"Top-down" and "Bottom-up" * * * Building beautiful countryside

In p>213, the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture issued the Opinions on Launching the Activities of Creating "beautiful countryside", which kicked off the construction of beautiful countryside. In the same year, relying on the central policy, Henan Province issued "Implementation Opinions of Henan Provincial Department of Finance on Giving Full Play to the Role of Financial Rewards and Compensation in Promoting the Pilot Project of beautiful countryside Construction" and "Guidelines for the Application of the Pilot Project of beautiful countryside Construction in Henan Province". These policies are the implementation of "top-down" beautiful countryside construction at the provincial level. At the same time, all walks of life have also realized the importance of ecological environment protection and beautiful countryside construction, and the "bottom-up" beautiful countryside construction has also started spontaneously, which has brought about earth-shaking changes in the rural landscape of our province.

Top-down model is fruitful

Our province has established different beautiful countryside construction models, such as small town construction, overall urban and rural development, development of characteristic industries, poverty alleviation and relocation, and protection of traditional villages, with the mechanism of "competitive project establishment, standard management, environmental improvement, operation and maintenance, and performance evaluation". The project system and the pilot system have greatly stimulated the vitality of the grassroots. From 213 to 216, our province established 562 pilot projects for the construction of beautiful countryside, which led social funds to invest in the pilot projects through provincial financial guidance. In 217, our province started the competition project of building demonstration counties in beautiful countryside, and 31 counties were established as demonstration counties in beautiful countryside. The establishment of demonstration counties indicates that the construction of beautiful countryside in our province has entered a stage from point to area. The infrastructure conditions and living environment of villages where township governments are located and key central villages have been significantly improved, the level of equalization of public services has been significantly improved, and the efficiency of population agglomeration in towns and villages has increased. In 217, our province also issued the notice of "Innovation of High-standard Farmland Construction Mode for Comprehensive Agricultural Development and beautiful countryside Construction Pilot Project". After screening, Zhumadian suiping county was approved to carry out the pilot work of High-standard Farmland Construction Mode Innovation for Comprehensive Agricultural Development and beautiful countryside Construction Project. Since 218, a series of combination boxing to improve rural living environment, such as garbage disposal, sewage treatment, toilet revolution and village appearance improvement, have significantly improved the level of rural living environment in the province. During this period, 6.37 million households have completed the renovation of harmless sanitary toilets, and the popularization rate of sanitary toilets has reached 83%. More than 85% of counties (cities, districts) have established a market-oriented cleaning mechanism integrating urban and rural areas, and 95% of administrative villages' domestic garbage has been effectively treated.

The achievements of our province have also been affirmed by the state: on the first batch of national village planning demonstration lists, "Yangfan Village Planning in Jingju Temple Scenic Area, Guangshan County, Xinyang City" is impressively listed; On the list of the second batch of towns with national characteristics, "11 towns including Luanchuan Town of Ruzhou City and Zhulin Town of gongyi city" are on the list; In the list of national demonstration villages for improving rural living environment in 217, there are 3 guaranteed basic demonstration villages, 4 demonstration villages for environmental improvement and 3 demonstration villages in beautiful countryside. In 22, in the list of demonstration counties for the classification and resource utilization of rural domestic waste, yongcheng city of Shangqiu City and Guangshan County of Xinyang City in our province were on the list, and among the featured leisure beautiful countryside recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Province had eight finalists.

To sum up, the top-down construction of beautiful countryside relies on the support of national and local financial funds, with project-based competition as the main means, and through the formulation of policies by superiors and the implementation by subordinates, the entrepreneurial spirit of grassroots organization officers is stimulated, villagers are encouraged to explore characteristic industries and cultures, and the rural living environment and ecological environment are improved in a "point-to-area" way.

The bottom-up model is a necessary supplement

The bottom-up beautiful countryside construction model has the characteristics of "sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently". It mainly relies on private capital, with the participation of social elites, beautifies the rural environment and purifies the rural humanities in a low-cost, high-standard and humanized way. This model not only increases the happiness of rural aborigines, but also increases the sense of value of urban residents, and opens up the circulation of factors between urban and rural areas. It is a model worth popularizing. The following is an analysis of several common modes.

first, the development of tourism and homestay economy will drive the construction of beautiful countryside. Mo Gou Village in Mengzhou City used to be a remote village with traffic jams. In the past two years, a group of villagers returned to their hometowns to start businesses, fully tapped local landscape resources and pit caves, built an ecological water system, opened family hotels and farmhouse restaurants, developed rural tourism and homestay economy, and held a lecture hall on traditional culture. The popularity of the village was gathering and cultural activities were abundant, which brought a new civilized atmosphere to the countryside. 8% of the young people in Haotang Village, Pingqiao District, Xinyang City returned to their hometowns to start businesses, without digging mountains, filling pits, picking houses or cutting down trees. With the unique natural environment, ancient villages and folk customs as the soul of the village, the village was integrated into nature, making "rural areas become parks, agricultural areas become scenic spots, and rural houses become guest rooms" and selected as beautiful and livable villages in the country.

