The current status and main problems of geological disaster prevention and control work?

1. This year’s disaster situation and the prevention work of our ministry

This year, our country’s climate is extremely abnormal, with drought followed by rain in some areas, instant heavy rain, and continuous heavy rainfall, resulting in collapses, landslides, Geological disasters such as mudslides occur frequently. From January to June, 19,522 cases occurred across the country, resulting in 464 deaths and missing persons, and direct economic losses of 1.861 billion yuan, an increase of 932.3, 177.8 and 190 yuan respectively over the same period last year.

The leaders of the State Council attach great importance to geological disaster prevention and issued more than 60 important instructions in the first half of this year, pointing out the direction for our work. Our Ministry resolutely implements the spirit of the State Council’s leadership instructions. We started early research and judgment, early deployment, early inspection, and early implementation at the beginning of the year, and adopted a variety of means to strictly prevent and control. First, careful deployment, convening 8 flood season prevention work conferences nationwide and in important regions, issuing multiple documents and cooperating with relevant departments to carry out remobilization, redeployment, and implementation. The second is inspection and supervision. Working groups led by department leaders, department and bureau leaders, and attended by relevant departments have been dispatched nearly a hundred times to inspect and provide guidance. The third is to strengthen emergency response, and dispatch 88 experts to be stationed in 18 key provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) for a long time to provide guidance on investigation, monitoring and early warning, and mass detection and prevention. Emergency responses have been launched many times. After the Yushu earthquake and Guanling landslide, we immediately organized and carried out hidden danger investigations to assist and guide the prevention of secondary disasters. The fourth is to focus on prevention. The earthquake-stricken areas and the Three Gorges Reservoir area are given top priority. 150 experts are dispatched to assist the four provinces (cities) of Sichuan, Qinghai, Chongqing, and Hubei in carrying out investigation and inspections, and are deployed nationwide to carry out inspections in densely populated areas. , traffic arteries and disaster spots around important projects will be re-investigated. The fifth is joint control and prevention, strengthening cooperation with meteorological, water conservancy, railway, transportation, education and other departments, giving full play to departmental advantages, implementing disaster prevention responsibilities, and improving prevention and control capabilities.

Through the above work, remarkable results have been achieved in geological disaster prevention in the first half of this year. More than 200,000 threatened people were relocated, 477 incidents were successfully avoided, and 14,839 casualties were avoided. In June alone, 320 earthquakes were successfully forecast nationwide, averting 11,014 casualties and 138 million yuan in direct economic losses, the most in a single month in history. Compared with January to June 2009, the number of geological disasters during the same period this year increased nearly 10 times, while the number of deaths and missing persons caused by geological disasters decreased significantly year-on-year.

Prevention work in key areas has achieved great results, and many major geological disasters have been successfully predicted and avoided. There have been no casualties due to geological disasters in the Three Gorges Reservoir area for seven consecutive years. Over the past two years in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, although geological disasters have occurred frequently, no casualties have been caused by geological disasters in the resettlement sites of the victims, achieving the goal of no major deaths or injuries due to geological disasters in the main flood season. The investigation of hidden dangers in the Yushu earthquake-stricken area was completed quickly, and all important hidden dangers were closely monitored or eliminated immediately.

2. Main achievements and existing problems of previous geological disaster prevention and control work

In 1998, the government organizational reform made the geological environment team (engineering geology team, hydrogeology team) a component of the geological exploration team. Part of it will be transferred to local governments together with geological survey fees. As a part of geological environment work, geological disasters have gradually become an important function in the past 10 years after the institutional reform, and have received more and more attention. The three stipulations are that the functions of our department are organization, coordination, guidance, and supervision. In recent years, geological disaster prevention and control work has gone through a process of investigation, census, and engineering management from scratch. It has initially formed a system based on geological disaster investigation, focusing on the Three Gorges Reservoir area and earthquake-stricken areas, and implementing professional team monitoring of a few hidden danger points. , the vast majority adopt group testing and group prevention monitoring, and gradually begin a pattern of engineering management of major hidden danger points.

