The origin of the aquarium

This is the "Jiangnan" migration theory.

According to a survey, more than 80% of the elderly people in Sandu Shui Autonomous County said their ancestors came from Zhu's Lane, Baimi Street, Jiangxi Province. This reflects the mainstream narrative.

Some say their ancestors came from Anhui.

This statement is widely circulated among the Shui people. It mainly comes from the genealogy of several major surnames in the Shui people and certain historical records, such as Dinghua Village, Jiawang Village, Tingpai Town, Sandu Shui Autonomous County Meng Zeming, 46 years old, belongs to the Shui tribe. He also likes to study the history of the Shui tribe. He said that the Meng surname of the Shui people came from Fengyang, Anhui, and was left behind when Zhu Yuanzhang came to Guizhou to fight the barbarians. It is said that he first lived in the south of Dushan City and later moved to Yang'an Township, Sandu. "The Origin of the Pan Family" also records that the ancestor of the Pan family was originally from Jiujiang Prefecture in "Jiangnan" Province; "Dushan Prefecture Chronicles" and "Dushan County Chronicles" both record that the Dushan Meng family was originally from Zhenjiang Prefecture in "Jiangnan Province" and came from the Song Dynasty to today's Shuizu area. In addition, Shui surnames such as Yang, Shi, Wang, Wu, and Mo are also said to come from Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, or from Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces, and it is said that they migrated here because of the war. However, some people believe that these so-called "genealogies" were self-compiled by Shui nationality intellectuals in feudal society as a last resort to avoid ethnic discrimination and to be eligible to participate in scientific examinations. Professor Sun Yi also believes that not all genealogies are "living fossils" of family or national history. This information is revealed: It shows that the Shui family has absorbed elements from some other ethnic groups (including the Han nationality) in the process of its formation.

Zeng Xiaoyu, in "Explanation of the Hierarchical Analysis Method of Chinese Loanwords in Shuiyu" (2002), "Based on the native words of each language of the Tai branch of Dong Tai language and the Dong Shui branch as well as the loanwords of medieval Chinese Based on the consistency in tone, it is speculated that the differentiation time of these two language branches will not be earlier than the Sui and Tang Dynasties. That is to say, the Shui language (Shui tribe) only emerged from a later ethnic group after the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Calling himself "Ren Sui", he called Shuijia, Shuijia, Liao, Shuimiao, etc. The earliest historical records recorded the people as "Shuijia" and "Shui" in the Tang and Song Dynasties. "Tang Shu·Nanman Biography" first recorded: " In the Kaiyuan period, E, Lao, Fushui and other Jisi prefectures were established. "In the history of our country, rulers once set up administrative agencies with the word "fu" throughout the country, euphemistically called "pacifying" and "caring" for the people. The Tang Dynasty established administrative agencies in Huanjiang County in today's Guangxi and Libo in Guizhou. "Fushui Prefecture" was also established at the border of the county. "But at that time, this place was already an area where the ancestors of the Shui tribe lived together." "As the name suggests, "the establishment of 'Fushui Prefecture' was an administrative system established by the Tang Dynasty to appease the Shui people. "("Research on Chinese Aquatic Culture" written by Pan Chaolin and Wei Zonglin.) Later, due to historical reasons, the appellation of the aquarium was used in other words, such as Liao, Liao, Shui Zhong, etc. In 1957, the new Chinese government officially resumed the use of the name "aqua". However, with the continuous development of fisheries, aquatic animals were quietly called "aquatic tribes" by the world. This cast an inexplicable shadow on the ancient aquatic tribe.

The Tang and Song Dynasties. Zhuang, Dong, Miao, Buyi and other ethnic groups interacted and merged, but their clan name "Ren Sui (Shui people)" has never changed. It was once collectively called "Liao" by the Han people, and was later called "Shui" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the period, they were called "Shui tribe". Luo Yue said there were several different opinions on the origin of the tribe. In the "Sanhe County Chronicles" compiled by Mr. Hu Yugao during the Republic of China, according to " "History of the Song Dynasty: Biography of the Southern Barbarians" records that Long Guang, a representative of the tribute group of the barbarians in Zangqi County, honored the order of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty. After performing a song and dance of his own country, he named it "Shuiqu". It is concluded that the Shui people got the royal title because of the name of the song. It is also said that the Shui people are descendants of the Longfan family from the southwest of the Song Dynasty. However, Professor Sun Yi believes: "Historical data records that the Fanlong family used reeds to accompany them when performing 'Shuiqu', and the reeds are not the musical instrument that the Shui people are good at. "

This theory has also been questioned by Mr. Shi Guoyi, an expert on aquarium research. He believes that "Lusheng is not the joy of this nation, so it should not be named after it. " There are currently two theories at home and abroad about the historical origin of the Shui people. One is led by academic professors Pan Chaolin and Wei Zonglin of Guizhou University for Nationalities, who believe that the Shui people call themselves "Sui" because they are named after the Suishui River Basin in Henan; This is the theory led by Wei Zhangbing, a researcher on Shui calligraphy in Guizhou, that "the Shui people are descendants of the Tuanlu branch of the great Gong clan"

As for the first theory, Liang Min, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also wrote an article. Question: Is there any connection between the Chinese characters "Suishui, Suihe" and the self-titled "Rensui" of the Shui people? This theory also needs further research. However, the Shui people originated from Jiangxi, Guangxi, and Guangxi in stages about 700 to 800 years ago. The view that Hunan and other places have moved to Guizhou has become common knowledge.

