The fine arts branch of fine arts

The traditional painting form of the Han people is to use a brush dipped in water, ink and color to paint on silk or paper. This kind of painting is called Chinese painting, which was developed after the May Fourth Movement relative to Western painting. It is also called Chinese painting.

Traditional Chinese painting (different from "Western painting") generally refers to the Chinese national painting that has been formed and developed on the soil of the Chinese nation for a long time and has its own unique system in the field of world art. Its spiritual core is "pen and ink". It uses brushes, inks and Chinese painting pigments to paint on special rice paper or silk. According to the theme of expression, it can be divided into figures, landscapes, flowers and bamboos, birds, animals, insects, fish, palaces and other painting materials. According to the expression means and techniques, it can be divided into fine brushwork, freehand brushwork, hook drawing, boneless, coloring, ink painting and other painting methods. According to the format, it can be divided into vertical scroll, horizontal scroll, album, fan and other styles. Chinese painting attaches great importance to pen and ink, using lines, ink colors and light and heavy colors, using hooks and spots, and using both dry and wet shades to express the physical structure of objective objects, combining yin and yang back to back; and using techniques such as the combination of virtual and real density and "blank space" to obtain Clever composition effect. The space processing in Chinese painting is also relatively free and flexible, that is, you can use the method of "looking at the small from the big" to draw mountains and mountains; you can also use the method of "looking at the mountains from a horse" to draw the Yangtze River thousands of miles away. Chinese painting emphasizes "both form and spirit" and "vivid charm". It not only advocates "foreign creation", but also inscribes poems and seals on the screen, integrating poetry, calligraphy and seal cutting. According to the progress of world culture and art, Chinese painting broadly encompasses two major types of painting: traditional Chinese painting and modern Chinese painting. They are independent of each other in a narrow sense, and integrated with Western art in a broad sense. This is mainly reflected in the significant differences in artistic conception and picture meaning. . Interior painting is a unique traditional craft in my country, which originated from painting snuff bottles. The painting method of the inner painting is to use a special deformed thin pen to hand-paint a meticulous picture on the pot blank made of glass, crystal, amber and other materials, with elegant style and exquisite brushstrokes. The art of interior painting is divided into four major schools: Beijing, Hebei, Shandong and Guangdong. Among them, the interior painting of the Hebei school has the highest level, the largest scale, the fastest development and the greatest influence. Not long ago, it was selected into the national intangible cultural heritage protection list. The birthplace - Hengshui, Hebei Province, was also named the "Hometown of Chinese Interior Painting" by the Ministry of Culture.

In the 16th year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty, Beijing's interior-painted snuff bottle craftsmanship was spread to Boshan, Shandong, the hometown of colored glaze. Painter Bi Rongjiu used locally produced high-grade glazed crystal materials to make pot blanks and began to make glazed snuff bottles with interior paintings. He became the founder of Boshan interior painting art and a famous master in the history of domestic painting in China. The invention of the internal painting brush is an important milestone in the history of internal painting art. Compared with the original bamboo brush, the inner painting brush has great advantages. It is easy to use, suitable for both writing and painting, which greatly enriches the expressive power of inner painting art and improves efficiency. On this basis, internal painting artists created "108 Generals of the Water Margin", "Along the River During the Qingming Festival", "Dream of Red Mansions", "Luoyang Xingdian", "Hundred Sons", "Hundred Beasts", "Hundred Beauties", "Hundred Cranes", "The Majestic Profile of Mount Tai" and a large number of interior painting art treasures. These works are mostly created based on historical allusions, myths and legends, and traditional themes. The scenes are grand, there are many characters, the composition is full, the layers are clear, the depiction is subtle, and the characters are vivid and vivid, the animals are lifelike, and the craftsmanship and techniques have their own styles, forming their own unique style. The artistic characteristics of interior painting are praised as the "Inner Painting School" by domestic and foreign collectors, enthusiasts and the International Tobacco Bottle Association. Artistic calligraphy is a practical font that has been beautified and decorated with artistic processing. The font is neat, eye-catching, beautiful, and easy to recognize. It is an indispensable tool for publicity and education, such as banners, blackboards, wall posters, venue layouts, exhibitions, and Artistic calligraphy must be written on product packaging and decoration, as well as on various advertisements, newspapers, magazines and book bindings.

Characteristics of fine art fonts

1. Old Song style: dignified and generous, with thin horizontal strokes and thick straight strokes, with pointed tops and rounded bottoms, horizontal strokes and closing strokes with a corner, and strokes with a corner when turning. obvious.

2. Imitation Song style: upright and beautiful, with straight and thin strokes, and obvious pauses when starting and ending the strokes.

3. Black body: The strokes have square heads and square tails, which are eye-catching and powerful.

4. Including numbers, text, and foreign languages ????can be designed into artistic fonts.

5. Nowadays, almost all fonts related to art can be designed to be beautiful, beautiful, and rich in artistic colors.

6. Adding brightly colored artistic calligraphy to a piece of art will enhance the entire work and attract more attention.

