The slogan of shutting down radioactive materials.

Ling is extremely excellent and proud. In the Year of the Rabbit, there will be a champion.

Some people say that the color of the earth is green, which breeds life and indicates the birth and future of mankind. I said, she is the cradle of life and the mother of mankind. She gave all her love selflessly to the children and grandchildren of mankind. She is really big and has a vast territory, but it is not endless; She is really beautiful, very beautiful, but she will not be young forever; She is indeed rich and rich in resources, but she is not inexhaustible.

Nowadays, the ecological environment of the earth has been seriously damaged by human activities. In particular, the problem of water pollution is more prominent.

First, let's look at a funny and sad story. A tractor stalled because there was no oil in Gezhouba Reservoir. When the driver saw pieces of oil slick in the tank, he scooped up the oil slick in a bucket and poured it into the tank. The tractor suddenly drove away. It can be seen that the seriousness of water pollution in China, our city is located in the subtropical monsoon region in the lower reaches of Jiulong River, and is rich in fresh water resources. 65,438+00 years ago, you could find drinking water a few steps away from home. However, with the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standards, water pollution is becoming more and more serious. Nowadays, most rivers in our city are not drinkable, and some rivers can't even be used for washing. People can only rely on waterworks to supply water for daily life. At one time, water was one yuan and fifty cents.

Water is the lifeblood of everything on earth. Water nourishes everything, breeds life and creates civilization. The distribution of water resources in China is extremely uneven. China's per capita water resources are less than 500 cubic meters, far below the internationally recognized critical value of per capita 1 10,000 cubic meters. Many large and medium-sized cities in the north stop production or limit production due to lack of water, resulting in annual losses of 654.38+02 billion yuan, and some cities in the south also have water shortage problems. At present, more than 300 cities in China are short of water, among which 108 cities are seriously short of water, and the water shortage is about100000 tons/day. Millions of people lack domestic water. ...

Facing the water resource of "dripping water is as expensive as oil", it is distressing for human beings to waste and pollute it: according to statistics, the global sewage discharge has reached 400 billion cubic meters, and the polluted water body is 5.5 trillion cubic meters, accounting for more than 14% of the total global runoff.

Water, air and food are the three elements of human life and health.

50% to 60% of human body weight is water, while the water content in children is as high as 80%. Without water, there is no life. The fresh water resources on the earth only account for 3% of the total water resources on the earth, and only 0.5% of these 3% fresh water can be directly drunk. Therefore, water is a precious resource for human beings and a fountain of life.

However, water pollution is quite common and serious in the world. When harmful substances in water exceed the self-purification ability of water, pollution will occur. These harmful substances include pesticides, toxic substances such as heavy metals and their compounds, various waste gases and radioactive substances.

The source of water pollution is mainly untreated industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater.

Dead organic pollution comes from untreated urban domestic sewage, paper-making sewage, agricultural sewage and urban garbage. Dead organic matter will consume dissolved oxygen in water and endanger the survival of fish; It can also lead to lack of oxygen in water, leading to the death of microorganisms that need oxygen. It is these aerobic microorganisms that can decompose organic matter and maintain the self-purification ability of rivers and streams. The consequences of their death are: rivers and streams turn black and smelly, and toxins accumulate, hurting people and animals.

Pollution of organic and inorganic chemicals These chemicals come from wastewater from chemical plants, pharmaceutical factories, paper mills, printing and dyeing factories and tanneries, as well as building decoration, dry cleaning, chemical lotions, agricultural pesticides and herbicides. Most organic products will accumulate in aquatic organisms, causing people to be poisoned after eating. The water polluted by organic chemicals is difficult to purify, and the safety and health of human drinking water are threatened.

Water pollution caused by human production activities. Water pollution caused by industry is the most serious. Such as industrial wastewater, which contains many pollutants and complex components, is not only difficult to purify in water, but also difficult to treat.

Industrial wastewater is the main cause of water pollution caused by industrial pollution. It accounts for most of the pollutants discharged by industry. Due to different types of factories, the pollutants contained in industrial wastewater vary greatly. Even in similar factories, the quality and quantity of pollutants are different due to different production processes. In addition to the direct injection of industrial wastewater into the water body, solid waste and waste gas will also pollute the water body. ...

Agricultural pollution is firstly caused by loose land surface caused by farming or land reclamation. When the soil and terrain are unstable, a large amount of sediment flows into the water, which increases the suspended solids in the water.