Second, run organic recycling farms to promote the construction of beautiful countryside. Xiaoliugu Village, Yuanyang County, Xinxiang City was originally a poor village. Farmer Li Wei and Japanese expert Kawasaki Hirohito reformed the original pig farm and developed an organic recycling farm. Kawasaki, 7, posted slogans such as "Don't drink white wine during the day", "Don't smoke and spit" and "Be diligent in cleaning toilets" on the window of the farm office. Through devoting himself to demonstration, the villagers nearby formed the habit of consciously cleaning the courtyard, paying attention to hygiene and caring for the environment. The contributions of the farm are: attracting foreigners to visit and study in Xiaoliugu through training business; Vegetable greenhouses rely on organic fertilizer and manual maintenance, sell products through e-commerce platforms, and provide employment opportunities for villagers; Compost and liquid fertilizer are made for free use by villagers, who contribute raw materials. Xiaoliugu Farm is currently listed as "Circular Agriculture Demonstration Farm". The circular agriculture of the farm has gradually improved the local ecology. This poor village along the Yellow River has also attracted the return of geese, egrets and other animals, and the poor village has become beautiful, beautiful and beautiful.

The above are the ways that people in the society improve the rural landscape by using funds to drive industrial development. Industrial development is also the only way for beautiful countryside's sustainable development.

*** Policy Suggestions on Building beautiful countryside

Top-down beautiful countryside construction can effectively improve the rural living environment and natural ecological environment, and should be further promoted to serve the rural residents. The bottom-up construction of beautiful countryside can supplement rural areas that are not covered by policies, such as barren hills and uninhabited ancient villages. We should encourage and mobilize all forces to spontaneously transform these space fields, improve the local ecological environment and serve social needs. The specific policy suggestions are as follows:

First, according to the requirements of beautiful countryside Construction Guide, we should continue to promote the planning, village construction, village capacity improvement, rural customs control, and public service supply of established villages. These activities cannot be handed over to the market and need to be improved through top-down financial funds and political pressure. However, our province's efforts to win central financial funds are not strong enough, and our province's emphasis on the protection of traditional villages and our ability to win higher-level finance need to be strengthened. Strengthening the ability to obtain higher-level finance can ensure the continuous progress of the construction of beautiful countryside in our province.

second, deepen the reform of rural land system, broaden the circulation scope of homestead, cultivated land and collective construction land, extend the circulation cycle, do a good job in property right certification and protection, and expand the market scope. Encourage social capital to carry out organic planting, modern forestry and modern animal husbandry in rural areas, build platforms to promote cooperation between large family farms and small farms, and use unified channels in procurement, planting and sales environments to reduce industrial costs. Formulate measures to support the development of organic recycling agriculture, and encourage capital to develop health care industries and tourism and leisure industries in rural areas. At the same time, do a good job in the supervision of illegal construction in rural areas, and put an end to capital construction, building halls and halls, and illegally building villas through satellite data and other means. Develop rural industrial economy in a "bottom-up" way to provide industrial support for beautiful countryside's construction.

Third, guide science and technology to empower the construction of beautiful countryside. Encourage social capital to participate in the construction of digital agriculture and digital villages, promote the application of agricultural remote sensing, Internet of Things, 5G, artificial intelligence and blockchain, and improve the informatization level of agricultural production, rural governance and social services; Participate in the investment in agricultural and rural information infrastructure, the basic data resource system and the construction of big data centers for the whole industrial chain of important agricultural products; Encourage social capital to participate in the "internet plus" agricultural products from the village to the city project, information into the village and household project construction, promote the online sales of high-quality agricultural products with characteristics, and promote the docking of agricultural products production and marketing. Guide financial technology companies to provide scientific and technological support for the construction of beautiful countryside through a "bottom-up" approach.

Fourth, encourage officials, retirees from enterprises and institutions, and migrant workers to participate in rural construction as "rural sages". Xinxiang xian is a "converter" for transmitting old and new cultures. They can use their own personality charm to infect people around them, transmit national policies and modern knowledge in a way that they like to see and hear, and unite people's hearts. Xinxiang xian is also a "safety valve" to ease social conflicts. They can use their high group status to resolve conflicts among villagers and between villagers and policies. Therefore, to formulate specific policies to encourage wise people to retire to the countryside and solve their specific difficulties in rural life will help to complete the "governance civilization" in the construction of beautiful countryside.

in a word, we should pay attention to the differences of conditions in the construction of beautiful countryside, and adhere to the guidance of classification according to local conditions. Instead of sweeping across the board, we should pay more attention to the characteristics and personality of the village, guide the situation according to the situation, promote the harmony between people, people and nature, and bring out the best in each other's village form and ecological environment.