About the war

Literary works: 1. Sun Li's "Luhuadang" and "Lotus Lake"

"Luhuadang" mainly tells the story of an old hero. The story happened during the Anti-Japanese War. An old man held a small boat and passed through the enemy's night blockade countless times in Baiyangdian, transporting grain and grass for the guerrillas and escorting cadres. He didn't carry a gun, relying only on his dexterous pole and swimming ability like a water duck to shuttle through thousands of acres of reed ponds without ever having an accident. Thanks to him, the guerrillas maintained transportation connections inside and outside Dian. . But one time when he was escorting two girls to cross the blockade at night, they ran into an enemy's small steamer, and one girl was injured. This blow almost made him lose the strength to move forward; but he vowed to avenge the girl. The next day, he outsmarted the enemies alone and picked them off one by one, avenging the girl. This novel is quite legendary, with vivid characters and distinctive description of the environment. It is worth learning from.

"Lotus Lake" wants to ask how many reed fields there are in Baiyangdian? have no idea. How many reeds are produced every year? have no idea. All I know is that every year when the reed flowers are flying and the reed leaves are turning yellow, all the reeds in the lake are harvested and piled up, forming a Great Wall of reeds in the square around Baiyangdian. The women were making mats in the courtyard. How many seats are arranged? In June, the lake is full and there are countless ships...

2. Leo Tolstoy's "War and Peace"

Content introduction:

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"War and Peace" has many characters, grand scenes, complex events, serious structure, and magnificent momentum. The writer describes his characters against a broad historical background and various living environments and atmospheres, sometimes in luxurious and elegant aristocratic salons, sometimes in smoke-filled battlefields; there are also lingering and pathos love stories between young men and women. , and there are horrific battle scenes. Tolstoy focuses on describing the complexity of characters and showing the development of characters from all aspects. Therefore, each of the hundreds of characters in the book is lifelike, unique and full of appeal.

"War and Peace" is a huge work, consisting of four volumes and nearly 1.2 million words. Based on the original work and with reference to the movie of the same name, the original book has been extracted and condensed into 100,000 words for young students to read. I believe that readers can also appreciate some of the charm of this great work from this condensed juvenile version of "War and Peace".

Answer: Pearl Milk Tea’s Brother - Tongsheng Level 8-28 21:09

"War and Peace" is written by Lev. Tolstoy's masterpiece, which is more than 1.3 million words long, took 7 years of hard work and was highly praised by Lenin.

The novel takes the war for Europe that began in 1805 and the Russian Patriotic War in 1812 as its main lines, exposing the greed and despicability of the court dignitaries and bureaucratic aristocrats Vasily in Petersburg, the Russian capital. The work describes a time span of more than ten years and more than 500 characters. It praises the heroic qualities and strong character of the nation and reflects the life of all classes in an important historical period in Russia.

In July 1805, Napoleon led his troops to conquer Europe, and a fierce war was brewing between France and Russia. However, the upper class people in Petersburg still lived a quiet and leisurely life. The dignitaries gathered at the family banquet reception held by the queen's female officer and favorite Anna Pavlovna.

Attending the banquet were the high-ranking palace official Prince Vasily and his beautiful but misbehaving daughter Meilun, as well as a tall and strong young man named Pierre, who wore glasses and had short hair. Wear light-colored trendy shorts and a tan tuxedo. Pierre is the illegitimate son of the famous Moscow aristocrat Bezhuhaof. He studied abroad since he was a child. At the age of 20 this year, he returned to his country to find a job in the capital. As soon as he entered the banquet hall, he was very interested in people talking about Napoleon's European conquests. Here, he happily met the handsome and resolute young Andrei, the eldest son of Bolkonsky, the retired commander-in-chief of Emperor Paul, and the two soon became good friends.

At this time, Andrei was being called by General Kutuzov to serve as his herald and was about to go abroad to fight the Napoleonic army in Europe. His wife and sister Mary, who was about to give birth, repeatedly persuaded him not to give birth. Staying will not change his determination. He hopes to bring glory and glory to himself through this war. Before the expedition, Andrei sent his wife from the capital to her father who lived outside Moscow and entrusted his father to take care of her.

So he rushed to the front line and caught up with the Russian commander-in-chief Kutuzov in Poland. The commander-in-chief sent him to serve in the joint column and received a commendation.

