Farewell slogan

"Chang 'an is a stranger to infinite trees, but only weeping willows are responsible for parting. "Why do you always mention willow in your poems? Willow is the poet's favorite thought, and this origin is also related to a kind of sacrifice.

In ancient times, when traveling far away from home, there were grand sacrificial activities to offer sacrifices to the road gods and wish you a safe journey. This is because there is always some danger when going out. Nowadays people still say that going out is a disaster, not to mention the ancients. There are wild animals, robbers and natural disasters along the way, and accidents may happen at any time. People hope that they can be protected by fairies on the road. This immortal is naturally called the Road God, or the Walking God.

According to Yan Shigu's comments on Hanshu, it was Lei Zu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor. Because she died on the road while cruising with the Yellow Emperor, she naturally became a road god. Perhaps because of her name, people call the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the road god "Zu" for short.

The procedure of ancestor worship ceremony is very grand. First of all, we should pile up soil for the altar, put all the slaughtered animals on the altar, and then the car will drive from the altar, so as to ensure a pleasant journey. Of course, no matter how generous the sacrifice is, the road god will definitely not come to eat it. Those who finally see me off and those who come from afar can have a big dinner. It's called a farewell dinner. Because Zuli and farewell dinner are usually linked together, they are collectively called Zuzhu. In ancient times, uninhibited people not only drank, but also sang and danced. At that time, Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin. Before he left, Gao Jianli and others saw him off on the Xiao River. Gao Jianli's famous song "The Wind is Rustling and Cold" must be a farewell gift.

In the Tang Dynasty, ancestor worship ceremony was still popular. Li Bai said in "Farewell to Duke Jinling": "In May, Jinling West, ancestors left a white pavilion. If you want to find the peak of Lushan Mountain, you should bypass the Hanshui River first. " The ancestor here is Zuli. However, the ancestor worship ceremony in the Tang Dynasty was no longer so troublesome, even reduced to a wine, leaving only a farewell dinner. In Wang Wei's famous song "Send Yuan 20 th Century An Xi", "Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow-colored. Advise you to drink more wine, there is no reason to go out of Xiguan Yangguan. " This is probably Wang Wei's farewell dinner for Yuaner at the inn. At such a ceremony, people may naturally think of willow trees and reach out and break a branch. On the one hand, willows are full of vitality, which will also bless pedestrians with nine lives like cats. On the other hand, it will also make pedestrians miss their hometown and return in time.

If the traveler doesn't come back, people who miss him at this time will also break a willow branch and send it to people far away. During the Western Han Dynasty, Zhu traveled to Chang 'an, trying to get close to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty through Wei Qing, but he was always ignored and had to stay in Chang 'an for a long time. In the Tang Dynasty, Li He mentioned this in Zhi Brewery. He said, "My father was sleepy when he traveled to the west, and his family broke the willow tree in front of his door." In the Tang Dynasty, in Shi Gui's imagination, Zhu Fuyan's family looked forward to his return and folded all the side doors. Unlike giving away broken willows, broken willows are usually sent away by family members and often by wives. Li He didn't say who broke the willow tree in Zhufuyan's house, but nine times out of ten it was Zhufuyan's wife. Here, it is no longer the yearning between friendship, but the lovesickness between love.

This kind of lovesickness naturally belongs to the wife who lives alone in the boudoir (maybe there is lovesickness between the same sex ...), and it often happens in spring. Our ancestors thought that spring was a sad season for women. Shi Mao Zheng Yi explained this almost from the perspective of chemical reaction. He said, "In spring, women feel sunny and miss men." Willow began in early spring, and this yang that women feel often comes from willow. Romantic Chen Houzhu said very bluntly: "Liu moved Chun Qing, and Bi was shocked again and again." Seeing the willow, I feel homesick. The most famous is Wang Changling's "Forever in My Heart", "A boudoir young woman doesn't know how to worry, and her makeup goes up to the green building in spring. Suddenly, I met a stranger, Yangliuqing, and regretted teaching my husband to find a marquis. " When the girl saw the willow, she began to regret letting her husband go out to seek fame. When Zhufuyan's wife climbs the willow tree at home, she may also have this regret. Sometimes there will be paired orioles or swallows on this willow tree, which is tantamount to adding fuel to the fire for a lovesick woman. For example, there are four lines in Chu Xiang's Spring funeral march: "Willow branches are covered with swallows, and mulberry leaves are used to urging silkworms. If you are looking for such a meal, you will become a widow. " That swallow is simply enviable.

These lovesickness poems are written by men for granted, which makes women sentimental. In fact, once a woman's lovesickness is revealed, it will be like a scourge, which makes men irresistible. For example, Empress Hu of the Northern Wei Dynasty was a very strong woman. She had a strong desire for power and listened to political opinions twice, but she did not compromise on her desire. At that time, Yang Baihua, the son of Yang Dayan, the general of the Northern Wei Dynasty, was a handsome boy (if he had a younger brother, he should be called Yang Bailao, right? ), she took a fancy to it at a glance, but Yang Baihua didn't want to eat soft rice and be a gigolo. Hu Taihou wanted to reign supreme. He was afraid that Yang Baihua would change his name to Huayang and go to the Southern Dynasties.

Empress Tang was also lovelorn. One spring, Hu Taihou looked at the willow tree and wrote a poem entitled "Yang Baihua": "In February and March in Yangchun, the willow tree blooms together. Spring breeze entered the boudoir overnight, while Huayang drifted to the home in the south. I felt very weak when I left home, and I found Huayang in tears. I will return to Shuang Yanzi in autumn and spring, and I want to bring Huayang into the Bird's Nest. " I write catkins as well as my sweetheart. I don't mention the dirty story behind this poem. I just read this poem and missed every sentence. My voice is in tears. She actually won the sympathy of later literati with this poem. Gao Qi, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, accused: "Yang Baihua was too thin, not flying to the palace, but falling into the south of the Yangtze River."

It is said that after Hu Taihou finished writing this poem, he asked the ladies-in-waiting to hold each other's arms in court, stamp their feet and sing together, like a guard of honor, hoping to reach the south of the Yangtze River and touch their lovers. However, she doesn't know that this young woman is a "withered Yang Shenghua" in Zhouyi, and it won't last long (withered Yang Shenghua, see this article: marrying a little wife is a kind of good luck in Zhouyi, and divination is called a withered yang begets a pavilion). However, the queen mother is so powerful that what she wants is not eternity, but once. This infatuation is really touching. To paraphrase an online buzzword: "If you meet such an old lady, just ... marry her.