1. A mass detection and mass prevention system was formed based on the geological disaster survey in mountainous counties

From 2003 to 2008, 1,640 counties were deployed in geological disaster-prone areas Based on the geological disaster investigation and zoning work, a geological disaster monitoring network system focusing on group monitoring and group prevention has been initially established. At present, 240,000 hidden danger points across the country have been included in the mass testing and mass prevention system, with 100,000 mass testing and mass defense personnel.

Practice has proved that group monitoring and group prevention is a major innovation in the prevention and control of geological disasters in my country. It is the most effective monitoring system under current conditions. It has created countless miracles, saved a large number of lives, and achieved great success.

The level of investigation and evaluation in 1,640 counties is very low. Each county only allocated 200,000 yuan in funding, and could only do some visual observation of the ground surface, and basically found out the small cracks and cracks in front of and behind the house. , but the hidden dangers of remote, hidden, and complex geological disasters have not yet been clearly identified. The group testing and group defense system is not sound and mainly relies on part-time jobs, lacking necessary economic benefits and facilities. The reason is that most geological disasters are located in mountainous areas, and most of them are poor counties. County and township governments are financially difficult.

2. Established ministerial-level, provincial-level and geological disaster monitoring institutions in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

At present, the country has formed a national-level geological environment monitoring institute and 32 provincial-level geological disaster monitoring institutes. The national geological environment monitoring system consists of the main monitoring station, 233 municipal monitoring sub-stations and 166 county-level monitoring stations. A professional monitoring network for landslide collapse in the Three Gorges Reservoir area has been initially established. Professional monitoring and demonstration work for sudden geological disasters has been carried out in typical areas.

The problem is that there are too few administrative management personnel for geological disasters across the country, and the number gets even smaller at the grassroots level. Most counties do not have a single full-time person. The Geotechnical Engineering Office of the Civil Engineering and Development Department in Hong Kong has more than 700 people engaged in geological disaster management. Even in our country, including full-time management personnel, there are less than half of them. The establishment of geological environment (geological hazards) monitoring agencies at the city and county levels is not common. Most cities and counties do not have geological hazard monitoring agencies. The existing agencies still have the problem of few personnel and fewer technical personnel. Funding is generally not guaranteed. The funds of a few institutions are included in the fiscal budget, and most of them are self-financed, which is very inappropriate for their nature as public welfare service institutions.

3. Laws and regulations are gradually improved, and management work is gradually strengthened

The State Council promulgated the "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters" in 2003. 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country have promulgated relevant local laws and regulations. The State Council has successively issued the "National Emergency Plan for Geological Disasters" and the "National Geological Disaster Prevention and Control "Eleventh Five-Year Plan". All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and most cities and counties in geological disaster-prone areas have issued and implemented emergency plans for sudden geological disasters and geological disaster prevention and control plans. In 2009, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued the "Emergency Response Work Plan for Geological Disasters of the Ministry of Land and Resources" and established a relatively complete emergency response mechanism for geological disasters. A team of emergency experts at the ministry and provincial levels has been established. In 2009, the "Ten Counties" mass detection and prevention campaign targeting counties (districts and cities) was launched across the country (organized, planned, funded, prepared, systems, publicized, forecasted, monitored, With means and warnings) construction, 321 have been built. Promote the construction of "five lines" of administrative management, business support, emergency response, expert consultation, and intermediary services for geological disaster prevention and control throughout the country, and strive to improve the ability and level of geological disaster prevention and control. Since 2007, the "Rural Geological Disaster Prevention and Control Knowledge Ten Thousand Villages Training Action" and the "County, Township, and Village Cadres Land and Resources Legal Knowledge Publicity and Education Training" have been carried out across the country, training more than 3 million grassroots cadres, monitoring personnel, the masses, and students . In 2010, the “five-in-place” publicity and training activities for geological disaster prevention and control assessment, inspections, publicity, plans and personnel for grassroots land and resources institutes and group survey and prevention personnel are being carried out across the country, with 100,000 people trained.

