of teachers and students, investigate and resolve unstable factors such as contradictions and disputes, stabilize the emotions of teachers and students, and avoid major incidents caused by minor frictions, disputes and contradictions. We should insist on campus safety inspection and patrol, focusing on the safety of teachers' offices, students' classrooms, canteens, dormitories, bathrooms and other places, as well as the safety of stair steps, stair handrails, door and window glass, rainwater wells and drainage wells, so as to eliminate hidden dangers in time and put an end to safety accidents.

Fourth, strengthen legal education to prevent violent incidents.

All kinds of schools at all levels should persist in carrying out legal education, discipline education and ideal future education, establish a correct outlook on life and values, improve students' legal awareness, and enhance students' awareness of obeying the law. It is necessary to organize counselors and class teachers to carry out heart-to-heart talks and home visits, strengthen ideological communication and psychological communication with students, adjust students' unstable emotions in a timely manner, pay attention to the investigation and elimination of incipient and tendentious problems, actively resolve contradictions and disputes among students, and prevent small things from becoming major events and triggering emergencies. In particular, colleges and universities should do a good job in helping poor students and help them solve their life difficulties. At the same time, we should give more care, communication and guidance to those "problem" students, help them eliminate their inferiority complex, overcome psychological and personality obstacles and problems, reduce psychological pressure, enhance their psychological endurance, and face life, reality and society correctly. Public security, culture and other relevant departments should strengthen the management of Internet cafes around the school, severely crack down on illegal acts such as undermining school security, robbing students of money, and making troubles, so as to create a good external environment for school security.

How to prevent sexual assault on campus?

First, educate students about sexual knowledge and sexual assault prevention.

The reasons for the low resistance of underage students to teachers' sexual assault are not only the awe of teachers and their own weakness, but also the lack of knowledge and skills to prevent sexual assault.

Providing students with appropriate sexual knowledge education and preventing sexual abuse has long been included in the national education plan and outline. The Guiding Outline of Public Safety Education in Primary and Secondary Schools issued by the Ministry of Education in March 2007 requires that primary school students in grades 4-6 should know the general methods to deal with sexual assault, improve their self-protection ability, initially understand the basic knowledge of adolescent development, and form a clear sense of gender and self-protection; Junior high school students should learn the basic skills of dealing with sexual assault and other emergencies, understand the prevention and treatment of common problems in adolescence, form a sense of responsibility for maintaining reproductive health, understand the basic knowledge of AIDS and preventive measures, and form a sense of self-protection; High school students should master the basic knowledge and measures to prevent AIDS, treat HIV-infected people and patients correctly, learn healthy heterosexual communication methods, learn to protect themselves with appropriate methods, prevent sexual harassment, and protect themselves with laws when they are sexually harassed. From June, 5438 to February, 2008, the Guiding Outline of Health Education in Primary and Secondary Schools issued by the Ministry of Education stipulated that the students in the first and second grades of primary schools should know the relevant knowledge of "Where I come from"; Students in grade three and four should understand the functions of the main organs of the body and learn to protect themselves; Students in grades 5 and 6 should understand the growth and development characteristics of adolescence, the differences between boys and girls, the menarche and significance of girls, the first spermatorrhea and significance of boys, and personal hygiene knowledge of adolescence. In junior high school, we should learn to identify the risk factors that are prone to sexual assault and protect ourselves from sexual assault; In high school, it is necessary to understand that premarital sex seriously affects the physical and mental health of teenagers, avoid premarital sex, and understand the knowledge and methods of preventing AIDS. The above two "Outline" clearly put forward the objectives and contents of phased education at all ages, which provided a guiding basis for sexual knowledge education and prevention of sexual assault education in primary and secondary schools.

In the process of sex education for students, the school should first try to let underage students know the meaning of privacy, body autonomy and sexual assault, and let students know that the body is their own and no one can touch it at will; Your body can be divided into "touchable areas" and "untouchable areas". For "untouchable areas", especially private areas, except for a few cases such as parents bathing themselves or doctors examining their bodies, any touch should be refused. For physical contact that makes you feel uncomfortable and uncomfortable, no matter who the other person is, you can refuse to let him touch or approach; If someone touches you and tells you to "keep a secret", don't be afraid. Be sure to tell your parents, your trusted teacher or other adults, otherwise things will only get worse. Secondly, schools should let underage students understand that sexual assault on minors not only seriously damages their physical and mental health, but also seriously violates the law and should be severely punished by law. Thirdly, schools should also teach underage students the knowledge and skills of preventing sexual assault and implementing self-protection, such as educating students that strangers or acquaintances may be sexual abusers; Go out, go to school or go home together, and don't stay where no one is; Don't close the door when you are alone with the opposite sex, and don't go to the opposite sex dormitory alone; Don't accept drinks and food from strangers or others easily; When others want to sexually assault themselves, shout loudly. Under the condition of ensuring your own safety, you can take the following ways to defend yourself: stab the other person's eyes with your fingers, push the other person's crotch with your knees (the first two can be done at the same time), slam the other person's chest with your elbow, and wait for an opportunity to escape quickly; Once you are unfortunately sexually assaulted, you should tell your parents or teachers in time and don't rush to clean your body. You should pay attention to keep relevant evidence and go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time according to the arrangement of relevant departments.