When Pierre returned to Moscow, he inherited all the inheritance from Count Bezhuhoff and became one of the leading capitalists in Moscow and the darling of the social world. His relative Vasili had long had a peek at the property of the Bezhuhauf family, and wanted to get it by tampering with the will. After that failed, he deliberately tried to win over Peter. On the one hand, he got a big official position in Petersburg, and on the other hand, he tried to win over Peter. She tried her best to arrange for her daughter Mei Lun, who was already a palace official, to marry Pierre in order to make money. In the end, his plan was successfully accomplished, but the marriage turned out to be extremely unfortunate. Pierre discovered the ambiguous relationship between his wife and his good friend Dobhoff. He fought with Dobhoff and luckily knocked down the opponent. Then he separated from his wife and fell into the dilemma of good and evil, life and death. In 2001, after joining the Freemasonry, he was influenced by the philosophy of magnanimity and took his wife back.

When Andrei returns to the commander-in-chief again, the battle of Austerrich between the Russian and Austrian forces against France is about to begin. Because at the pre-war military meeting, they overruled the opinions of several veteran generals and adopted an immediate attack strategy, the result was a disastrous failure. Andrei was wounded and captured. He fell into a coma on the way and was mistakenly thought by the enemy that he would not survive. Kutuzov also thought that Andrei was killed in action and sent a letter to his father to report his death. But Andre recovered with the help of ordinary people. After recovering, he went straight to his hometown. That night, his wife Lisa gave birth to a baby boy, but she died during childbirth. In loneliness and despair, Andre gave his wife the last kiss. He felt that life was meaningless and decided to live in the territory forever.

Answer: Full of Faith - Manager Level 4 8-28 21:12

War and Peace Story Summary (Introduction)

This is a production A sophisticated, rigorously conceived blockbuster. The scene is magnificent and majestic. It inherits the tradition of the former Soviet Union in shooting historical films, perfectly integrates the spirit of Tolstoy's original work, and reproduces the vast historical picture of Russia during the Russo-French War. The film centers on the Russian Patriotic War of 1812 and reflects major events from 1805 to 1820, including the Battle of Austerlitz, the Battle of Borodino, the Great Fire of Moscow, and Napoleon's retreat. Through the description of the thoughts and actions of the four major families as well as Andrei, Pierre, and Natasha in war and peace environments, it shows the style of Russian society at that time. The American version, adapted from the Russian writer Tolstoy's masterpiece, is not as artistically accomplished as the Soviet version, but the bright stars and Hollywood-style narrative techniques make the local audience more accepting of this 208-minute popular drama. The elegant Audrey. Hepburn plays Natasha and the gentle Henry. Fonda is a good choice to play Pierre, and the love story between them has become the focus of the plot. But other actors, such as the Eight-Power Allied Forces, could not faithfully reproduce the turbulent story of the great era when Napoleon sent his army to attack Russia. Director Kim. Vidor obviously greatly simplified the plot and connotation of the original work, but the war scenes were still shot quite seriously and impressively.

Idiom: The Battle of Julu in 206 BC, when Xiang Yu defeated Zhang Han. This war has two meanings: first, the main force of the Qin army was eliminated, and the peasant army gained the initiative in the war; second, Xiang Yu became the commander-in-chief of the coalition forces from a general, and the war began to gradually transform from the battle to destroy Qin to the Chu-Han war. .

The idiom "Strong walls and clear fields" comes from "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms·Book of Wei·The Biography of Xun Jue (yù)".

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, after Cao Cao suppressed the Yellow Turban Army and occupied the Yanzhou area, he ambitiously prepared to seize the important area of ??Xuzhou.

At that time, there was a man named Xun Jue in Yingyang, Yingchuan (now Xuchang, Henan). He was a very talented man. He moved to Jizhou to avoid Dong Zhuo's rebellion, and was treated as an honored guest by Yuan Shao. He saw that Yuan Shao could not achieve great things, so he defected to Cao Cao's sect. Cao Cao was overjoyed and appointed him Sima. From then on, he followed Cao Cao in his southern and northern campaigns, making suggestions and winning Cao Cao's trust.

In 194 AD, Xuzhou Mu Tao Qian died of illness and gave Xuzhou to Liu Bei before his death. When the news came, Cao Cao could no longer hold back his desire to seize Xuzhou, and was busy sending troops to Xuzhou. Xun Jue understood Cao Cao's thoughts and said: "Back then, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty secured Guanzhong and Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu occupied Hanoi. They both had a solid base. They could advance enough to defeat the enemy and retreat enough to defend it, so it became a great cause.