4. Cooperation among relevant departments has been gradually strengthened

Since 2003, our Ministry has cooperated with the Meteorological Bureau to carry out geological disaster meteorological early warning and forecasting. As of 2009, the country and 30 Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), 223 cities, and 1,035 counties have carried out this work. This year, our Ministry and the Meteorological Bureau jointly studied to further improve the accuracy of early warning forecasts, and jointly issued a document requiring all cities and counties to carry out this work. Our Ministry has joint control and prevention with the construction, transportation, railway and other departments. Relevant departments have gradually strengthened the prevention and control of geological disasters in construction project areas, traffic trunk roads, etc. This year, our Ministry, the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Railways jointly issued a document to jointly deploy the prevention and control of geological disasters during the flood season. We invited more than 10 ministries and commissions twice to jointly hold video conferences and jointly carried out flood season inspections, achieving good results.

3. The work that needs to be strengthened and the problems that need to be solved in the future prevention and control of geological disasters

The prevention and control of geological disasters has been highly valued by the central leadership, widely concerned by all sectors of society, and full of expectations by the people. big event. On the one hand, we resolutely implement the spirit of the State Council’s leadership instructions and strengthen emergency response and emergency handling. On the one hand, we actively explore and deepen reforms to improve the geological disaster prevention and reduction system.

1. Further carry out basic work such as geological disaster surveys, censuses, and troubleshootings

In order to establish a complete geological disaster prevention and reduction system, basic work must be intensified. A comprehensive geological disaster survey should be carried out across the country, and detailed surveys in key areas (3 million square kilometers) should be accelerated. General surveys should be carried out in earthquake-stricken areas, the Three Gorges Reservoir area, etc. The investigation work should be included in the basic work and be undertaken by professional teams, and every other An inspection is conducted once a year. The work level within 2,000 meters near the personnel concentration area must be improved and a number of necessary engineering surveys must be deployed.

2. Establishing municipal and county geological hazards (geological environment) monitoring agencies

It is necessary to establish municipal and county geological hazards (geological environment) monitoring agencies. Groundwater, land subsidence, surface Subsidence, mine geological environment, geological disasters, etc. all need to be monitored. Monitoring agencies in various regions can focus on different areas according to their characteristics. The monitoring agency undertakes basic work results such as geological disaster surveys, censuses, and troubleshooting. Based on the results and the distribution of group survey and prevention personnel, the monitoring agency can delineate the monitoring area, monitoring hidden danger points, inspection routes, etc. Make the results work.

3. Strengthen the team of mass testing and prevention personnel with the village branch secretary, village chief, and village group leader as the main players

Practice has proved that the village branch secretary, village chief, and village group leader are responsible for the group The survey group defense officers are the most suitable candidates. They understand the local conditions, are familiar with the villagers, and are responsible. When they act as group survey and prevention personnel, they are most convenient to report to the township government when there is a disaster or danger, so that the grassroots government can immediately organize emergency rescue and disaster relief. This team of mass testing and defense personnel should be given unified economic treatment, and their subsidy funds should be borne by the central government. This can raise the level of mass testing and mass defense to the highest level at this stage.

4. The construction of command and coordination capabilities for disaster prevention and control at the national level and at the city and county levels are two important links that should be strengthened at present

Geological disasters have now become a very important natural disaster. This year's heavy rains caused 90 casualties and were classified as geological disasters. It is recommended to establish a national geological disaster prevention and control headquarters at the national level, with our ministry as an office unit to establish a geological disaster prevention and control emergency center.

The key to geological disaster prevention and control lies at the grassroots level, and our grassroots level is the weakest. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of municipal and county disaster prevention and reduction systems, and form a centrally funded geological hazard survey conducted by professional geological survey units, with the results carried out by geological hazard (geological environment) monitoring agencies at the municipal and county levels, and used by group survey and prevention personnel to find out Disaster and danger reports are provided to the disaster prevention system for emergency response of city, county, and township governments.

5. Further increase investment in the management of major geological disasters

The "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters" stipulates that the central and provincial governments are responsible for the management of extremely large and major geological disasters. The central government's annual investment in management funds is only 900 million yuan, which is a drop in the bucket compared to the needs of various places. If it can be increased to 4 billion per year, the progress of governance will be greatly accelerated. The reason why the Three Gorges Reservoir area and earthquake-stricken areas have done well in disaster prevention is directly related to the country's heavy investment. Now some provincial governments also provide some funds, but it is not widespread and no system has been formed. Each province should have a special item included in the fiscal budget every year. The working expenses of geological disaster (geological environment) monitoring agencies at the city and county levels should also be included in the local fiscal budget.