Second, strictly control the access of teachers, and strengthen the legal education and ethics education for teachers. For students, the invasion from teachers often makes them hard to prevent. When a teacher reaches out a sinful hand to his students, the consequences will be disastrous. In view of the particularity of teachers' occupation, education administrative departments and schools should establish a strict system of teachers' occupation access. Caring, law-abiding, good moral character and healthy psychology are the necessary conditions for teachers, and those who do not have them are not allowed to engage in the teaching profession. The administrative department of education shall not grant teachers' qualifications to those who have received criminal punishment for intentional crimes, or who have bad conduct. Those who have obtained teacher qualifications shall be revoked according to law. When recruiting teachers, schools should strictly control morality and psychology, carefully examine candidates' files, and may not employ people who have been criminally punished for intentional crimes, people with a history of mental illness or people with bad conduct as teaching staff. When necessary, the school should entrust professional institutions to conduct psychological tests on candidates, and those with psychological abnormalities should be carefully employed. The school shall dismiss the teaching and administrative staff who have been criminally punished or suffered from mental illness due to intentional crimes, as well as the teachers with bad conduct, insulting students and bad influence.

The reason why some teachers commit crimes is often related to their weak legal concept. In life, a considerable number of teachers will not take the initiative to learn legal knowledge unless they encounter legal disputes. Therefore, in addition to the legal education that new teachers must receive before taking up their posts, schools should regularly invite legal experts to give lectures on the legal system for teachers, and guide teachers to learn the Teachers Law, the Law on the Protection of Minors, the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, the Measures for the Safety Management of Kindergartens in Primary and Secondary Schools, the Measures for Handling Student Injury Accidents, the Criminal Law, the General Principles of the Civil Law and the Tort Liability Law. Through legal education, teachers can understand the rights and obligations of ordinary citizens, the legitimate rights and interests and special protection enjoyed by minors, and the rights, obligations and responsibilities they should bear, so as to achieve the purpose of educating students.

Strengthen teachers' legal concept and model law-abiding consciousness, and improve teachers' consciousness and initiative to protect students. In the prevention of teachers' sexual crimes, teachers should be familiar with the legal provisions related to sexual assault, understand the related crimes and the legal consequences that the offenders will bear, and let teachers realize the importance of protecting students from sexual assault.

Law is the bottom line of morality, and illegal crime is the product of ideological corruption and moral corruption. Teachers are a sacred profession, and teachers should have lofty ideals and pursuits. In reality, a few teachers can't stand the temptation of some negative things, relax their requirements, act against professional ethics, and even slide into the abyss of crime. In view of this, schools should take the Code of Professional Ethics for Primary and Secondary School Teachers as the reference standard, strengthen the construction of teachers' morality, carry out regular education on teachers' morality, and establish corresponding evaluation mechanisms to ensure teachers' professional ethics.

Third, improve the school management system and strengthen the management and supervision of teachers' school-running behavior.

In reality, schools where underage students are sexually assaulted are often schools with loose management and imperfect related systems. Different from the behavior of employees in enterprises during working hours, teachers must strictly abide by the school class hours during normal working hours, and it is not uncommon for individual teachers with weak sense of responsibility to do private affairs unrelated to education and teaching activities during working hours. As far as the employment relationship is concerned, the working period should be the time for the laborer to provide services to the employer, and the laborer shall not engage in anything unrelated to his job during this period, otherwise it will constitute a violation of the employment relationship. In order to ensure the labor efficiency during working hours, the employer has the right to treat employees' labor.

This process is managed and supervised, and employees shall not refuse or exclude it. As far as schools are concerned, in order to ensure the efficiency of education and teaching activities, schools have the right and should conduct necessary management and restraint on teachers' working hours to prevent individual teachers from dereliction of duty or even "derailment".

On the issue of preventing sexual assault on campus, the school should, according to the actual situation of the school, formulate a code of conduct for teachers to perform their duties, and make necessary norms for the words and deeds of teaching staff during the performance of their duties. For example, it is stipulated that teachers should try to avoid physical contact with students (except for individual counseling and protection of teachers in physical education class), especially for students of the opposite sex; During class, students are not allowed to leave the classroom at will; Individual conversations or counseling for students can only be conducted in classrooms, conference rooms, offices and other public places, and the door shall not be closed; In the absence of a third party, teachers are not allowed to leave students of the opposite sex alone in classrooms, offices or other relatively closed places for conversation or counseling; After school, foreign students should get the parents' consent in advance and inform the class teacher or other class teachers, and so on. By standardizing and managing teachers' words and deeds, schools can reduce and eliminate the time and space conditions of accidents and protect students' safety to the greatest extent. In addition, the school can also evaluate teachers' education and teaching, teachers' morality and style through regular questionnaires to students, parents and even all walks of life, so as to strengthen the supervision and management of teachers in all aspects.

