Please speak Mandarin, please write standard words, handwritten newspapers, picture books, grade four.

After the founding of the Republic of China, the "China Phonetic Unification Conference" was held in Beijing, which formulated the national tone system known as the old national tone in history, and determined the national tone of "Beijing Tone as the mainstay, giving consideration to the north and the south", with a strong tone. At the same time, the first phonetic symbol was formulated. 19 13 years, although the newly established government of the Republic of China formulated the old national accent, it still had the characteristics of entering the tone of Nanjing Mandarin in order to take care of all localities. At that time, the tone of Mandarin, which was designated as the official language, was a combination of Nanjing dialect and Beijing dialect: the flat tongue, nasal voiced sound and sharp voiced sound were different, the flat tongue, rising tone and falling tone were in line with Beijing dialect, and some vowels and entering tones were in line with Nanjing dialect, which was a compound common language with Beijing dialect as the main tone and taking into account the north and south. 19 18 (in the seventh year of the Republic of China) published the first set of nationally recognized phonetic symbols, based on the principle of "compromise between the north and the south, combining the ancient and the modern", including maintaining the entering tone characteristics, which was mainly created by the mixed extraction of Beijing Mandarin and Nanjing Mandarin. 1965438+On April 2, 20091day, Beiyang government set up a preparatory meeting to unify Mandarin. 1965438+In September 2009, the Dictionary of National Phonetics of the Republic of China was edited and published. During the period of 1920, due to the contradiction between the phonetic standard of Guoyin Dictionary and that of Beiping, the "Beijing Debate" broke out. In the same year, Zhang Shiyi, director of the English Department of Nanjing Normal University (now Nanjing University), published The Unification of Putonghua, which advocated the fundamental reform of phonetic symbols and national pronunciation, disagreed with national pronunciation, and advocated Beiping pronunciation as the national pronunciation standard. 192 1 year, China phonograph and Mandarin phonograph were released one after another, which set the tone for China phonograph. The phonograph "The Voice of China Nationalities" was read by wang pu in Shanghai, with the accent of Beijing and the accent of studying in Beijing. The phonograph of Putonghua is Zhao Yuanren's pronunciation in the United States. It is produced and distributed by Shanghai Commercial Press, and is based on Beijing dialect, rising tone and Nanjing dialect. 1932 In May, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China officially published the General Vocabulary of Guoyin, which provided a model for establishing the standard of Putonghua and became the first system of modern Chinese standards-Putonghua system. After 1932, all national language broadcasts were based on the National Telephone Glossary, and the national language standards were unified. The Mandarin system, the Mandarin system and the Mandarin system after 1949 all originated from the Mandarin system of this period.

new China

Ye Shengtao, who was in charge of textbooks from 65438 to 0949, renamed the subject of "Putonghua" in primary schools "Chinese". 1950 "provisional standards for Chinese curriculum in primary schools (draft)" stipulates: "The so-called language should be Putonghua based on Beijing phonology, which is a style written according to Putonghua." "The language used in the commentary is still Mandarin with the Beijing phonetic system as the standard, and there is no dialect." The Draft of Primary Chinese Teaching Syllabus and the Draft of Primary Chinese Teaching Syllabus emphasize once again: "The language and characters taught to children must be standardized Chinese. This language is Mandarin with Beijing accent as the standard, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and typical modern vernacular as the grammatical norm. Promoting Putonghua is an important task of the Chinese Department of primary schools. " "The first is the voice of words. This first requires teaching according to the pronunciation of Putonghua; Pay special attention to the pronunciation work in dialect areas. " 1955 During the "National Conference on Character Reform" and the "Academic Conference on Standardization of Modern Chinese" held in June, the official name of Chinese homophones was officially defined as "Putonghua", and at the same time, its definition was determined, that is, "Beijing pronunciation is the standard pronunciation and northern dialect is the basic dialect".