Veterinary knowledge

1. What is the common sense of using veterinary drugs?

The use of veterinary drugs is mainly in two aspects. First, it is used for animal groups, that is, ranchers use veterinary drugs to protect animal health or prevent and diagnose animal diseases for the purpose of producing animal-derived foods. At present, it is mainly used for pigs, cattle, sheep, rabbits, chickens, ducks, quails and other livestock and poultry; Second, it is used for individual animals, that is, breeders raise ornamental, competitive or companion animals not for the purpose of producing animal-derived foods. The health care, diagnosis and treatment of this animal are usually carried out in veterinary clinics or animal hospitals.

In two aspects, the indication is emphasized first, and then the rational use of drugs. The former, because it provides animal food for human beings, prohibits the use of veterinary drugs other than those allowed in the Catalogue of Feed Drug Additives (No.7 Document of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 1994).

And it should be used in strict accordance with the "Regulations on the Varieties and Use of Veterinary Drugs Allowed as Feed Drug Additives" (No.8 Document of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 1994). Ensure strict implementation of the withdrawal period.

2. The knowledge of small organisms should be no less than 200 words.

Organize your own language 1. The most powerful muscle in the human body is the tongue. It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open. It is impossible to hold your breath and commit suicide. 4. Every time you lick the stamp gum, it is equivalent to absorbing the heat of110. Right-handed people live nine years longer than left-handed people. 6. Crocodiles can't spit out their tongues. 7. Polar bears are left-handed. Starfish haven't evolved their heads yet. 9. A flea can jump 350 times its length, which is equivalent to a person jumping over an American football field 10. A cockroach with its head removed can live for 9 days, and the cause of death after 9 days is hunger 1 1. Giraffes don't cough 12. The owl is the only bird that can distinguish blue.

Because the cartilage tissue of the spine is easily compressed during the day. We have been drinking water in our stomach for 300 million years. Chocolate contains a chemical called phenyl. This is something that can be made in your mind when you are in love 17. Only 30% people will enlarge and narrow their nostrils 18. English contains the largest number of words in all languages, nearly one million, while German contains less than180,000, and French is even worse, less than 10,000. After that, my life will change several times. 20. The draft blueprint for the Eiffel Tower covers an area of over 65,438+04,000 square feet. 265,438+0. According to a law passed in Britain in 1845, suicide is a very serious crime, and the heaviest sentence can be hanged. Astronauts can't cry in space. Because there is no gravity, tears can't flow out. 23. The length of the chameleon's tongue is twice its own length. 24. The most commonly used toothpicks are American. 25. Blind chameleons still have the ability to change colors to adapt to their surroundings. 26.27% of American male college students think that life is a meaningless hell on earth. 27. The eye muscles of a normal person are 10000- 15000 times a day on average. 28. Elephants will remain in a standing position after death. 29. Some insects can live 65,438+0 years without their heads. 30. Da Vinci spent 123 1 painting Mona Lisa's lips. The speed of breaking glass can reach up to 3000 miles per hour. 32. Cows can supply more milk when listening to music. Roses picked in the afternoon can last longer than those picked in the morning. 34. The embryo of tiger shark has to go through a fierce struggle in the mother's womb, and the baby tiger shark who can be born alive will win in the end. 35. A 70-pound octopus can pass through a hole the size of a silver coin. Because they don't have a spine. Beethoven used to wash his face with ice water when he was sitting and writing songs. He believes it will make his brain make better things. 37. The stick insects in Indonesia are the largest insects in the world, some of which are as long as 1.38 feet. Men's bodies contain more blood than women's bodies. Usually, a person's blood can be as high as 65,438+0.5 gallons. But women only have 0.875 gallons. 39. The inventor of parachute gave a dog the first chance to parachute. 40. The wing length of a Boeing 747 is exactly the distance of the Wright brothers' first flight, 4 1. A JP crab may be as long as 65,438+02 feet. 42. Sharks can only detect one millionth of blood in water. Children grow faster in spring. 45. Do you know how much water from the Amazon River flows into the Atlantic Ocean? In the Atlantic Ocean, 65,438+000 miles from the estuary, all the water you drink is still fresh water. 46. Newborn turkeys need parents to teach them how to eat, or they will starve to death. 47. The moon weighs 810 billion pounds. Bats are the only mammals that can fly. 49. A caterpillar has more than 2000 muscles. 50. Hippos run faster than people. I'll give you some non-genetic food.

