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Jiaozuo Coal Mine is an important anthracite production base in China and the earliest modern coal mine built in Henan. Up to now, Jiaozuo Coal Mine has experienced 12 1 year. Jiaozuo Coal Mine experienced the May 30th tragedy, Japanese invasion of China, the Great Leap Forward after the founding of the People's Republic of China and the wave of laid-off of state-owned enterprises after the Cultural Revolution, which is an important historical node in China since modern times. The whole history of Jiaozuo Coal Mine is the epitome of China's modern history. The industrial revolution in the world was triggered by the steam engine, and coal was the fuel of the steam engine. In the modern world, those who get coal win the world. In order to seize coal resources, great powers of various countries crossed oceans. Weak China, as a big coal country, has long been coveted by the great powers. 1895 China suffered a fiasco in the Sino-Japanese War in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and the treaty of shimonoseki was signed, and the China market was fully opened. Foreign businessmen come to China to invest and build railways and coal mines. For example, Kailuan Coal Mine, Fushun Coal Mine and Kaiping Coal Mine were all built by foreign capital. Jiaozuo Coal Mine in Henan Province was built by British wealth company at that time. Jiaozuo mining area starts from Bai Quan, Huixian County, Xinxiang in the east, passes through Xiuwu County and Jiaozuo City, reaches Aibo County in the west and Wuzhi County in the south, showing an east-west zonal distribution. Jiaozuo Coal Mine is the first modern coal mine in Henan and one of the most important anthracite producing areas in China. Anthracite is the best industrial and civil heating fuel among all kinds of coals. Jiaozuo coal was supplied to the British royal family as early as the beginning of mining in Fufu Company. At the beginning of mine construction, Great Development 1898 Yingfu Company obtained the privilege of "mining and ironmaking in the mountainous area north of the Yellow River around Huaiqing" in Henan. They surveyed this rich coal mine in Xiuwu County, Jiaozuo, opened a Zemeisheng factory here, and began to produce coal in 1908. Jiaozuo Coal Mine, the first modern coal mine in Henan Province, started. Although Britain's investment in Jiaozuo coal mine had colonial intention, it also promoted the modernization of the region. At the beginning of its production, Jiaozuo Coal Mine, a rich company, used cutting-edge equipment and technologies such as boilers, steam turbines and water pumps, and the price of coal produced was only half that of the surrounding small workshops. At that time, most local coal mines in China were small workshops with earthen kilns, and the backward technology of hand-chiseling kilns and carrying baskets and shoulders naturally could not compete, so they closed down one after another. Jiaozuo Coal Mine, a rich company, quickly occupied the local coal market, and its employees increased rapidly from more than 3,000 at first to 8,400 before the Revolution of 1911. In order to * * * Fu Company, thousands of small coal kiln factories in Jiaozuo moved towards union, and Zhongyuan Company was established to compete with Fu Company's coal mines. Both companies suffered heavy losses because of their competition with each other. Yuan Shikai attached great importance to Jiaozuo's coal mine business and personally promoted the merger of Fu Company and Zhongyuan Company. 19 15 In June, Fuzhong Company was established, operating in different regions and separately. After the merger, Jiaozuo Coal Mine ushered in great development, and Li Feng dug a big well, with a daily output of 1000 tons. Wangfeng Mine, which was put into production late, has completely transitioned from manual mining to machine industrial production, with a daily output of 3,000 tons, reaching a high level of infrastructure and management. Fuzhong Company's coal sales network covers the Yangtze River Basin, Beijing and Tianjin, and cities along the Longhai and Han Jing railways. The first merger of British merchant capital and Henan national capital opened the first development peak of Jiaozuo mining area. The miners of British Fu Shang Company are Da * * 1924. The output of raw coal in Jiaozuo Coal Mine has reached1600,000 tons, ranking third in the country, second only to Kailuan and Fushun coal mines. The number of workers in Fuzhong Company has reached more than 20,000, making it the largest group of workers in the Central Plains at that time. But the working environment of Jiaozuo coal miners is cruel. Most of the miners in Jiaozuo come from the local countryside along the Daokou-Qingdao railway. At that time, most people who pulled and carried baskets were teenagers. After a day's work, I don't know how many times my back will be rubbed by the rocks and coal walls in the roadway, and my arms will be red and swollen and covered in blood. As the saying goes, there are eighteen floors of hell on earth, and the miners are just below them. Work at least 12 hours a day, and the working hours will be extended at will. Miners far away from home live in the cellar dug near the mining area in order not to delay their work every day. It was dark, damp and stuffy, so they fell asleep with some wheat straw. The average daily salary of miners is only 0.2 yuan, which is only enough to buy three kilograms of rice and barely make ends meet. Moreover, mine accidents occur frequently, and gas explosion accidents will occur every one or two years, causing several or dozens of deaths and injuries. 1925 On May 30th, a May 30th bloody case occurred in Shanghai. The British killed and injured dozens of students in China, and a national strike and * * * movement against western powers began. More than 10,000 miners from British commercial companies held a national campaign in support of the country and demanded better working conditions. Workers gave speeches, posted slogans and distributed leaflets in every corner of Jiaozuo mining area. * * * for eight months, production stopped, and Fu Company could not bear it. It only resumed production after accepting the conditions put forward by the workers. Jiaozuo Coal Mine under Japanese occupation Japan is an island country with dense population and scarce resources, and has long coveted China coal mine resources. 