The Shui people call themselves "Ren Sui". According to the Shuishu theory, it can clearly be translated as "water man". I wonder why scholars say that the change from "睢" to "水" is a transliteration of sound and not an unintentional duplication?

Mr. Shuishu still reads mountain as "San" in Shuishu; water as "Sui"; tiger as "Husband"; heaven as "Listen", etc. The pronunciation of these water characters is very close to the Chinese pronunciation, but far from the current water language (the current Shui people call the mountain, tiger, and sky "nu", "mang", and "men" respectively). This information not only shows that the Shui people were a Chinese people in the Central Plains in ancient times, and their accent was very similar to today's Chinese. It also shows that the Shui tribe's self-proclaimed "Ren Sui" actually means "(water-controller)". Two large-scale genetic studies have proved that the Shui people are the ancestors of the Shui family and the ethnic groups in the northwest region.

Zhou Furong's "Living Fossil "Water Book" Inherits the History of the Aquatic Tribe" published in the 11th issue of "Reporter's Observation" in 2004 said: In 1997, genetic experts from Guiyang Medical College studied the Guizhou Aquatic Tribe and the Han, Miao and Buyi ethnic groups. Several major living ethnic groups conducted a study on population mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms, and conducted more than 2,600 experiments on 150 specimens from three generations of the same ethnic family. The results showed that the ancestors of the Shui family were descended from the ethnic groups in the northwest region.

In September 2004, Xinhuanet reported that "DNA research shows: Ancestors of the aquatic people came from the north": The Open Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Evolution of the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Guizhou Qiannan College of Ethnic Medicine *** Completed DNA research shows that in terms of genetic composition, the Shui people living in the south of my country have more sequence similarities with the northwest people than other southern ethnic groups, indicating that the Shui people are an ancient ethnic group from the north. For ancient writing, the Shui people call it "lesui". "Le" means writing, "Lesui" means water (home), and "Lesui" means the writing of the Shui family or the book of the Shui family. In my country 56. Among all ethnic groups, 17 ethnic groups have their own traditional writing, and Shuishu is one of them. It is an ancient written symbol similar to oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions, which records the ancient astronomy, folk customs, ethics, philosophy, and aesthetics of the Shui ethnic group. , law and other cultural information, it is known as the "living fossil" of hieroglyphs.

Shui Shu is the ancient writing of Shui people, one of the 56 ethnic groups in my country, and the general name of Shui people's books. Shui Shu has other honors. Titles: For example, the "Book of Changes" and "Encyclopedia" of the Shui people are important books that interpret the long, vicissitudes and bitter history of the Shui people. At the same time, the Shui Shu is also known as "a precious living fossil in the treasure house of ancient Chinese culture". The last unexplored territory of hieroglyphics. For thousands of years, Shuishu has become an "oppressed and restricted" script due to its mysterious writing structure and special uses, and has been passed down among the people with difficulty.

Judging from current research results, Shui Shu is generally considered to be a kind of witchcraft book. The production era of Shui Shu is extremely ancient. Some scholars speculate that the origin of Shui Shu can be traced back to the Xia Dynasty, and "Shui Shu and ancient times." There must be some marriage relationships among the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin people." The production location of Shuishi calligraphy was originally in the northwest area. It was gradually introduced to Jiangxi from the north, and then moved from Jiangxi to Guizhou Province. "They all came with it."

The structure of ancient Shui characters generally has the following three types: first, pictographic characters, some of which are similar to oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions; second, imitation Chinese characters, that is, writing Chinese characters in reverse, upside down or changing the shape of Chinese characters; third, they are imitation Chinese characters. It is a religious text, which represents various cryptographic symbols of the Shui people's original religion. The writing form is straight and vertical from right to left, without punctuation marks. The main carriers of Shui people's ancient writings today include: oral tradition, paper handwriting, embroidery, and inscriptions. Wood carvings, ceramic forging, etc. Shui Shu is mainly handed down by handwriting and oral transmission. Because its structure is mostly pictographic, it is mainly written and depicted with flowers, birds, insects, fish and other natural things, as well as some totems such as dragons. It still retains information from ancient civilizations and is still widely used in aquatic areas.

Shui Shu, a writing system with only more than 800 characters, has become the spiritual pillar of a nation, supporting its thousands of years of writing and civilization history. Pan Chaolin, who has been immersed in the field of Shui Shu research for many years, believes that Shui Shu has a unique charm. First of all, Shui Shu is an inherent culture of the Shui people. Shui Shu has its own unique writing system and is an integral and important part of ancient Chinese culture. Although this writing system seems very "immature" and fragile, it can travel through time and space and be passed down to this day. It is itself It seems very mysterious. The amount of information stored in Shui Shu has far exceeded the scope of Shui society. "Etiquette is lost and people seek it out in the wild". Some of the information contained in Shui Shu can help unlock the connotation of the ancient culture of the Central Plains.

In addition, among the 56 ethnic minorities in the country, about one-third have their own language and traditional scripts, and the Shui ethnic group, which has more than 400,000 people, accounts for one of them. This is worth studying. Moreover, Shui Shu is a major integration of Shui people's belief culture and a precious classic for studying Shui people's religious beliefs, astronomy and calendar, philosophical thoughts, literature and art, production and life, and many other aspects.

In 2015, China’s only Shui Autonomous County ended the tradition of passing down water scripts from male to female.