Now the general ignores Yanzhou and goes to attack Xuzhou. If we leave too many troops in Yanzhou, it will not be enough to capture Xuzhou; if we leave too little, if Lu Bu takes advantage of the opportunity at this time, it will not be enough to defend Yanzhou. In the end, Yanzhou must have been lost and Xuzhou was not taken. He also pointed out, "It is the wheat harvest season now. I heard that Xuzhou has organized manpower to harvest the wheat outside the city and transport it into the city." This shows that they are already prepared. Once the news comes, they will definitely strengthen their defenses, transfer all supplies, and be ready to attack us. (The original text is: 'Now the east is harvesting wheat, and the walls must be fortified and the fields clear to wait for the general') . In this way, your troops are really gone, the city cannot be attacked, and nothing can be obtained. Within ten days, your army will collapse without a fight. "

After hearing Xun Jue's words, Cao Cao was very impressed. He concentrated his troops and quickly defeated Lu Bu. Later, he defeated Liu Bei and occupied Xuzhou.

"Strong walls clear the wilderness": Strong walls are to strengthen city walls and fortresses; clearing the wilderness is to store away food and property in the wild, and to strengthen fortifications and move all the residents and supplies from the surrounding areas so that the enemy can neither attack in nor grab anything, so they cannot stand. Stop. This is a method of fighting against a superior enemy.

The idiom "rising up" comes from "Guo Qin Lun" by Jia Yi of the Western Han Dynasty. It talks about the peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang in the late Qin Dynasty.

In July 209 BC, the local official of Yangcheng (now southeast of Dengfeng, Henan Province) sent two officers to escort 900 poor and strong men to Yuyang (now Miyun County, Beijing City) To defend the frontier, the two officers selected two strong men from among the strong men to serve as village chiefs and let them manage the remaining strong men. One of the two chiefs was Chen Sheng (zi She), a farmhand; The other was named Wu Guang, a poor farmer. They didn't know each other before, but now they met and their common fate soon made them good friends.

Chen Sheng and Wu Guang went north. They hurried on without delay, because according to the law of the Qin Dynasty, if they missed the date, they would be beheaded. However, they had just walked for a few days and arrived at Daze Township (now southwest of Su County, Anhui) when it rained heavily. , had no choice but to camp and wait for the weather to clear before leaving. The rain kept falling, and seeing that the date was delayed, Chen Sheng discussed with Wu Guang and said, "Even if we leave, if we miss the date, we will die. If we escape, we will be arrested by the government." Living is also a death. Anyway, he is going to die, so it is better for everyone to rebel together, overthrow Qin II, and eliminate harm for the people. "

Wu Guang is also a wise man. He agreed with Chen Sheng's opinion and agreed to use the help of Prince Fusu, who was killed by Qin II, and Xiang Yan, the former general of Chu State who was deeply supported by the masses. Xiang Yu's grandfather), in order to call on the world to attack Qin II.

So Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led a few of their henchmen to hack the two officers to death, and then took their weapons. At first, they explained to everyone that they would die in vain if they rebelled against righteousness. These hundreds of people suddenly expressed their willingness to risk their lives and follow Chen Sheng and Wu Guang. They cut down trees as weapons and held high bamboo poles as flags to fight against the sky. They swore to work together to overthrow Qin II and avenge the Chu general Xiang Yan. Everyone also elected Chen Sheng and Wu Guang as their leaders, and the peasants of Daze Township immediately occupied Daze Township. Young people came to the camp with hoes, rakes, poles, and wooden sticks to join the army.

People simplified "cutting wood into soldiers and raising poles into flags" into the idiom "raising poles and rising up", which is a metaphor for holding high. Yiqi, rise up to resist.

Chao Qin Mu Chu

Pinyin: zhāo qín mù chǔ

Allusion: During the Warring States Period, Qin and Chu were two great kingdoms. They are in opposition to each other and often fight. For the sake of their own interests and security, some princes and small countries sometimes lean towards Qin and sometimes towards Chu.