Although there is no convincing research report so far that these improved varieties are toxic, some researchers believe that artificial extraction and addition of genes may achieve some ideal effects, but it will also increase and accumulate trace toxins in food. The accumulation of this toxin is a long process, but it may indeed be in progress, so no one can be sure that these improved varieties are not toxic at present.

Secondly, the problem of allergic reaction. Because of the transfer of protein, people who are allergic to one kind of food are sometimes allergic to foods they were not allergic to before.

For example, scientists add a certain gene of corn to the genes of walnuts, wheat and shellfish, and protein also adds it along with the genes, so people who used to be allergic to corn may be allergic to walnuts, wheat and shellfish. The third is nutrition.

Scientists believe that foreign genes will destroy the nutrients in food in ways that people don't know yet. The fourth is the resistance to antibiotics.

When scientists add a foreign gene to plants or bacteria, the gene will be connected with other genes, and the success of this connection determines whether the foreign gene is accepted by the original gene. After people take this improved food, the food will transfer the drug resistance gene to the pathogenic bacteria in the human body, which will make the human body resistant to drugs.

The fifth is the threat to the environment. Many transgenic varieties contain bacterial genes extracted from Bacillus, which can produce a protein that is toxic to insects and pests.

This gene can prevent farmers from using synthetic pesticides, but biologists warn that it can also easily make insects resistant. If so, then the improved variety and its offspring will have no use value.

In addition, in a laboratory study in May this year, the larva of a butterfly died or developed abnormally after eating the pollen of milkweed plants containing Bacillus genes, which caused another concern of ecologists, that is, other species that are not within the scope of improvement may become victims of improved species. Finally, biologists worry that improved crops may spread to wild species through pollen and other media in order to cultivate better characteristics, such as stronger resistance to pests and diseases and drought.

Principle of alcohol disinfection Alcohol, also called ethanol, is the most commonly used skin disinfectant, and 75% alcohol is used for sterilization.

3. What knowledge do you need to sell veterinary drugs?

You don't have to have any knowledge.

Really good business knowledge is very extensive. But having the following knowledge can be good for you to sell medicine.

1, the knowledge of animal diseases, this can be related to veterinary medicine, and general veterinary drug companies have such training. You don't have to be a vet, but you know something about diseases.

You will know what to treat and what to prevent. Now all kinds of poultry medicines are mixed with many diseases.

So the more you know, the better. Some farmers don't really understand this disease.

But if you know nothing, people can feel it. If you are professional and persuasive.

The medicine is easy to push when it is pushed. 2. Understand the industry.

To know the drugs of companies in the same industry, how many good drugs are bought, what drugs they are and how much they cost. What kind of medicine killed many chickens.

None of these books are available, and no one can teach them. Only when pushing medicine, be sure to ask more and listen more.

In the process of drug promotion, you can learn how your customers choose drugs and what methods can impress them. Knowing your opponent can "create" your own advantages.

3, is the understanding of your product. In fact, in the veterinary drug industry, the efficacy of regular companies is similar.

The quality of small veterinary drug companies is uneven. So if you want to do it, try to choose a veterinary drug company with a bigger brand. Everyone has heard that it is easy to push when pushing.

Small brands are profitable, but who dares to use them? Some people may dare to try, but who knows how it will work, so they are too tired at first. It is better to do a good job of customer relationship first, and earn less if you earn less.

If the price is cheap and the quality is guaranteed, then customers will have the opportunity to choose you. If you choose to maintain a good relationship and want to engage in other brands of products in the future, it is easy to convince customers.

But you must ensure the quality of the medicine yourself. Otherwise it won't last long.

4. What should I pay attention to when using veterinary drugs?

Every drug has indications.

