How to carry out production management in waterworks

Several problems about the pump room L. Cleaning the grille of the water inlet pump. In the water intake pump house of a water plant with surface water as its water source, the water output often decreases due to the blockage of the grille at the entrance of the suction pipe. Due to the influence of the configuration of detection instruments and pipeline layout, it is generally difficult to determine the reduction of water output of pumps, and it is often judged by observing the readings of ammeters in operation. Because the water level of the river bed is constantly changing, the working condition of the pump also changes with the increase of running time, and the reading of the ammeter is also uncertain, which gradually forms the congestion of the power grid. Considering all kinds of factors, when the ammeter reading does not decrease obviously during the operation of the pump, the decrease of pumping capacity of the pump can not be found in time, which leads to the increase of pumping water consumption. In order to avoid this situation, we think that the grid should be cleaned regularly according to the actual number of floating objects in the local raw water: it is best to clean it at least once a year, and at the same time, the working current reading files of the pumps under various water levels and working conditions should be established; Strengthen the management of operators. 2. Raw water pipeline cleaning. Pipes conveying source water, such as suction pipes and pressure pipes of the first-class pump house, often adsorb more aquatic organisms. With the increase of adsorbed organisms, the roughness of the inner wall of the pipeline gradually increases, the cross section of the water gradually decreases, the head loss of the pipeline increases, and the pumping water consumption increases. In this case, we must take regular measures to poison and clean up the living things; Bleaching powder is often used as medicine. Specifically, it is dissolved into a solution with a certain concentration and put into the suction pipe of a water pump or the inlet of the pump. The dosage shall be controlled at the inlet of the reaction (clarification) tank, and the residual chlorine value of the water sample shall reach 1.5-2.0, and the poisoning duration shall not be less than 24 hours. Generally, toxic cleaning is carried out in the dry season. 3. In order to ensure the seal between the rotor and stator when the water pump is running and keep the packing moist, the operation regulations stipulate that only the stuffing box is allowed to drip continuously. In order to meet the requirements of the regulations, when the pumps run to a certain number, when the stuffing box leaks a lot, the operator's job is generally to tighten the stuffing gland again. Only when the packing gland can not meet the requirements of the regulations can the packing be replaced, which is very unscientific, because the packing depends on the loop. When the operator tightens the packing gland again, the backwater ring will deviate from its original position under the pressure of the packing, and the packing will block the backwater nozzle of the water pump, resulting in non-backwater, packing sintering and accelerated wear of the shaft sleeve. The correct method should be to replace the packing immediately when the stuffing box leaks a lot, instead of tightening the packing gland. At the same time, it is necessary to establish a system of regular inspection of the pump cover, so as to replace the damaged packing and correct the backwater ring in time. 4. Due to various reasons, the supply and demand of water resources in a considerable number of water plants that promote energy-saving equipment are unbalanced, resulting in long-term high water supply pressure, considerable residual lift and great waste of electric energy. Moreover, from the operation situation of the water plant, the non-speed control unit is not suitable for the uneven water supply. When the water supply decreases, the working point of the pump may deviate from the high efficiency working point. At this point, the efficiency of the pump has decreased. Generally speaking, the efficiency of the pump is the highest when it runs at the rated working point. If the pump adopts speed regulation mode, the working point is still in the high efficiency area because of its equal efficiency characteristics. At the same time, after speed regulation, the running water pressure is reduced, which can save a lot of power consumption. Therefore, it will be an effective measure to install variable frequency speed regulating device on the water pump unit that plays a regulating role in the secondary pumping station to reduce the water supply power consumption of the water plant. Although the frequency conversion speed regulating device has good energy-saving effect, the initial investment is quite large. Under the premise that the economic strength is temporarily not allowed, the constant current soft start device is a good energy-saving device. The device detects the physical quantities such as voltage and current of the motor, inputs them into the specific analysis, calculates the current, and automatically adjusts the power factor of the motor by using the results, so that the motor always runs in the high efficiency area under the condition of load change. The constant-current soft starter has the following advantages: (1) The high performance-to-price ratio is only equivalent to the price of an autotransformer with the same capacity, and it has all the functions of an autotransformer. The difference is that the device is soft start and has little influence on the power grid. (2) It has a certain energy-saving effect. According to our test, the energy saving rate of the device is about 5%, which is not comparable to that of the variable frequency governor, but in terms of initial investment, its price is only110 of the variable frequency governor, which is undoubtedly very attractive. Second, some problems about the mixed flocculation precipitation (clarification) process 1. Generally, the mixing of coagulants must be high-intensity instantaneous mixing, which requires a large G value and a small T value. However, because the design water consumption of the structure is the water consumption of the treatment plant with the maximum service coefficient, whether the required G value can be reached when the treated water quantity is lower than the daily average water quantity depends on certain test parameters, such as the head loss value and the formation of alum in the initial stage of the flocculation tank. Different coagulants need different mixed flocculation