Source: "Ji Ri Ji Ji" by Chao Buzhi of the Song Dynasty. "Ting Fu": "The disciples are placed in all directions, and they are facing the Qin Dynasty and the Chu Dynasty is late. ”

Example: Sigh~, relying on Liu for three years. (The twenty-ninth chapter of Kong Shangren’s “Peach Blossom Fan” of the Qing Dynasty)

Besieging Wei and rescuing Zhao In 353 BC, Wei State besieged Zhao State , Qi State sent Tian Ji to lead his army to rescue Zhao. Tian Ji took advantage of Wei's emptiness and led his troops to attack Wei. Wei's army returned to rescue his country. Qi's army took advantage of its exhaustion and defeated Wei's army.

Zhao successfully defeated the Warring States. During this period, Qi general Tian Dan used the Fire Ox Formation to attack the Yan army and defeated the Yan army. This is what Sun Tzu said in the chapter on the art of war: "Every warrior wins by surprise."

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War, chaos and chaos

bīng huāng mǎ luàn Idiom allusion: Huang, Chaos: refers to the instability of social order. Describes the chaotic and unstable scene of society during the war.

Idiom Source: The fourth chapter of "Wutong Ye" by Anonymous of the Yuan Dynasty: "The army will be in chaos, and they will definitely be driven away and taken prisoner. "Example: At this time, there was war and chaos everywhere, the Qin Dynasty, the late Chu Dynasty, and the Chu Dynasty. I reluctantly made an "Old Tang Book", and I still had the leisure and ambition to write this ink." (The first chapter of "Flowers in the Mirror" by Li Ruzhen of the Qing Dynasty)

Bingrong meets each other

bīng róng xiāng jiàn Idiom allusion: Bingrong: weapon. Meet with force. Refers to using war to solve problems.

The beacon fire continues year after year

fēng huò lián nián Idiom allusion: beacon fire: the fireworks used by the border security in ancient times. A metaphor for war or war. It means that the war continues year after year.

The source of the idiom: Yuan Dynasty Dai Liang's "Jiulingshanfangji·24·Climbing Dalao Mountain": "It's worth looking back to the southeast, where the beacon fires have been heard year after year."

Military violence< /p>

qióng bīng dú wǔ Idiom allusion: Qiu: to exhaust; 黩: casually, arbitrarily. Use force at will and continuously launch aggressive wars. Described as extremely militant. < /p>

Pillow on the Ge and sleep on the armor

zhěn gē qǐn jiǎ Idiom allusion: Sleep on the Ge on the pillow and wear the armor. Describes often living in war.

The source of the idiom: "Book of Jin·He Lian Bo Bo Zai Ji": "I have no talent to rectify the chaos, and I cannot help the common people. I have been sleeping in the enemy's arms for ten or two years, but the whole world has not been unified. ."

Huò jié bīng lián Idiom allusion: knot: connection; soldier: war; connection. The wars continued one after another, bringing endless disasters.

The source of the idiom: "Hanshu·Biography of the Xiongnu": "Although there were achievements in defeating the enemy, they were always retaliated, and the army continued to cause disasters for more than thirty years." Example: As soon as I went to my hometown, I lost my voice. , misfortunes have caused the army to fall apart, and the charming phoenix and young luan have no faith to spread. (The first chapter of "Wutong Rain" by Anonymous Yuan Dynasty)

Turn war into jade and silk

huà gān gē wéi yù bó Idiom allusion: It is a metaphor for turning war into peace.

The source of the idiom: "Huainanzi·Yuan Daoxun": "In the past, Xia Gun built a city of three ren, and the princes turned against it, and there were cunning intentions overseas. Yu knew that the world was rebelling, and he destroyed the city and the pond. , scattered wealth and property, burned armor and soldiers, showed them virtue, served overseas guests, accepted duties from all barbarians, united the princes in Tushan, held jade and silk, and held all nations."

Dragon Blood Xuanhuang

lóng xuě xuán huáng Idiom allusion: a metaphor for fierce war and rivers of blood.

Origin of the idiom: "Yi Kun": "When dragons fight in the wild, their blood is black and yellow."

Every tree and grass are soldiers

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Qin King Fu Jian controlled Northern China. In 383 AD, Fu Jian led 900,000 infantry and cavalry to attack the Jin Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River. Jin generals Xie Shi and Xie Xuan led 80,000 troops to resist. Fu Jian learned that the Jin army was short of troops, so he wanted to defeat the smaller ones with more numbers, seize the opportunity, and attack quickly.