First of all, take the medicine according to the symptoms after the diagnosis of duck disease, and don't abuse it, so as not to delay the illness and cause adverse consequences. Secondly, the appropriate administration method should be determined according to the condition of meat duck, the purpose of medication and the physical and chemical properties of the drug.

Third, the dosage is accurate and administered according to the course of treatment. In order to achieve the ideal therapeutic effect, reduce adverse reactions and prevent drug resistance, the dosage should be accurate and given in strict accordance with the course of treatment, and the medication time should not be shortened or extended at will.

Fourth, the quality of veterinary drugs is reliable. Duck farms should buy veterinary drugs in pharmacies with a Veterinary Drug Business License, and pay attention to the instructions, batch number, origin, expiration date and usage.

Don't throw the package around, and the medicine can be treated only if it has no abnormal effect for a certain period of time. Never buy fake and shoddy veterinary drugs, or you will have an accident.

Fifth, pay attention to the influence of drugs on the safety of duck meat products. When using drugs, we should strictly follow the relevant provisions of the state and use drugs allowed by the state.

The treatment of duck disease should strictly implement the withdrawal period system, and the drug residue in duck meat should not exceed the standard. For the directional export of duck meat products, we should refer to the relevant standards of the importing country.

At the same time, we should also pay attention to the direct influence of drugs on the quality of duck meat products. Sixth, when two or more drugs are used together, we should pay attention to the incompatibility.

If the compatibility is improper, it may reduce the curative effect or produce toxicity.

5. How to use veterinary drugs correctly and reasonably?

Correct and rational use of veterinary drugs to ensure safety and effectiveness: ① principles of drug use.

Answer: Use drugs according to the cause.

Correct and definite diagnosis is the premise of correct drug selection. When the disease occurs, please consult the veterinarian first, and then use the medicine after laboratory examination if necessary. Drugs should be selected according to the results of drug sensitivity test of microbial infectious diseases.

B. Strictly control group medication and preventive medication.

For non-communicable diseases, group administration should not be used. For example, when individual laying hens get sick during the laying period, they should be isolated in time and treated separately. Preventive drugs were used in groups, and 33 kinds of drug premixes specified in the announcement of Ministry of Agriculture 168 were used for prevention.

C. Strict implementation of withdrawal period.

Drugs with a long withdrawal period indicate that it takes a long time for drugs to excrete in livestock and poultry, so. For livestock and poultry to be listed soon, we should strictly control the time and dosage of drug use and strive not to use drugs.

② Reasonable control of dosage and course of treatment. Answer.

Use a reasonable dose. It is not that the greater the dose, the better the effect. Many drugs are used in large quantities, which not only causes drug residues, but also causes livestock poisoning.

In actual production, the dosage of antibacterial drugs can be appropriately increased for the first time. B.

Drinking water administration should consider the solubility of drugs and the amount of water consumed by animals to ensure that livestock and poultry take enough drugs. It is best to separate animals that drink more water from those that drink less water, and at the same time extend the drinking time for animals that drink less water.

C. Drugs mixed with feed must be stirred evenly to prevent the dosage of drugs taken by livestock and poultry from being inconsistent.

If the medicine is not evenly stirred, it will cause livestock poisoning if it is eaten too much, and it will have no therapeutic effect if it is eaten too little. Similarly, animals with large food intake should be fed separately from those with small food intake, and those with small food intake should be fed for a longer period of time.

D. Pay attention to the viscosity of drugs when injecting drugs into muscles.

For drugs with high viscosity, the extracted liquid medicine should properly exceed the prescribed dose, and the injection speed should be slower. e .

The drug must be used continuously for more than one course of treatment. Don't use 1~2 times, and don't rush to change the drug variety, because many drugs need a course of treatment to show their efficacy.

F. Pay attention to withdrawal period

Where the withdrawal period is long, the dosage of drugs with large toxic side effects (such as sulfonamides) should be strictly controlled and the withdrawal period should be strictly implemented. ③ Seize the best opportunity.