The process of writing artistic calligraphy

1. Checking: Determine the size and shape of the characters according to the needs of the application.

Most students tend to neglect grid making, therefore, this step should be emphasized.

2. Layout: The layout of artistic calligraphy must first understand the organizational structure of the font and the characteristics of the basic strokes.

The combination structure of Chinese characters includes individual structures, such as "民", etc.; there are left-right structures, such as "行", etc.; there are left-center-right structures, such as "do"; there are up-down structures, such as "春" ", etc.; there are upper, middle and lower structures, such as "草", etc.; there are closed structures inside and outside, such as "国", etc.; there are semi-closed structures inside and outside, such as "区", etc., and there are also combinations of "PIN" characters, such as "Sen" etc.

When laying out, the proportions of each part should be divided according to the combination structure of each word.

3. Determine the skeleton: Use a single line to draw the glyph. The pen should be light and the handwriting should be light.

4. Double hook glyph: the strokes should be unified, and the strokes should be drawn according to the position of the skeleton.

5. Color filling: Select the color as needed. When filling color, generally draw the outline first and then fill in the middle.

The method of changing artistic calligraphy is not a rigid formula, but can be applied flexibly. Some methods can be combined. For example, a three-dimensional artistic calligraphy can also change strokes, glyphs or structures. Only in this way can we truly write artistic calligraphy well. Nowadays, traditional art calligraphy courses have been replaced by font design courses. Font design can get rid of the mechanization of fonts. Font design can only design one character or several characters without considering the design strokes of other characters. The designed fonts can be used as logos, illustrations, etc. The white drawing method uses ink lines to depict objects without adding color. The white drawing method mainly uses lines and can also render light ink. When drawing lines, the brush and ink must be combined with the characteristics of the form. The twists and turns of the brushwork and the thickness of the lines must be based on the texture or characteristics of the object being represented. For example, using thinner and lighter lines to draw flower petals can easily express its characteristics. Delicate and soft; it is easier to draw leaves and branches with thicker and thicker lines to express their hard and thick texture; it is easier to express fluffy feathers when drawing bird feathers with thin lines that are slightly dry and empty at the beginning and end of the brush. And soft feeling.

There are two types of tracing: single hook and compound hook. What is drawn with a line at once is called a single hook. Single hooks are sometimes made with one color of ink, and some are made with two shades of ink depending on the specific object, such as flowers with light ink and leaves with thick ink. To re-hook, first use light ink to completely hook, and then decide to re-hook part or all of it according to the specific situation. The re-hook line cannot be hooked rigidly over the original line. The purpose of re-hooking is to accentuate the changes in texture and shade, making the object look more vibrant. Line drawing is an expression technique that uses lines and ink line shades, thickness, virtuality and solidity, weight, hardness and softness, and straightness.

In line drawing, the quality of lines is the main key to the success or failure of a painting. When drawing in white, the brush should be centered at the center. The pressure and speed of the pen should be even. The drawn line should have the effect of "soft on the outside and hard on the inside". The power should be contained within and should not be exposed to the outside. Lack of connotation The words are difficult to read for a long time. Excessive sharpness and exposed strength can easily give off a domineering image, and sometimes fashion can reduce the beauty of certain flowers and birds. Therefore, the lines drawn in white should be "embellished with gracefulness".

In the Jiaqing period of the Ming Dynasty, Zou Dezhong summarized the rich creative experience of his predecessors and mentioned the term "Eighteen Paintings" in his book "The Enlightenment of Painting". These eighteen painting methods are:

1. Drawing of flowing clouds

2. Drawing of ancient gossamer silk

3. Drawing of iron wire

4. Drawing of willow leaves

5. String drawing

6. Leech drawing

7. Mixed drawing

8. Prong nail drawing

9 .Cao Yi drawing

10. Nail head and rat tail drawing

11. Folding reed drawing

12. Reduced stroke drawing

13 .War brush water pattern drawing

14. Bamboo leaf drawing

15. Olive drawing

16. Earthworm drawing

17. Jujube Nuclear sketch

18. Dry wood sketch

The above eighteen description methods were understood by the ancients based on the clothing at that time (mostly wide robes and long sleeves), and some of them were available before the Tang Dynasty. As you can see, some were gradually added later. However, these eighteen descriptions do not include all the description methods of the predecessors. Some people advocate simplifying them into five types, or merging them into three major categories. Mr. Dong Mengmei, a contemporary painter who is good at line drawing of figures, pointed out that it is inappropriate to name the eighteenth name after the shape of line drawing.

He proposed the "Ten Methods for Using Pens", namely

1. Hanging needle brush method

2. Drawing brush method

3. Free brushwork

4. Wire brushwork

5. Come and go without a trace (double-pointed brushwork)

6. Connected brushwork

7. Dragging brushwork

8. Good at fighting brushwork

9. Jumping brushwork

10. Inverted brushwork

Mr. Dong Mengmei above Some of the ten subdivided brush-using methods are also applicable to line drawings of flowers and birds.