Unexpectedly, Fu Jian's vanguard force of 250,000 was unexpectedly defeated by the Jin army in the Shouchun area and suffered heavy losses. The generals were killed and more than 10,000 soldiers were killed or injured. The Qin army's morale was greatly weakened and their morale was shaken. The soldiers were terrified and fled one after another. At this time, Fu Jian saw the Jin army's orderly ranks and high morale on Shouchun City. Looking north at Bagong Mountain, he saw that every plant and tree on the mountain looked like Jin soldiers. Fu Jian turned around and said to his younger brother: "What a powerful enemy this is! How can you say that the Jin army is insufficient in strength?" He regretted that he had underestimated the enemy too much.

The unlucky start cast an ominous shadow on Fu Jian's mind. He ordered his troops to deploy on the north bank of the Fei River in an attempt to use their geographical advantages to reverse the situation. At this time, Xie Xuan, the general of the Jin army, made a request for the Qin army to retreat slightly and make room for the battle across the river. Fu Jian secretly laughed at the Jin army's generals who did not understand common sense in combat, and wanted to take advantage of the Jin army's busy crossing the river and difficulty in fighting to launch a surprise attack, so he readily accepted the Jin army's request.

Unexpectedly, after the military order to retreat, the Qin army collapsed like a tide, while the Jin army took advantage of the situation and crossed the river to pursue it, killing the Qin army until they abandoned their helmets and armor, leaving corpses scattered all over the ground. Fu Jian was hit by an arrow and fled.

At the end of the Three Kingdoms period, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, Sima Yan, destroyed the Shu Kingdom and seized the power of the Wei Kingdom. After that, he prepared to send troops to attack Soochow and realize his desire to unify the whole of China. He summoned the civil and military ministers to discuss the plan of destruction. Most people believe that Wu State still has certain strength, and it may not be easy to destroy it in one fell swoop. It is better to make sufficient preparations.

General Du Yu disagreed with most people's views and wrote a memorial to Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. Du Yu believed that it was necessary to destroy the Hao Kingdom while it was currently weak, otherwise it would be difficult to defeat it when it gained strength. Sima Yan read Du Yu's memorial and asked Zhang Hua, his most trusted minister, for advice. Zhang Hua agreed with Du Yu's analysis and advised Sima Yan to attack Wu quickly to avoid further trouble. So Sima Yan made up his mind and appointed Du Yu as the general to conquer the south. In 279 AD, Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, mobilized more than 200,000 troops and horses, divided into six groups to advance by land and water, and attacked the state of Wu. The war drums were beating all the way, the battle flags were flying, and the warriors were mighty and majestic. The next year, Jiangling was captured, a general of Wu State was killed, and he led the army to pursue the victory. The Wu troops south of the Yuanjiang and Xiangjiang rivers were frightened when they heard the news, and they opened their city gates and surrendered one after another. Sima Yan ordered Du Yu to march towards Jianye, the capital of Wu State, from a small road. At this time, some people were worried that the water in the Yangtze River would surge, so it would be more advantageous to temporarily withdraw troops and wait until winter to attack. Du Yu firmly opposed retreating. He said: "Now, while the morale is high and the fighting spirit is strong, we will win one victory after another and be as powerful as breaking a bamboo (just like splitting a bamboo with a sharp knife, the bamboo will break after a few sections), and attack Wu in one fell swoop." It won’t take much effort!” Under the leadership of Du Yu, the Jin army rushed straight to Jianye, the capital of Wu, and soon captured Jianye and destroyed the state of Wu. Emperor Wu of Jin unified the country.

In full swing

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, King Fucha of the Wu Kingdom successively conquered Yue, Lu and Qi. He was ambitious and continued to march northwest, intending to conquer Jin in one go.

But at this time, King Goujian of Yue took the King of Wu's retreat. He led the army to fight as far as Gusu (Suzhou), the capital of Wu State, and sent troops to occupy the Huaihe River, cutting off King Wu's retreat.

This news poured cold water on King Wu Fucha. He was very shocked and immediately summoned civil servants and generals to discuss countermeasures. Everyone said that if we go back now, we will lose the battle at both ends, and we will be beaten on both sides. If we can defeat Jin, we will become the overlord among the vassal states, and it will not be too late to go back and deal with King Gou Jian of Yue.

The big idea has been made, and the top priority is to conquer Jin as soon as possible. After careful consideration, he decided to win by surprise.