Generally speaking, the earlier the drug is used, the better the effect, especially for microbial infectious diseases. Early medication can quickly control the disease. But bacillary dysentery should not be stopped prematurely, because it will make the bacteria unable to be eliminated in time and make them multiply in the body, thus causing more serious diarrhea.

Drugs for symptomatic treatment should not be used too early, because although these drugs can relieve symptoms, they will objectively damage the body's protective response and cover up the truth of the disease. ④ Effective medication should fully consider the characteristics of drugs.

For example, drugs absorbed orally can be used for systemic infections, while drugs that cannot be absorbed orally, such as furazolidone, sulfadiazine and colistin sulfate, can only be used for gastrointestinal infections. Choose the appropriate medication route for treatment.

For example, bitter stomach-invigorating drugs such as gentian tincture and nux vomica tincture can only taste buds and enhance the secretion of saliva and gastric juice by oral administration. If the drug is administered through the stomach tube, it can't directly strengthen the stomach without oral administration. ⑤ Pay attention to the effective concentration of drugs.

When intramuscular injection of kanamycin, the effective concentration should be maintained at 12 hours (h), and the interval between continuous injections should be within 10 hour. Generally, penicillin powder for injection should be used every 4 ~ 6 hours 1 time, and procaine penicillin can be used every 24 hours 1 time.

⑥ Try to choose drugs with diverse curative effects or special effects. If young livestock and poultry have yellow dysentery and white dysentery, berberine should be selected as soon as possible; When Toxoplasma gondii and Eperythrozoon are mixed, Xuechongjing should be used as much as possible. Apramycin is very effective in the treatment of Escherichia coli and Salmonella infection in poultry.

⑦ Pay attention to the contraindications of drug compatibility. For example, acidic drugs and alkaline drugs cannot be mixed; Antibacterials and adsorbents should be banned when oral live bacteria preparations are taken; Sulfanilamide drugs combined with vitamin c will produce precipitation; Sulfadiazine sodium injection combined with most antibiotics will produce turbidity, precipitation or discoloration, so it should be used alone.

Pay attention to the species differences of animals. For example, pigs and dogs are prone to vomiting. In the early stage of poisoning in pigs and dogs, emetic can be used, but equines are not easy to vomit and cannot be fed with emetic.

Pet-name ruby safe medication to prevent poisoning. If streptomycin is combined with gentamicin and kanamycin, it will aggravate the damage to the auditory nerve center.

Poultry is sensitive to trichlorfon and should avoid contact. Salinomycin has a good anti-coccidiosis effect, but it is harmful to equine animals and can only be used in pigs, cattle, rabbits and poultry.

Attending to prevent residue. For example, some antibacterial drugs, due to slow metabolism, may cause drug residues after taking.

Therefore, these drugs have a withdrawal period, and the marketing date of animals and their products must be fully considered when using them to prevent the "drug residue" from exceeding the standard and causing potential safety hazards.

6. What are the methods of using veterinary drugs?

Units using veterinary drugs shall abide by the provisions on the safe use of veterinary drugs formulated by the veterinary administrative department of the State Council, and establish drug use records.

Prohibit the use of fake and inferior veterinary drugs and drugs and other compounds prohibited by the veterinary administrative department of the State Council. The catalogue of prohibited drugs and other compounds shall be formulated and published by the veterinary administrative department of the State Council.

When using veterinary drugs with a withdrawal period to eat animals, the breeder shall provide accurate and true drug use records to the purchaser or butcher; Buyers or butchers should ensure that animals and their products are not used for food during the drug use period and the drug withdrawal period. The veterinary administrative department of the State Council is responsible for formulating and publishing the list of drug additives allowed to be added in feed.

It is forbidden to add hormone drugs and other prohibited drugs as prescribed by the veterinary administrative department of the State Council in feed and animal drinking water. Veterinary drugs that can be added to feed after approval shall be made into pharmaceutical feed additives by veterinary drug production enterprises before they can be added.

It is forbidden to directly add APIs to feed and animal drinking water or directly feed animals. It is forbidden to use drugs for human use on animals.

It is forbidden to sell edible animal products containing illegal drugs or veterinary drug residues exceeding the standard.