Fourth, correctly handle sexual assault cases on campus.

If an unfortunate case of sexual abuse of underage students occurs at school, the school should attach great importance to it and take appropriate measures in time in a highly responsible attitude towards students and society.

(a) to protect the scene and immediately report to the higher education administrative department and the public security organ.

In the past, after teachers sexually assaulted students in individual schools, for various reasons (such as fear of affecting the reputation of the school and the advanced participation of the school). ), school leaders are often unwilling and unwilling to report the case immediately, but try their best to conceal and delay the report, or passively wait and let it go, thinking that whether to report the case should be decided by the parents of the victims, which has nothing to do with the school. Individual school leaders even came forward to urge the parents of the victims and the violent teachers to "settle the case privately" with the intention of "digesting the case internally". This practice is very wrong. It should be noted that sexual assault on underage students has constituted an illegal crime, and public prosecution should be initiated by judicial organs to investigate the legal responsibility of offenders. The school's concealment and failure to report it is a cover-up and connivance for the perpetrators, as well as a disregard and injury to the victims, which is a serious irresponsible illegal act. Not only that, but this practice may also make the perpetrators get deeper and deeper in the mud pond of illegal crimes, thus causing greater harm to the injured students or causing new harm to other students. When dealing with sexual assault cases on campus, schools should abandon all selfish distractions and put the dignity of the law and the safety of students first. In view of this, the Communiqué of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice on the Incidents of Rape and Indecency of Students by Teachers in Liaoning and Other Places clearly points out that when a school has a sexual crime case that endangers students, it should immediately report it to the superior and the public security department, and actively assist the public security and judicial departments to detect the case as soon as possible and punish the criminals; Those who shirk their responsibilities and delay reporting should be held accountable for the administrative responsibilities of school leaders, and those who harbor criminals and conceal them should be resolutely held accountable for the legal responsibilities of relevant leaders and responsible persons according to law.

(2) Protect and help the victims.

While reporting the case, the school should also do a good job in protecting the victims. In view of the sensitivity of sexual assault cases, school staff should pay special attention to protecting the privacy of the victim students, and should not disclose the victim's name and relevant case information to irrelevant personnel to prevent them from multiple injuries. In addition, because the impact of sexual assault cases on the victim students cannot be eliminated in a short time, schools should also give them more care and support psychologically and academically in an appropriate way on the basis of maintaining their privacy and dignity and taking into account their feelings, encouraging and helping them get out of the shadows and return to normal life as soon as possible.

Relevant regulations

● Article 236 of the Criminal Law: "Whoever rapes a woman by violence, coercion or other means shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years. Whoever rapes a girl under the age of 14 shall be given a heavier punishment for rape. Whoever rapes a woman or rapes a young girl under any of the following circumstances shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death: (1) raping a woman or raping a young girl, if the circumstances are bad; (2) raping a woman or a number of young girls; (3) raping a woman in public in a public place; (four) gang rape of more than two people; (5) Causing serious injury, death or other serious consequences to the victim. "

● Article 237 of the Criminal Law: "Whoever forcibly molests or insults women by violence, coercion or other means shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention. Whoever gathers people in public places to fight or commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years. Whoever molests a child shall be given a heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs. "

● Paragraph 1 of Article 41 of the Law on the Protection of Minors: "Abduction, kidnapping and maltreatment of minors are prohibited, and sexual abuse of minors is prohibited."

● Article 35, paragraph 1, of the Measures for the Safety Management of Kindergartens in Primary and Secondary Schools: "School staff shall meet the corresponding qualifications and conditions. Schools may not employ persons who have been criminally punished for intentional crimes, or persons with a history of mental illness as teaching staff. "

● Circular of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice on the incidents of rape and molestation of students by teachers in Liaoning and other places;

First, resolutely crack down on sex criminals among teachers according to law, and go to hell.

Second, the person responsible for the incident should be dealt with seriously and will not be tolerated. Schools have the responsibility to protect students. The principal is the first responsible person of the school and assumes the leadership responsibility. If the school management is lax and teachers commit sexual crimes, the principal, the leaders of the education administrative department and the relevant management personnel shall be resolutely investigated for responsibility according to law. If the circumstances are serious, the administrative post shall be revoked and the public office shall be expelled. When sexual crimes against students occur in schools, they should immediately report to the superior and the public security department, and actively assist the public security and judicial departments to detect the cases as soon as possible and punish the criminals. Those who shirk their responsibilities and delay reporting should be held accountable for the administrative responsibilities of school leaders, and those who harbor criminals and conceal them should be resolutely held accountable for the legal responsibilities of relevant leaders and responsible persons according to law. Those who violate the teacher qualification certificate system and cause unqualified personnel to commit sexual crimes against students should be severely punished for engaging in malpractices for personal gain. Every faculty member in the school has the responsibility to protect the personal safety of students. Teachers who fail to report teachers' sexual crimes have lost their basic professional ethics as teachers and should be expelled from the teaching staff and never employed.