One evening, King Wu issued an order. All the soldiers in the army were well fed, and the horses had enough fodder. Thirty thousand elite soldiers and generals were selected from the entire army. Every ten thousand people are arranged into a square formation, and the *** is arranged into three square formations. Each square array contains a hundred people horizontally and vertically. At the head of each row is a military officer. Every ten rows, that is, one thousand people, is in charge of one doctor. Each phalanx is led by a general. The square formation in the middle has white helmets and armor, white clothes, white flags, and white bows and arrows, controlled by the King of Wu himself, and is called the Central Army; the square formation on the left has red helmets, red armor, red clothes, and red that is simply unfathomable; The square array on the right is all black. Set out in the middle of the night and arrived at a place only one mile away from the Jin army at dawn. The sky was just beginning to show its light, Wu Jun's drums were beating loudly, and the cheers shook the construction site.

The Jin army woke up from their dreams and were shocked when they saw the three phalanxes and the majesty of the Wu army: the white phalanxes were "looking at them like full bloom" - like white flowers blooming The thatch grass; the red square array, "looks like fire" - like a blazing flame; and the black square array, is simply like an unfathomable sea.

In the Spring and Autumn Period of Sanshe, Duke Xian of Jin believed the slander and killed the prince Shen Sheng, and sent people to capture Shen Sheng's younger brother Chong'er. After hearing the news, Chong'er escaped from Jin and lived in exile for more than ten years.

After many hardships, Chong'er came to Chu State. King Cheng of Chu thought that Chong'er would do great things in the future, so he welcomed him with the courtesy of a country and treated him like a distinguished guest.

One day, the King of Chu hosted a banquet in honor of Chong'er. The two drank and talked, and the atmosphere was very harmonious. Suddenly the King of Chu asked Chong'er: "If you return to Jin one day and become the king, how will you repay me?" Chong'er thought for a while and said: "You have beautiful women, precious silks, precious bird feathers, ivory and animal skins, etc. The land of Chu is rich in products. How can the Jin Kingdom offer any rare items to the king? "The king of Chu said: "Young Master is too modest.

Even though you say that, you should still express something to me, right? Chong'er smiled and replied: "It's thanks to you." If I can really return to my country and take charge, I would like to be friendly with your country. If one day a war breaks out between Jin and Chu, I will definitely order the army to retreat for three hectares (one hara is equal to thirty miles). If I still cannot get your forgiveness, I will fight you again. "

Four years later, Chong'er really returned to Jin and became the king. He was the famous Duke Wen of Jin in history. Jin became increasingly powerful under his governance.

BC In 633, the armies of Chu and Jin met during a battle. In order to fulfill his promise, Duke Wen of Jin ordered the army to retreat ninety miles and stationed in Chengpu. When the Chu army saw the Jin army retreating, they thought the other side was afraid and immediately moved. Pursuit. The Jin army took advantage of the Chu army's weakness of being proud and underestimating the enemy, concentrated its forces, and defeated the Chu army.

The story of one man at the gate: "Historical Records" records: Liu Bang in 207 BC. Entering Xianyang, "Guard Hangu Pass until Xiang Yu arrives and cannot enter." This can be seen from the situation of "One man is in charge of the pass, and ten thousand men are not allowed to open it". In ancient times, there were several idiom stories related to Hangu Pass.

In 353 BC, when Wei was besieged and Zhao was rescued, The state of Wei besieged the state of Zhao, and the state of Qi sent Tian Ji to lead his army to rescue Zhao. Tian Ji took advantage of the emptiness of the state of Wei and led his troops to attack Wei. The army of Wei returned to rescue the state, but the army of Qi took advantage of its exhaustion and defeated the army of Wei.