conditions and should be treated separately when applied. The author once encountered this situation in production practice: the coagulant used at that time was ferrous sulfate chloride, and the flocculation and precipitation effect was better when the source water and structures with high turbidity were running at full load. However, when the turbidity of the source water is low, especially when it is under full load, the amount of water purifying agent increases and the working period of the filter is shortened. We can't analyze the problems of instruments and equipment in detail, but after simple mixing test analysis, this situation is mainly due to the high viscosity and heavy specific gravity of ferrous sulfate chloride, while the actual mixing flocculation G value is low, which leads to insufficient mixing, and a considerable number of water purifiers can't give full play to their functions, resulting in the high chroma of the effluent from the sedimentation tank, which is intercepted after flowing into the filter with water and attached to the surface of the filter material. Therefore, the head loss of the filter increases rapidly and the working cycle of the filter is shortened. We moved the coagulant dosing point from the entrance of the mixing flocculation tank to 50 m on the pipeline, which increased the pipeline mixing mode, improved the G value and strengthened the mixing effect. Practice has proved that the amount of water purifying agent can be reduced by about 40% under the same effluent quality of sedimentation tank. 2. Improvement of Flocculation Mode Generally, the flocculation tanks in old water plants include vertical flow baffle flocculation tanks, perforated cyclone flocculation tanks, reciprocating or rotary baffle flocculation tanks, and the flocculation time is 20-3Omin, which has great potential tapping capacity. In order to improve the water treatment capacity of water treatment structures, these forms of flocculation tanks can be transformed into standard grid, grid flocculation tank and folded plate flocculation tank. Standard grid and grid flocculation tank are mainly designed according to the different energy requirements of each stage of flocculation process, and are generally divided into 3-4 sections. High-intensity instantaneous mixing is an important prerequisite for efficient flocculation. The performance of flocculation device requires uniform dispersion of energy, slow turbulence in stages, multiple thixotropy and dense alum. The structure of the tank is very different from that designed by the traditional method, mainly in the following aspects: (1) The cross-section size of the flocculation tank is not designed by reducing the flow rate, and the average flow rate is always the same. Only the micro-vortexes generated by spoiler components with different sizes form turbulent state, which increases the collision probability and improves the flocculation efficiency, and at the same time, the energy generated is decreasing. (2) The average flow rate is greatly reduced. Folded-plate flocculation tank mainly uses the change of channel cross section between folded plates to change the flow pattern repeatedly, increase the velocity gradient, promote the collision of particles and improve the flocculation effect. The time required for high-efficiency flocculation is about lOmin, which is more suitable for tapping the potential of old water plants. 3. A new type of grid flocculation tank The standard grid flocculation tank has the characteristics of multiple cells, multiple layers and large meshes. According to the modern flocculation theory, "the number of cells in the reaction tank is reduced by reducing the speed of the vertical shaft; Compared with the standard grid flocculation tank, the new grid flocculation tank greatly reduces the tank volume, improves the unit load rate, simplifies the structure, saves investment and is beneficial to construction production management. The theoretical basis of its design is as follows: (1) The collision probability between particles in water is proportional to the g value. (2) The floc size is inversely proportional to the g value. Therefore, in order to improve the flocculation effect, it is necessary to form a large number of "micro-vortexes" in the water flow of the flocculation tank, the order of magnitude of which is the same as that of alum. Moreover, only under the action of this "micro-vortex" can alum particles fully collide, grow and increase, reduce the grid size, and properly control the proportional relationship between the network speed and the shaft speed, which will be beneficial to the formation of a large number of "micro-vortex", because the new grid flocculation tank is more efficient, more suitable for small and medium-sized water plants, especially for tapping the potential of structures. 4. Improvement of sludge discharge mode in sedimentation (clarification) tank The sludge discharge effect directly affects the efficiency of sedimentation (clarification) process. There are generally two ways to discharge mud from sedimentation (clarification) tanks in old factories: small barrels and perforated pipes. When discharging mud from a small bucket, one mud discharge pipe is often connected with multiple mud buckets. Because of the large streamline, there is a pressure difference between the mud hoppers during mud discharge, which easily leads to the phenomenon that the mud in the front section of the mud discharge pipe is connected in series, and the mud in the back hopper cannot be discharged when fresh water is discharged. In order to avoid this phenomenon, when using small buckets to discharge mud, each bucket is designed. However, due to the influence of the structure, it is generally not easy to increase the sludge discharge pipe when the old pond is rebuilt. At this time, it is considered to install a hydraulic nozzle at the mud discharge port of each bucket, and use the suction principle of water jet to balance the mud discharge pressure difference between buckets to assist mud discharge. Although this increases the working intensity, as long as the nozzle pressure water control valves are opened one by one in the mud discharge process, the mud discharge effect can be guaranteed. If conditions permit, mechanical siphon (pumping) should be adopted as the most ideal method for sludge discharge. Due to the short mud collection distance and incomplete mud discharge, the mud discharge pipe and mud collection orifice are easily blocked. At this time, the pressure water can be reversely connected to dredge, and at the same time, a sludge discharge pipe is connected outside the pool, and the sludge is forcibly discharged by a water pump.