The Social Function of Miao Culture and Education in Miao Wen

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Miao Wen has played a very good social function in economy, politics, culture and education. On the one hand, after the implementation of Miao Wen, the Miao language was used to publicize Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, the line, principles, policies and laws of the party and the state, which improved the political and ideological level of the Miao people. Let the masses know more about laws and regulations and protect themselves and society with national laws.

On the other hand, after the implementation of Miao Wen, the people experienced the atmosphere of equality among all ethnic groups, improved the self-esteem and self-confidence of the Miao people, promoted national unity and maintained social stability. Governments at all levels in Guizhou Province mainly write in Chinese, while autonomous prefectures and counties pay more attention to the use of Miao language and Chinese.

In the early 1980s, Taijiang County passed the resolution of the National People's Congress, which made the county town hang a plaque in both Miao and Han languages, reflecting the equality and unity of all ethnic groups in a certain form. Miao Wen also plays an important role in the judicial field. Jiang 15, a Miao girl in Jianhe County, married to her uncle's house as a daughter-in-law. She gradually learned about the constitution and laws of the country by entering Miao class, and wrote a petition to the court to divorce Miao Wen. The court heard the case according to law, which enabled her to dissolve the illegal marriage. These are all new things after the implementation of Miao Wen. Miao people have created splendid national culture in the long history, including politics, economy, literature, art, medicine, architecture and so on. Because there is no written language in Miao history, the cultural heritage is only passed on from mouth to mouth, which will inevitably be distorted or lost after a long time. After the establishment and implementation of Miao Wen, these national cultures have been well inherited and spread rapidly. Many experts, cadres and the masses used Miao Wen to collect and sort out a large number of folk literature materials and ancient books, some of which have been published in books, such as Zhang Xiumei Song, Miao Wine Song, Love Song, Qin Kaige, Gabaifu Song and Miao Ancient Song. Ethnic Affairs Committees in Ping Huang, Shibing, Kaili, Majiang and other counties (cities) have also published Miao literature books such as Li Ci, Bullfighting, Shilu Jiuge, Shilu Miao Songs, Shenci, Shibing National Literature Collection and Miao Li Ci, which have greatly enriched the cultural life of the Miao people. It plays an important role in inheriting and spreading Miao traditional culture and promoting cultural exchanges among all ethnic groups. At the same time, it also provides detailed information for relevant experts to study the history, customs, literature and art of Miao nationality. Miao Wen's creation has also played an irreplaceable role in the inheritance and dissemination of excellent scientific culture. In terms of medical care, the Institute of Ethnic Medicine of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture collected nearly 1000 Miao medicines by using Miao Wen, which enriched the treasure house of Miao medicines.

With the improvement of material living standards, people's requirements for cultural life are becoming more and more diverse. Some Miao people who have studied national languages have enlivened their cultural life by holding folk song competitions, creating and performing literary programs, and holding various forms of Miao language and literature competitions. You can also use Miao Wen to write couplets, letters, notes, and excavate and sort out folk literature and ancient books. The educational function of Miao Wen is mainly reflected in two aspects: bilingual teaching can speed up the teaching progress of Chinese and other disciplines and literacy in rural areas. Bilingual teaching of ethnic languages in schools has greatly promoted the improvement of the three rates of students in schools. In Miao areas where the mother tongue Miao language is the main communication tool, most children do not know Chinese before entering school, and even rarely hear others speak Chinese. As soon as they enter school, they must learn Chinese. Because they have no language foundation, it is difficult to digest and absorb, and students often have low interest in learning and slow improvement in their grades, which directly affects the improvement of school enrollment rate, consolidation rate and qualified rate. After carrying out Chinese teaching, through comparative teaching, let students annotate Chinese characters with Miao Wen to help them understand, so as to greatly improve their learning level, stimulate their interest in learning, and let students get in, stay and learn well. About 90% Miao students in Leishan No.2 Middle School have made remarkable achievements in promoting English teaching with the help of Miao Wen. From 65438-0985, the Chinese teacher of our school took the county-wide English exam with the help of the class, which promoted English teaching. The average score of the exam was the first in the county, and the passing rate was the third in the county-wide parallel class. 1986, the civilized beauty teacher of this school promoted English teaching with the help of Miao Wen. In the term exam, 2 1 Miao students scored 80 points 100 in English. Among them, three students who scored 100 are Miao people.