Victory by surprise During the Warring States Period, General Tian Dan of Qi used the Fire Ox Formation to attack the Yan Army, causing the Yan Army to be defeated. This is what Sun Tzu said in the Art of War: "Every warrior wins by surprise." ”

Besieged on all sides

Xiang Yu and Liu Bang originally agreed to use the east and west sides of the divide (in the Jialu River in today’s Rong County, Henan Province) as the boundary to avoid infringement. Later, Liu Bang followed the advice of Zhang Liang and Chen Ping, Thinking that Xiang Yu should be eliminated while he was weak, he joined forces with Han Xin, Peng Yue, and Liu Jia to pursue Xiang Yu's troops heading east to Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu), and finally deployed several layers of troops to tightly surround Xiang Yu. Gaixia (in the southeast of today's Lingbi County, Anhui Province). At this time, Xiang Yu had very few soldiers and no food. At night, he heard the troops surrounding him singing folk songs of Chu, and he couldn't help but be very surprised and said: " Has Liu Bang already obtained Chu Di? Why are there so many Chu people in his army? "As he said that, he had lost his fighting spirit, so he got up from the bed, drank wine in the tent, and sang with his favorite concubine Yu Ji. After singing, he burst into tears. The people around him were also very sad and felt that He couldn't raise his head. After a while, Xiang Yu mounted his horse and took the remaining 800 cavalry, and escaped from the south. He fled and killed himself by the Wujiang River.

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In the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Xian of Jin believed the slander and killed the prince Shen Sheng. He also sent people to capture Shen Sheng's younger brother Chong'er. After hearing the news, Chong'er fled the state of Jin and lived in exile for more than ten years. King Chu Cheng thought that Chong'er would do great things in the future, so he welcomed him with the courtesy of a royal family and treated him like a distinguished guest. One day, the King of Chu hosted a banquet for Chong'er, and the two of them drank and talked in a very harmonious atmosphere. "If you return to Jin one day and become the king, how will you repay me? Chong'er thought for a moment and said, "Your Majesty, you have plenty of beauties, precious silks, rare bird feathers, ivory and animal skins, which are abundant in the Chu region. How can Jin have any rare items to offer to your Majesty?" The King of Chu said, "Young Master is too modest." Even though you say that, you should still express something to me, right? Chong'er smiled and replied: "It's thanks to you." If I can really return to my country and take charge, I would like to be friendly with your country. If one day a war breaks out between Jin and Chu, I will definitely order the army to retreat for three hectares (one hara is equal to thirty miles). If I still cannot get your forgiveness, I will fight you again. "

Four years later, Chong'er really returned to Jin and became the king. He was the famous Duke Wen of Jin in history. Jin became increasingly powerful under his governance. In 633 BC, Chu and Jin In order to fulfill his promise, Duke Wen of Jin ordered his troops to retreat ninety miles and stationed themselves in Chengpu. When the Chu army saw the Jin army retreating, they thought the enemy was afraid and immediately pursued the Chu army. He was arrogant and underestimated the enemy's weakness, concentrated his troops, defeated the Chu army, and won the battle of Chengpu.

horse leather shrouds

The Eastern Han Dynasty returned to the army from the south, and many old friends came to welcome him. Meng Ji, who was known to have a plan, also congratulated him. Ma Yuan said, "Why are you like other people?" If the Xiongnu and Wuhuan are still harassing the north, I want to invite them to attack. The man should die in the wilderness, and his ears should be buried with his body wrapped in horse leather. How can he die in bed among his children, women and maidservants? "See "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Ma Yuan".

Later, he died fighting for his country with "horse-leather shroud" and other references. "Xihu Mengxun·Yuewang Tomb" written by Zhang Zhang of the Qing Dynasty: "However, if you hate peace, the country will be weakened day by day. It is a shame that a man cannot repay his father by wrapping his body in horse leather!"

Invincible in battle: attack There is no battle that cannot be won. Described as extremely powerful and capable of defeating everything.

Source: Qing Dynasty Zhaozhen's "Xiaoting Xulu·Zhuan'an Monk": "The king of Wu has also arrived for the general's affairs. He has opened up territory for him and attacked the city. He has been invincible in the battle. He has been summoned in a few months. Count the Counties."

Victory in every battle: Victory in every battle. Describe being invincible.

Source: "Sun Tzu: Attacking": "A person who can win a hundred battles is not a good person."

Be in danger of a hundred battles: After many battles, there is no danger. Describes being good at using troops.

Source: "Sun Tzu: Planning for Attack": "He who knows his enemy and himself can fight a hundred battles without danger."

Victory in consecutive battles: ①Winning battles one after another. ②Today it mostly refers to continuous good results in sports competitions or exams.

Repeated battles and defeats: repeated: many times. Fought many battles and failed many times.

Source: "Book of Jin Huan Wen's Biography": "Yin Hao went to Luoyang to repair the tomb. After several years of work, he suffered repeated defeats and exhausted all his equipment."

