The first national cultural heritage day

Since 2006, the second Saturday of June has been the "Cultural Heritage Day" in China.

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The State Council sets chinese heritage Day.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 8th, the State Council recently issued the Notice on Strengthening the Protection of Cultural Heritage (hereinafter referred to as the Notice), calling for further strengthening the protection of cultural heritage, and decided to designate the second Saturday of June every year as "Cultural Heritage Day" in China from 2006.

The notice said that cultural heritage includes material cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage. Material and cultural heritage is a cultural relic with historical, artistic and scientific value, including immovable cultural relics such as ancient sites, ancient tombs, ancient buildings, cave temples, stone carvings, murals, important historical sites and representative buildings in modern times, and movable cultural relics such as important objects, artworks, documents, manuscripts, books and materials. And famous historical and cultural cities (blocks, villages and towns) with outstanding universal value in architectural style, uniform distribution or combination with environmental scenery. Intangible cultural heritage refers to all kinds of traditional cultural expressions closely related to people's lives and passed down from generation to generation, including oral traditions, traditional performing arts, folk activities, rituals and festivals, folk traditional knowledge and practice about nature and the universe, traditional handicraft skills, and cultural spaces related to the above traditional cultural expressions.

The circular pointed out that it is necessary to fully understand the importance and urgency of protecting cultural heritage. China's cultural heritage contains the unique spiritual value, mode of thinking and imagination of the Chinese nation, embodies the vitality and creativity of the Chinese nation, is the crystallization of the wisdom of all ethnic groups, and is also the treasure of all human civilizations. Protecting cultural heritage and maintaining national cultural inheritance are important cultural foundations for connecting national emotional ties, enhancing national unity, maintaining national unity and social stability, and are also prerequisites for maintaining world cultural diversity and creativity and promoting common development of mankind. Cultural heritage is a precious and non-renewable resource. With the trend of economic globalization and the acceleration of modernization, the cultural ecology of China is undergoing tremendous changes, and the cultural heritage and its living environment are seriously threatened. Many historical and cultural cities (blocks, villages and towns), ancient buildings, ancient sites and scenic spots have been destroyed. Illegal trade in cultural relics, illegal excavation of ancient sites and tombs, and smuggling of cultural relics have not been effectively curbed in some areas, and a large number of precious cultural relics have been lost abroad. Due to over-exploitation and unreasonable utilization, many important cultural heritages have died out or been lost. In areas where ethnic minorities live in compact communities and cultural relics are relatively abundant, the disappearance of ethnic or regional cultural characteristics has accelerated due to changes in people's living environment and conditions. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the protection of cultural heritage. Local people's governments at all levels and relevant departments should fully understand the importance of protecting cultural heritage from the perspective of being responsible for the country and history and safeguarding national cultural security, further enhance their sense of responsibility and urgency, and earnestly do a good job in protecting cultural heritage.

The circular puts forward the guiding ideology, basic policies and overall objectives for strengthening the protection of cultural heritage. The guiding ideology is: adhere to the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, comprehensively implement Scientific Outlook on Development, strengthen the protection of cultural heritage, build a scientific and effective cultural heritage protection system, raise the awareness of cultural heritage protection in the whole society, and give full play to the important role of cultural heritage in inheriting Chinese culture, improving people's ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality, enhancing national cohesion, promoting the construction of advanced socialist culture and building a harmonious socialist society. The basic principles are: the protection of material and cultural heritage should implement the policy of "protection first, rescue first, rational utilization and strengthening management"; The protection of intangible cultural heritage should implement the policy of "protection first, rescue first, rational utilization, inheritance and development". Adhere to the protection of the authenticity and integrity of cultural heritage, adhere to scientific protection according to law, correctly handle the relationship between economic and social development and cultural heritage protection, and make overall planning, classified guidance, highlight key points and implement them step by step. The overall goal is: by 20 10, a relatively complete cultural heritage protection system will be initially established, and the cultural heritage protection situation will be significantly improved. By 20 15, a relatively complete cultural heritage protection system will be basically formed, and cultural heritage with historical, cultural and scientific values will be fully and effectively protected; Protecting cultural heritage is deeply rooted in people's hearts and has become the conscious action of the whole society.