On the other hand, it plays a significant role in using national characters to read. Rural culture in Guizhou is backward, especially in Miao areas. The party and government have always attached importance to literacy education in rural areas in ethnic areas. However, due to language barriers, reading and writing in Chinese alone is ineffective. Even if you get rid of blindness, it is often impossible to consolidate because of the social environment in which language is used, and the speed of regaining blindness is also fast. Literacy is carried out in national languages, because Miao Wen is a phonetic symbol based on Latin letters, which is easy to write, remember and recognize, and the masses learn quickly, remember firmly and achieve good results. People use their mother tongue to speed up the learning of Chinese phonetic alphabet, and then annotate Chinese characters with Chinese phonetic alphabet, which speeds up the learning of Chinese characters. Songtao Miao Autonomous County implements bilingual teaching in Chinese and Miao languages. The progress is fast and the effect is outstanding. In seven years, 149000 people became literate, and the illiteracy rate dropped to 9%. Won the International Literacy Honor Award of the International Reading Association and became the fifth advanced county in China to receive this honor. Many ethnic minorities have low productivity and slow economic development because they have no culture and can't read popular science books in China. In areas where ethnic languages are popularized, the masses have mastered practical technologies such as hybrid rice planting technology, livestock and poultry breeding technology and scientific fruit tree cultivation by studying popular science books in ethnic languages, and generally achieved good economic benefits. In the poverty alleviation work, the Ethnic Affairs Committees of Qiandongnan Prefecture and Qiannan Prefecture organized manpower to translate and compile Miao Wen's popular science books such as Raising Chickens, Rabbits and Pesticides, and provided them to farmers to help them develop production by spreading scientific and technological knowledge.

During the period of 1988, when the Ethnic Affairs Committee of Sansui County was developing citrus production in Zhaitou Township of the county, it also translated the technical materials of citrus cultivation and management with Miao Wen and distributed them to the Miao people. A training course on citrus technology was also held, so that the masses could learn cultivation and management techniques against seedling books. In that year, the township established a citrus base of 1.24 mu, exceeding the plan by 24%, and planted 1.680 citrus plants. The survival rate is 98%. Now the annual output value of this item alone exceeds 200,000 yuan. (l) Newspapers: 1985, 1 In June, the first Miao Wen Dong newspaper in Guizhou Province was published in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, and the following year, Guizhou National Newspaper was also founded in Guiyang. During this period, many counties also set up their own newspapers and publications, such as Taijiang Miaowen Newspaper in Taijiang County, Feiyunya in huangping county, Guirenfeng in Majiang County, Longquan Mountain in Danzhai County, Leigong Mountain in Leishan County, Wuyang Riverside in Shibin and Miao culture. Miao Wen's fans in Jiuzhou, Gulong and other towns and villages in Ping Huang also spontaneously founded Miao Wen mimeographed publications such as Wuyang River and Qingshui Riverside. In addition, the People's Language Department of Guizhou People's College, Qiandongnan Institute for Ethnic Management and Qiannan Institute for Ethnic Management also have their own Miao Wen publications, and the South Wind of Guizhou Federation of Literary and Art Circles also has Miao Wen column. The establishment and distribution of these newspapers and periodicals have played a positive role in publicizing the policies and laws of the party and the state, mastering the scientific and cultural knowledge of the masses, and inheriting the excellent culture of the Miao nationality.

(2) Radio, film and television: 1986. In April, the Guizhou Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission, the Guizhou Provincial Department of Culture and Publishing, and the Guizhou Provincial People's Broadcasting Station decided to set up a column of "National Literary Team" in the literary broadcast program of Guizhou People's Broadcasting Station, which was broadcast once a week for 30 minutes each time. 1In August, 1987, Guizhou People's Broadcasting Station held a Miao language radio program "Voice of the Nation" once a week, each time 15 minutes. During this period, many counties also carried out Miao language broadcasting. And it has a certain scale. For example, huangping county Radio Station 1987 set up "Miao Radio News", which used Sunday morning, noon and evening to broadcast rural policies and local news of concern to ethnic minorities. 1990 was changed to "voice of the nation" and broadcast on FM radio, which was well received by the masses. From the beginning of 1994 to the end, the Miao language broadcasting in this county has been broadcast for 480 hours, with more than 9,000 articles. Movies: In 1980s, the local recording station of the film company of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture was equipped with Miao voice actors and actively translated Miao movies. During the period from1981July to19965438 August, there were 158 translated feature films and science and education films. These media, in the form of Miao Wen, are welcomed by the majority of Miao compatriots and have played a very good role in social education in Miao areas. People can learn about state affairs, get economic information and appreciate national art.