The connection and difference between bill pricing and quota pricing

The traditional quota pricing model is a mandatory pricing model of quota plus cost. The cost of labor, materials and machinery is determined according to the budget quota and unit pricing table issued by the government, and then the market information issued by the local cost department is used to make up the difference in material prices. Finally, the cost is calculated according to the unified charging standard, and the project cost is finally formed. The price of this pricing model is mandatory, which cannot truly reflect the actual consumption, unit price and expenses of the bidding enterprise.

The valuation of bill of quantities adopts the market pricing mode, which is determined by enterprises independently, and the "separation of quantity and price" pricing mode of market regulation is implemented. Based on the bill of quantities provided in the tender documents, the entity project and the non-entity project are priced separately. Entity projects use the same quantities, and the bidding enterprises fill in the unit price independently according to their own characteristics and comprehensive strength. Non-physical items shall be determined by the construction enterprises themselves. The adopted price is completely determined by the market, which can be combined with the actual situation of construction enterprises to adapt to the market economy.

Second, the difference of unit price composition:

The unit price used in the quota valuation is the quota base price, which only includes the labor cost, material cost and machinery cost required to complete the project content of the quota subtitle, excluding the overhead cost, planned profit, independent cost and risk. Its unit price composition is incomplete, which can't truly reflect the real price of building products and is not comparable with the market price.

The unit price used in the valuation of bill of quantities is a comprehensive unit price, including labor cost, material cost, machinery cost, management fee, planned profit and all responsibilities and general risks expressed or implied in the contract. Its price is complete, very close to the market price, comparable, intuitive and simple.

Third, there are differences in cost division.

Quota pricing divides the project cost into fixed direct cost, other direct cost, indirect cost, planned profit and independent cost tax. Bill valuation divides the project cost into partial bill of quantities, bill of measures, fees and taxes. The cost expressions of the two pricing models are different, but they reflect the same project cost connotation.

Fourth, the difference of subtitle setting:

The subtitle of quota pricing is generally set according to the construction process, and the engineering content contained is relatively simple and detailed. However, the division of the subtitle of the bill of quantities is considered as a "comprehensive entity", which generally includes many work contents. It forms a sub-item of the bill of quantities, namely the national unified budget quota sub-item, and expands and synthesizes it.

V. Differences in pricing rules

The engineering quantity of bill of quantities generally refers to the net consumption, which is calculated according to the calculation rules promulgated by the state and the design drawings. It does not include the operation loss and the increase of technical measures in the construction process. Its purpose is to fix the engineering quantity in the bidding price, and the bidding unit will quote the unit price, so that all the bidding units can work under the same starting line and goal, which can reduce the calculation error of engineering quantity and save bidding time.

The engineering quantity of quota valuation includes not only the net consumption, but also the loss of construction operation and the increase of technical measures. When calculating the engineering quantity, it should be measured separately according to different loss factors and various construction measures, and the resulting engineering quantity is different, which is easy to cause unnecessary disputes. The calculation of inventory workload is much simpler, only the net consumption is calculated, without considering the measures of loss and increasing consumption, and the calculation results are consistent.

In addition, the calculation rules of engineering quantity of quota pricing are different all over the country, and there are great differences. The calculation rules of the bill of quantities are unified throughout the country, and there is no regional difference in determining the quantities, which brings great convenience to the bidding work.

Six, the calculation program is different:

Quota pricing method is to calculate the partial quantities of unit project according to the construction drawing, multiply them by the corresponding unit prices of labor, materials and machinery, and then sum up to get the sum of labor, materials and machinery use fees of unit project, and then calculate other direct fees, indirect fees, planned profits, independent fees and taxes according to the prescribed charging procedures and guiding rates on the basis of this sum, and finally form the unit project cost.

The calculation procedure of bill of quantities is as follows: first, calculate the bill of quantities, then compile the comprehensive unit price, then multiply the quantities of each item in the list by the comprehensive unit price to get the cost of each item, and finally summarize the cost of each item to form the unit project cost. In contrast, the calculation procedure of bill of quantities is simple and clear, which is more suitable for project bidding, especially convenient for splitting and comparing quotations during bid evaluation.

Seven, bidding and bid evaluation methods are different.

Quota-based bidding, the calculation of pre-tender estimate and the calculation of bid quotation are all based on the same quota, the same engineering quantity and the same calculation procedure, so the comparison of labor, materials, machinery consumption and price in bid evaluation is static, which is the comparison of engineering cost calculation accuracy, rather than the comparison of comprehensive strength of bidding enterprises such as construction technology, management level and enterprise advantages.

The quotation of bill of quantities adopts market pricing mode. According to the bill of quantities given by the tenderee, the actual consumption quota promulgated by the state and the actual consumption quota of the enterprise itself, the bidding unit will set the price according to the market price, which is completely determined by the construction unit, so as to fully realize the consistency between the bidding quotation and the actual project and the market price and scientifically and reasonably reflect the project cost. When evaluating bids, it is not best to approach the pre-tender estimate, but the standard of "winning the bid at a reasonable low price, not lower than the cost price of the enterprise". The focus of bid evaluation is to judge the rationality of the quotation, find out the reasonable low price not lower than the enterprise cost, and award the contract to the reasonable low price. In this way, the bidding unit can be urged to shift the focus of bidding to how to reasonably determine the price of enterprises, which is conducive to fair competition and survival of the fittest in bidding.