Quick victory and quick decision : End the battle with quick tactics. It also means completing a task quickly.

Source: Lao She's "Four Generations Under One Roof" May Day: "The war has been dragging on for more than a year, and there is no hope of a quick victory."

The bloody battle to the end: Bloody battle: a very fierce and desperate fight. Refers to a fierce battle to the last moment.

Source: Tang Dynasty Du Fu's poem "Send Off to Judge Li of Lingzhou": "The world is red in bloody battles, and the sun and moon are yellow in the atmosphere."

Use war to fight: Use war to eliminate war.

Source: "Book of Shang Jun·Hua Ce": "Therefore, it is necessary to fight with war, even if it is possible to fight."

Fight from the back of the city: Back: facing away. Fight to the death with the enemy under your own city. The final battle that determines life and death.

Source: "Zuo Zhuan: The Second Year of Chenggong": "Please collect the embers and borrow one from the city."

A battle against the water: Back to the water: With your back to the water, it means there is no way out. It is a metaphor for fighting to the death with the enemy.

Source: "Historical Records·Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin": "The letter sent ten thousand people to go ahead and go out with the water at their backs. The Zhao army laughed when they saw it."

Short-range combat: Short-range combat : Swords and other short weapons; followed by: fighting. Refers to close combat. A metaphor for a fierce fight face to face.

Source: "Three Kingdoms·Wei Zhi·Dian Wei Biography": "Wei was wounded by dozens of people, and the soldiers fought hand-to-hand, and the thieves attacked him."

Each one fights: each one Fight as independent units.

Source: "Historical Records of Xiang Yu": "If the king can fight with Han Xin from Fu Hai to the east of Chen; and to fight with Peng Yue from the north of Suiyang to Gucheng, if each of them fights, Chu will be easily defeated. . ”

Fight alone: ??Fight hard: fight with all your strength. The isolated and helpless army fought against the enemy alone. It also refers to a person or a group working hard to engage in a certain struggle without support or help.

Source: "Book of Wei·Biography of Zhao Xia": "Sizu led Peng Pei's people to retreat in front of the formation, but Xia fought hard alone and broke the immortal pot alone." "Book of Sui·Biography of Yu Qingze": "From this Changru fought alone, and the number of dead was eighteen or ninety."

Fight to the death: Jue: to decide; die: to fight to the death. Fight to the death against the enemy.

Source: Chapter 33 of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" by Luo Guanzhong of the Ming Dynasty: "In the coming days, drive the common people to take the lead, followed by the army, and fight to the death with Cao Cao."

Ming Shame Teach war: Teach soldiers to fight so that they know that retreat is a shame, so that they can move forward bravely and kill the enemy to win.

Source: "Zuo Zhuan·The 22nd Year of Duke Xi": "It is shameful to teach war and seek to kill the enemy."

War in the South and North: Describes the experience of fighting in the North and South fought many battles.

Source: "On Feudalism" by Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty: "After King Xuan, with the virtue of Zhongxing and restoration, and the power of the Southern Expedition and the Northern Expedition, the death cannot determine the heir of the Marquis of Lu."

Able to fight: Describes rich combat experience and good at fighting.

Source: Chapter 43 of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" by Luo Guanzhong of the Ming Dynasty: "A resourceful and resourceful man can conquer more than one or two thousand generals."

Cease the troops. Strike: rest, strike: stop. Stop or end war.

Source: Yuan Dynasty Kong Wenqing's "Dong Chuang Incident" wedge: "It's just a truce to stop fighting and return to the court. This is what I secretly thought to myself.

"

Fighting with blood: Describing tenacious fighting to the death.

Source: Chapter 6 of Du Pengcheng's "Defending Yan'an": "The soldiers did not fight with blood during these fifteen days and fifteen nights. It's a quick march and transfer. "

There were no just wars in the Spring and Autumn Period: There were no just wars in the Spring and Autumn Period. It also generally refers to unjust wars.

Source: "Mencius · Whole Heart": "Mencius said: 'There are no just wars in the Spring and Autumn Period. A righteous war. '"

Be brave and good at fighting: Brave and good at fighting.

Source: "Book of Southern Qi·Dai Sengjing Biography": "The general of his party and the auxiliary country, Sun Tanguan, was brave and good at fighting. Every time he swayed, he , often killing and injuring hundreds of officers and soldiers. ”