Another important reason is that the use of pesticides and fertilizers has been increasing in recent years. Only a small amount of pesticides and fertilizers used are attached or absorbed, and most of the rest remain in the soil and float in the atmosphere. Through rainfall, they enter the surface water and infiltrate into the surface water to form pollution.

Urban pollution sources are water pollution caused by urban population concentration and urban domestic sewage, garbage and waste gas. The pollution of urban pollution sources to water bodies is mainly domestic sewage, which is a mixture of various kinds of sewage produced in people's daily life, including sewage discharged from kitchens, bathrooms, bathrooms and toilets.

The industrial and domestic wastewater discharged from urban areas alone in the world is as much as 500 cubic kilometers per year, and each drop of sewage will cause several times or even dozens of times of pollution to the water body.

A large number of pollutants are first discharged into rivers, causing inland water pollution. In the early 1980s, China investigated the 53,000-kilometer reach. The investigation found that about 23.3% of the river sections could not be irrigated due to water pollution, and only 14% of the water quality reached the drinking water standard. The pollution of lakes and bays is also quite serious. Even groundwater can't escape this fate.

Water pollution does great harm to human health. Pathogenic microorganisms and viruses in sewage can cause the spread of infectious diseases. Some huge toxic substances in water can kill people and animals in a few minutes. The most dangerous are metal substances such as cadmium and lead, which can cause chronic poisoning after entering the human body. Once found, it can't be stopped.

There are many unfavorable factors in the influence of polluted water on human body: 70%-80% of human body is water, so drinking inferior water for a long time will naturally weaken resistance and inevitably lead to various diseases. In addition, when pollutants accumulated for a long time reach the human body and cannot be tolerated, no matter how smart the doctor is and how effective the drug is, it may be ineffective. Therefore, the statement that "water is the king of all kinds of medicines" is correct.

Influence of common drinking water quality items on human health;

Lead: harmful to the kidney and nervous system, highly toxic to children, and its carcinogenicity has been confirmed.

Cadmium: Acute damage to kidney.

Arsenic: It is harmful to skin and nervous system, and its carcinogenicity has been confirmed.

Mercury: It is extremely harmful to human body, and the main organs are kidneys and central nervous system.

Selenium: High concentration will harm muscles and nervous system.

Nitrite: It causes cardiovascular diseases, especially infants (blue infant disease), and is carcinogenic.

Total trihalomethane: chloroform has the greatest impact on health, and the most common carcinogenicity is bladder cancer.

Trichloroethylene (organic matter): Excessive inhalation will reduce the central nervous system and heart function, and long-term exposure will be harmful to the liver.

Carbon tetrachloride (organic matter): it has a wide impact on human health, is carcinogenic, and has a great impact on liver and kidney function.

In recent years, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted an investigation on water-caused diseases during the period of 197 1- 1994. Among 740 cases, *** 148 cases were caused by protozoa, and * * * 448486 people were sick. It is found that Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia pyriformis are two kinds of protozoa that need special attention. They most often appear in leisure scenic spots and animal husbandry areas, among which pigs and ducks are the most common. Statistics also show that 89 deaths were caused in 23 years, and 70 deaths were caused by protozoa.

According to the survey of the World Health Organization, 70% people in the world can't drink safe and hygienic drinking water. At present, 6.5438+0.5 million children under five die every year, most of which are related to drinking water. According to United Nations statistics, 250,000 people in the world get sick from drinking water or die from lack of water every day.

Water pollution not only threatens human beings, but also brings huge losses to fisheries. It seriously kills fish and shrimp, interferes with fish reproduction, and greatly reduces fish yield and quality. Sewage will also pollute farmland and crops and reduce agricultural output. Water pollution also causes other environmental degradation, affecting people's sightseeing, entertainment and recuperation.

Water is not only the source of life, but also extremely important to human beings, and the pollution is so serious. Therefore, we should prevent and protect water resources and make rational use of them.

Measures taken for sewage mainly include:

(1) Financial, administrative and legal guarantee

1. Financial support is an indispensable condition.

Obviously, financial support is one of the important conditions for pollution control. Without funds, all control measures cannot be implemented.

The support of the government is the backing.

Pollution control of urban water system involves a wide range, involving not only residents, but also the interests of outsiders, military systems, ethnic minorities and rights holders. Therefore, the water conservancy department alone can't solve the problem, even if the environmental protection department is added, the intensity is still pale and powerless. It needs the strong support of the municipal government, which also needs the support of the central government. Without the support of a strong government, many compulsory measures will be difficult to be effective.

