Encyclopedia of vegetables

Green vegetables, also known as "Dayeqing" and "Kuanbang", are produced in Sichuan, with solid texture, thick leaves, bitter taste, blunt, cold tolerance and high yiel

Green vegetables, also known as "Dayeqing" and "Kuanbang", are produced in Sichuan, with solid texture, thick leaves, bitter taste, blunt, cold tolerance and high yield, each plant weighs about 0.5-5 kg. In Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, Chinese cabbage is called green vegetables, small vegetables and chicken hair vegetables. The seedlings are small, soft, creamy, fluffy and slightly sweet.

Directory 1, morphological characteristics

2. Distribution range

3. Planting techniques

4. shopping tips

5. Nutritional value

Morphological characteristics are hairless and milky white; The roots are thick and hard, often spindle-shaped, with a short root neck at the top; The base is erect and branched. The basal leaves are obovate or broadly obovate, 20-30 cm long, solid, dark green and shiny, and the base gradually narrows into a wide stalk. Entire or with inconspicuous rounded or wavy teeth. The midvein is white. Width1.5cm, with multiple longitudinal veins. Petiole 3-5 cm long, with or without narrow edge; The lower cauline leaves are similar to the basal leaves, and the base gradually narrows into petiole; The upper cauline leaves are obovate or elliptic, 3-7 cm long and 1-3.5 cm wide, with stems at the base, spreading, ears hanging on both sides, whole and slightly frosted. Racemes are terminal and conical; The flowers are light yellow, about 1 cm long, and about 1.5 cm long after pollination; Pedicel thin, as long as or shorter than flowers; Sepals oblong, 3-4 mm long, spreading upright, white or yellow; Petals are rectangular, about 5 mm long, blunt at the top, with veins and wide claws. Silique linear, 2-6 cm long, 3-4 mm wide, hard and hairless, with obvious midvein and reticular lateral vein; The beak is thin, the base is wide, and the length is 8- 12 mm; Pedicel 8-30 mm long. The seeds are spherical, with a diameter of 1- 1.5 mm, purple-brown and honeycomb. It blooms in April and bears fruit in May.

Vegetable cultivation has a long history. China and India have the longest history of growing green vegetables in the world. In the world, India grows the most vegetables, followed by China, and Canada ranks third.

Green vegetables belong to Brassica of Cruciferae and have direct roots. The stem is erect, with few branches, and the plant height is 30-90 cm. Leaves alternate, divided into basal leaves and cauline leaves. Basal leaves are undeveloped, creeping, oval, long 10-500px, petiolate, big head pinnately divided, terminal lobes round or oval, 5 pairs of harp-like lobes, densely stabbed, with wax powder. Cauline leaves and branched leaves have no petiole, the lower part of the stem leaves is pinnately cleft, the base is enlarged and holds the stem, and there are bristles and marginal hairs on both sides; The upper part of the stem is violin-shaped or needle-shaped, the base is heart-shaped, holding the stem, with hanging ears on both sides, whole or with technical fine teeth.

Racemes are infinite inflorescences, inserted at the top of main stems or branches. The flower is yellow with 4 petals, which is a typical cross. 6 stamens, 4 strong stamens. Silique strip, 9-24 mm, 2-3 mm wide, with a long beak at the top of 9-24 mm, 3? 15mm. Seeds spherical, purple-brown. Cell chromosome: 2n=20. The fruit is a pod, which consists of two pods with a diaphragm in the middle, and each side has about 10 seeds. The seeds are dark red or black.

Distribution: The cultivation history of green vegetables is very long. China and India have the longest history of growing green vegetables in the world. In the world, India grows the most vegetables, followed by China, and Canada ranks third.

Planting technology (1) There are two ways to grow vegetables, namely direct seeding or seedling raising. Direct seeding is mostly used in the north, and seedling raising is the main method in the south. Large-scale planting mostly adopts direct seeding, and small-scale planting mostly adopts seedling raising. Chinese cabbage seeds are small, with a 1000-grain weight of 2.5-4g. It requires careful soil preparation, sufficient fertilizer application and different row spacing according to the purpose of utilization. The row spacing of green fodder is 2.5- 1000px, and the sowing amount is 0.3-0.4kg/mu. If the seeds are harvested, the row spacing will be increased to reduce the sowing amount. Feed vegetables can be drilled or broadcast.

(2) To build seedbeds for green vegetables, the soil preparation should be fine and the fertilization and irrigation conditions should be good. Seedbed should be planted. When the seedbed grows to 1-2 true leaves, it can be moved into the field. Fertilization and irrigation should be applied during the growth of green vegetables to ensure Miao Zhuang. Winter in the north should be covered with a layer of organic fertilizer to keep warm and prevent freezing.

Shopping tips looks green without yellow leaves, which is basic, and of course it is also a sign of fresh vegetables. We don't buy food at work every day. If the vegetables we buy must be kept for a few days, I have one more conclusion. In order to make vegetables look clean and beautiful, some merchants will sprinkle water or wash them with water. Of course, it is no problem to eat them on the same day, but if they are kept for a long time, the taste will be much worse. If they want to keep them for a long time, they'd better choose vegetables without water.

Nutritional value reduces blood lipid

Green vegetables are low-fat vegetables and contain dietary fiber, which can be combined with cholate, cholesterol and triglyceride in food. They are cold in nature and hurt the spleen and stomach. It is necessary to add a little cold to alleviate the cold and cool nature. And excreted from feces, thus reducing the absorption of lipids, so it can be used to reduce blood lipids. Chinese medicine believes that green vegetables can promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, disperse blood and reduce swelling, and can be used for postpartum abdominal pain due to blood stasis and the treatment of furuncle and erysipelas.

Detoxification and detumescence

Plant hormones contained in green vegetables can increase the formation of enzymes and adsorb and repel carcinogens entering the human body, so they have anti-cancer functions. In addition, it can also promote blood circulation, and erysipelas can also enhance the detoxification mechanism of the liver, which is harmful to skin ulcers. Breast carbuncle has therapeutic effect.

Relaxation and relaxation

Vegetables contain a lot of plant cellulose, which can promote intestinal peristalsis, increase the volume of feces and shorten the residence time of feces in intestinal cavity, thus treating various constipation and preventing intestinal tumors. Indications: erysipelas, furuncle of hands and feet, mammary abscess, habitual constipation, calcium deficiency in the elderly, etc.

Beauty and health care

Vitamin C and carotene contained in green vegetables are important nutrients to maintain the growth of human mucosa and epithelial tissues, and they have cosmetic effects if eaten frequently. Green vegetables have the highest calcium content. An adult who eats 500 grams of green vegetables every day can meet his physiological needs by containing calcium, iron, vitamins A and C. In addition, green vegetables also help to enhance the body's immune ability.