193 1 year, Japan occupied the northeast and plundered coal. 1937 After the July 7th Incident, North China and East China were occupied, and almost all the modern coal mines in China fell into the hands of the Japanese and were plundered. 1February, 938, Japan occupied Jiaozuo, drove away British businessmen, controlled Jiaozuo coal mine and plundered coal resources crazily. During the seven years of Japanese occupation of Jiaozuo Coal Mine, * * * plundered 4.77 million tons of coal. In order to meet the needs of the war, the Japanese simply ignored the lives of miners, added bayonets and whips, and implemented the policy of "exchanging blood for coal". Drive more than 65438+100000 coal miners who are not as good as cattle and horses to produce1000000 tons of coal for them every year. Puppet Manchurian police guarding Jiaozuo Coal Mine 1942 There was a drought in Henan Province and crops failed. Everywhere in Jiaozuo mining area is starving, and there are bodies everywhere on the gangue hill, but they are forced to work. In Jiaozuo Mining Area 1 17 Division Field Hospital, Japanese military doctors conducted vivisection on captured miners and conducted "military medical education". Nakano Tanaka, a former Japanese military doctor, described the process of dissecting the living in detail in the article Memories at the Foot of Taihang Mountain-Dissecting the Living, and his behavior was outrageous. During the Japanese occupation, miners' guerrillas composed of workers in Jiaozuo mining area were also very active, often disrupting railway traffic and tirelessly fighting the Japanese army. The second golden development period after the founding of New China After the founding of New China, coal miners became masters of their own affairs, and Jiaozuo Coal Mine became a state-owned industry. The implementation of planned economic management, the development of coal production planning indicators, unified purchase and marketing. Jiaozuo coal mine, which was affected by years of war, began to recover gradually and ushered in the golden development period of several years after the founding of the People's Republic of China. 1952 produces a total of1690,000 tons of coal, and the coal output has reached the most prosperous level in Jiaozuo mining area before the founding of the People's Republic of China. The great development of Jiaozuo coal mine in recent years after the founding of the People's Republic of China has directly affected the present city scale of Jiaozuo. The first model worker conference in Jiaozuo Coal Mine/coking coal release 1958 started the "Great Leap Forward" movement, and the whole country began to strive for the goal of catching up with Britain in ten years and surpassing the United States in fifteen years. Within a few days, more than 200,000 farmers from Xinxiang and Anyang were organized to join the steelmaking team and coal miners in Jiaozuo, and a large number of mines were dug, earth blast furnaces were built, and coal was dug to make iron. With great manpower mobilization, the annual output of coal has climbed to new heights again and again from 65,438+0 to 465,438+million tons in 1958. In 65,438+0,966,5438+0 years, the annual output reached the highest level in history of 6,965,438+0,000 tons, and it has never exceeded this figure until today. Jiaozuo Institute of Mining and Technology was established in 1958. According to our usual impression, during the Cultural Revolution, the political situation was turbulent and all kinds of social production came to a standstill. In fact, Jiaozuo coal mine is not. During the Cultural Revolution, the output of Jiaozuo coal mine increased continuously. Despite the influence of various political movements, our working class still maintains a good working condition under the slogan of "grasping revolution and promoting production". The survival dilemma of Jiaozuo coal mine under the wave of marketization After the reform and opening up, some economic fields were liberalized. At that time, many state-owned enterprises were faced with the problems of backward equipment, high labor cost and serious overcapacity. At the same time, they were also impacted by the rise of a large number of private enterprises and the introduction of foreign companies after opening up, which led to the loss of these old industrial enterprises for years. By the early 1968+0990 s, a large-scale wave of laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises appeared. Jiaozuo coal mine has suffered losses all the year round and is difficult to operate. The mine is old, with large water inflow and gas, and there are too many redundant staff. By 1995, there were nearly 60,000 employees and more than 20,000 retirees in the mining area. By the beginning of the new century, the annual output of coal has dropped to about 3 million tons. In the past, during the planned economy period, the purchase and sale of coal were unified, and the employment of workers was also unified. Miners enjoy the glory of workers in state-owned enterprises and take iron rice bowls and factories as their homes, but now they are facing layoffs. Workers' wages can't be paid, and some mines give workers food stamps of several yuan every day to make a living. Workers began to do odd jobs for farmers, collect wheat, unload cement bags at handling stations and resist sacks. Some families with special difficulties go to the vegetable market to pick up leaves and go to the grain station to sweep rice. Jiaozuo mining area has been in a state of ruin. Now Jiaozuo Coal Mine has gone through market-oriented reform, established Coking Coal Group, bankrupted some mines, and the coal output has increased year by year, which has begun to revitalize. From 1898 to 20 19, Jiaozuo Coal Mine reincarnated two sons between 12 1. Jiaozuo Coal Mine is moving forward in twists and turns, just like old China, struggling to fly again in the wave of modernization. Jiaozuo Coal Mine will continue to write its destiny and fulfill its mission. (Image from the Internet)/////Fu Zhengqi is a native of Lushan. Since he was a child, he served as a liaison in the Fanxing Reading Club in Zhengzhou, and devoted himself to folk reading and promotion of Henan local industrial historical copyright works. 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