3. Pollution control needs legal system.

Laws and regulations are the yardstick that people abide by. Local laws and regulations should be formulated to protect the urban water environment, so that the water system management department can follow the law and administer according to law, so that some things will be easier.

② Engineering safeguard measures

1. Thorough sewage interception and sewage/rainwater diversion must be implemented.

According to the field investigation results, domestic sewage is the most serious pollution source in the water system, and completely intercepting domestic sewage is the basis of pollution control. In addition, rainwater pipes are usually used as sewage pipes, so they are also important measures to implement sewage/rainwater diversion. Sewage is sent to the sewage treatment plant for treatment, and rainwater can be directly discharged into natural water bodies, reducing the treatment load of the sewage treatment plant, and sewage can be discharged through rivers.

2. Relocation and transformation of the old bungalow area.

Generally speaking, all new residential areas in cities and towns have a complete sewer system, and sewage/rainwater diversion has been implemented. However, most of the dilapidated houses in the old cottage area have no sewer system, and sewage/rainwater cannot be distinguished, which is the main source of river pollution. No matter from the point of view of pollution control or urban construction, it is necessary to relocate and transform the old bungalow area.

(3) Municipal management measures

1. Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban health.

Strengthen the comprehensive sanitation management in cities and towns, keep the streets clean, and reduce the pollutants brought into the river by wind and rain. Strict hygiene management shall be carried out in free markets, restaurants and floating population residential areas, and the hygiene of construction sites shall be strictly supervised, and small roadside shops and car washing spots that produce pollution shall be environmentally reformed or banned.

2. The sanitation department should improve the management level.

In view of the fact that workers in the sanitation department dump the collected garbage and excrement into the river, the sanitation department should improve the management level, strictly require workers to abide by the rules, educate workers to be clear about their responsibilities, and give corresponding penalties to workers who violate the rules and pollute the environment without authorization.

3. Reasonable arrangement of garbage disposal sites and public toilets.

We should improve the network of garbage disposal sites (especially in public places), so that people have a place to throw away their garbage and reduce the random dumping of garbage caused by the lack of garbage stations (boxes). Some public toilets should be set up by the river to facilitate people who are active outside and reduce the phenomenon of using the river as a toilet because there is no toilet.

4. Dismantle all illegal buildings that cause pollution.

All restaurants and water recreation halls that cause pollution along the river should be banned.

Water resources control measures

Strengthen the study of water resources allocation

Lack of water resources is an important factor affecting water quality. If the river doesn't flow, the water quality will deteriorate. The research on water resources allocation should be strengthened, and how to save water and protect water environment is a subject that must be studied. Build a number of sewage treatment plants and strengthen the application of treated water. The treatment plant and water pipeline should be planned and designed at the same time, and the treated clean water should be introduced into the river to save water resources and protect the water environment.

Public participation measures

1. Let the public participate in river environmental management.

The river management department should establish communication channels with residents along the line, visit residents regularly, announce the report telephone number, and let residents have the opportunity to participate in pollution source supervision, find problems in time and deal with them. Measures such as "three guarantees in front of the door" can also be implemented to give full play to the great enthusiasm of the masses to protect the water environment and effectively supervise and protect the water environment.

2. Do a good job in mass education

Strengthen public education on water quality protection, set up some warning signs along the river, and call on people to pay attention to water quality protection. In addition, the news media continue to educate the public on environmental protection.

However, in this process, several problems have not been paid enough attention or effectively implemented:

First of all, in the process of water pollution control, it is necessary to avoid equating water environment improvement with administrative compulsory measures. In the process of remediation, more economic means should be used to mobilize the internal enthusiasm of pollutant discharge units, so that the discharge of pollutants up to standard and comprehensive treatment become the initiative and voluntary behavior of enterprises. This can not only reduce the cost of administrative law enforcement, but also reduce or even eliminate the occurrence of corporate fraud, pursuit of formal standards and retention of substantive pollution, thus effectively improving the implementation effect of relevant laws and regulations. In addition to the usual measures such as economic incentives, rewarding advanced units that meet the standards and providing preferential policies, can we effectively combine water environment management with the market development of cleaner production technologies, create and build new enterprises and new markets that are conducive to environmental protection while stopping production and closing thousands of polluting enterprises, and organically link water environment management with other aspects of social economy, so that environmental protection work is no longer just a blind denial of the development of industrial enterprises, but a combination of affirmation and negation. From the long-term development, it is the general trend of world development for industry to move towards environmental health, and the development and utilization of cleaner production technology will occupy a huge market share in the near future. Therefore, we should seize the opportunity, make efforts to make use of the advantages of backwardness, and achieve greater economic development while promoting the improvement of environmental quality.

Secondly, in the process of water pollution control, we should also avoid equating water pollution prevention with the emission standards of industrial enterprises. China is a big agricultural country with a rural population of 70% and a low degree of agricultural modernization. The problem of agricultural pollution, which Rachel Carson, a famous American chemist and environmentalist, paid attention to in the 1960s, still has extremely realistic guiding significance in today's China. When we look for the pollution sources in most river basins in China, we will find that the wanton dumping of pesticides, fertilizers and other agricultural wastes into water bodies along the main stream and tributaries is one of the important reasons for the deterioration of water environment, and it is often these large amounts of agricultural pollutants discharged into rivers, lakes and oceans without any treatment that lead to water poisoning to a great extent. However, in the actual operation of water environment control, we can hardly see the measures to control agricultural non-point source pollution, and there is no pollution control behavior with wide social impact like "zero action". Of course, there is no denying that the pollution control of industrial enterprises is inextricably linked with the agricultural pollution control itself. For the management of "15 small" enterprises, the source of agricultural pollutants has been cut off to some extent, but from a practical point of view, this is far from enough; There is no denying that agricultural non-point source pollution is much more difficult to control than industrial point source pollution, and even almost inoperable. However, we can't think that it doesn't exist, because it is extremely difficult to solve this problem. This can only lead to the default of agricultural pollution, thus expanding the problem.

The process of water pollution control should be closely combined with the restoration and improvement of ecological environment. Environmental problems are different from any other environmental problems adjusted by departmental laws because of their inherent omni-directional and multi-factor characteristics, which requires that the watershed nature of water pollution problems should be considered first in the process of water environmental problems rectification, and the coordination and cooperation between provinces and cities along the Yangtze River and Lake should be strengthened. This point has gained important practical experience in the process of Huaihe River regulation and should be popularized throughout the country. Secondly, as an important part of the ecological environment, water resources are of great value to human production and life. Therefore, it is undoubtedly of great significance to combine the improvement of water environment with the development of the concept of water right and to clarify the beneficiaries of water resources utilization and the managers of water environment problems. At the same time, for the development and utilization of water resources, it is necessary to implement the principle of overall consideration of the whole basin, comprehensively balance production, living and ecological water use, and combine micro and macro to promote the fundamental solution of water environment problems.

Human beings have been nourished by water since ancient times and will continue to exist and develop in the future. No matter how the society progresses and the times develop, we can't exchange temporary economic development at the expense of the deterioration of the water environment, because that will have unbearable consequences for mankind and eventually lead to the extinction of all human civilizations. If the past water environment problems were caused by human ignorance, then today, we have gradually realized the seriousness of the problem; If we say that water pollution and the destruction of water ecological environment are the result of our neglect of management, then today, we have taken a solid step on the road of water environment management; If the completed governance work has played a gratifying and positive role in curbing the deterioration of the water environment, then the future work will be more arduous and arduous, requiring more perfect legislative support, more extensive social participation and more lasting all-round investment. The present situation of water environment requires us to persist in governance, and our achievements inspire us to be more confident in governance.

Water pollution control is more difficult than flood control and drought relief, because the occurrence of floods is accidental in time and limited in area, while water pollution is everywhere. Floods and droughts are natural disasters. In the face of natural disasters, human beings are more United, more diligent, more helpful and more enthusiastic. The Yangtze River flood in 1998 is an example. Water pollution is a man-made disaster, which is caused by people. Pollution control will affect the interests of some people and involve all aspects of society.

The Monkey King, he is my hero. Loyalty to the liver, righteousness, bravery, love and hatred are clear, and iron bones are clanking.

In many ways, computers really save a lot of time and energy. But sometimes computers can bring some trouble. This view is absolutely wrong. Handwriting is like a second self, and it also represents our image. Imagine, wouldn't it be shameful if the handwriting we wrote when we needed to sign was ugly? ~ and many controversies, such as the first author of the article, will be difficult to identify without handwritten manuscript to testify. If one day, we leave the computer, but there is no beautiful handwriting, it is still human misery.