The notice requires that efforts should be made to solve the outstanding problems faced by the protection of material and cultural heritage. First, we must earnestly do a good job in the investigation and study of cultural relics and the formulation and implementation of the protection plan for immovable cultural relics. Strengthen the investigation and study of cultural relics resources and register and file according to law. On the basis of finding out the base number carefully, the cultural relics protection plan shall be formulated by classification, and the implementation shall be carefully organized. The administrative department of cultural relics in the State Council shall make overall arrangements for the preparation of the protection plan of the world cultural heritage and the national key cultural relics protection units, which shall be organized by the provincial people's government and submitted to the administrative department of cultural relics in the State Council for examination and approval before promulgation and implementation. The administrative department of cultural relics in the State Council shall track and monitor the implementation of the plan and inspect the implementation. It is necessary to delimit the protection scope and construction control zone of cultural relics protection units in a timely manner according to law, set up necessary protection management institutions, clarify the subject of protection responsibility, and establish and improve the protection management system. Other immovable cultural relics shall also formulate protection plans and implement protection measures in accordance with the provisions of the Cultural Relics Protection Law. Resolutely avoid and correct the excessive exploitation and utilization of cultural heritage, especially the illegal acts of operating cultural relics as or disguised as enterprise assets. Second, improve and perfect the protection of cultural relics in major construction projects. Strictly implement the system of examination and approval, approval and filing of major construction projects. All capital construction projects involving the protection of cultural relics must seek the opinions of the administrative departments of cultural relics before they are approved according to law, and can only be implemented after necessary archaeological exploration, excavation and implementation of cultural relics protection measures. Archaeological excavation of capital construction projects should fully consider the actual needs of cultural relics protection, strengthen unified management, and implement the responsibilities of examination and approval and supervision. Third, we must earnestly do a good job in the maintenance of key cultural relics. Overall planning, centralized funds, the implementation of a number of key cultural relics protection projects, eliminate major cultural relics danger, strengthen the protection of important endangered cultural relics. The implementation of the protection project must ensure the authenticity of cultural relics, and it is resolutely forbidden to counterfeit antiques in the name of protecting cultural relics. It is necessary to strictly limit the "reconstruction" of cultural relics and put limited manpower and material resources into the protection project of important cultural relics, especially major endangered cultural relics. Strict project management, the implementation of cultural relics protection engineering team qualification system, improve the management system of employees, establish and improve the technical specifications of cultural relics protection, and ensure the quality of the project. Fourth, we should strengthen the protection of historical and cultural cities (blocks, villages and towns). Further improve the declaration and evaluation of historical and cultural cities (blocks, villages and towns). Has been identified as a historical and cultural city (block, village), the local people's government should carefully formulate protection plans, and strictly implement them. In the process of urbanization, it is necessary to effectively protect the historical and cultural environment, take the protection of outstanding local buildings and other cultural heritage as an important part of the urbanization development strategy, and incorporate the protection planning of historical cities (blocks, villages and towns) into urban and rural planning. For major construction projects, a publicity system must be established to solicit opinions from all walks of life. Relevant departments of the State Council should track and monitor the protection status and planning implementation of historical and cultural cities (blocks, villages and towns) and solve relevant problems in a timely manner; If the layout, environment and historical features of historical and cultural cities (blocks, villages and towns) are seriously damaged, their titles shall be cancelled according to law, and the responsibilities of relevant personnel shall be investigated. Fifth, we should improve the level of protection and display of cultural relics in the collection. Attach great importance to the construction of museums, strengthen the registration, filing and safety management of collections, and implement the responsibility system for investigating the loss and damage of collections. Implement the informatization of cultural relics in the collection and the construction of standard preservation environment, and increase the scientific and technological protection of cultural relics in the collection. Improve the quality and level of exhibitions and give full play to the educational role of cultural relics in collections. Strengthen the training of museum professionals and improve the quality of museum team. Adhere to the exemption and free opening to special social groups such as minors, and constantly improve the quality and level of services. Sixth, we must clean up and rectify the cultural relics circulation market. Strengthen the standardization, supervision and management of cultural relics market, strictly grasp the access conditions of cultural relics circulation market according to law, standardize cultural relics management and folk cultural relics collection, and ensure the healthy development of cultural relics market. Strengthen the examination and filing of cultural relics sold by cultural relics shops and auctioned by cultural relics auction enterprises according to law. Resolutely ban the illegal cultural relics market and severely crack down on illegal and criminal activities such as theft, excavation, smuggling and reselling cultural relics. Strictly implement the supervision system of cultural relics entry-exit inspection, strengthen the construction of appraisal institutions, and prevent the loss of precious cultural relics. Strengthen international cooperation and resolutely pursue the illegal loss of cultural relics abroad according to law.

The notice requires that the protection of intangible cultural heritage be actively promoted. First, we must carry out a general survey of intangible cultural heritage. All regions should further do a good job in the survey, identification and registration of intangible cultural heritage, fully understand and master the types, quantity, distribution, living environment, protection status and existing problems of intangible cultural heritage resources, and announce the survey results to the society in a timely manner. The national census will be basically completed in three years. Second, we must formulate a protection plan for intangible cultural heritage. On the basis of scientific argumentation, we should pay close attention to formulating national and regional intangible cultural heritage protection plans, clarify the scope of protection, and put forward long-term goals and short-term tasks. Third, we should save precious intangible cultural heritage. Take effective measures to collect intangible cultural heritage objects and materials with historical, cultural and scientific values, and improve the collection and storage system. Where conditions permit, intangible cultural heritage databases, museums or exhibition centers can be established. Fourth, establish a list system of intangible cultural heritage. Further improve the evaluation criteria, strictly evaluate the work, and gradually establish a national and provincial, municipal and county intangible cultural heritage list system. For projects listed in the intangible cultural heritage list, it is necessary to formulate scientific protection plans, clarify the subject of protection responsibility, and carry out effective protection. For the representative inheritors listed in the intangible cultural heritage list, we should give financial support in a planned way, encourage and support them to carry out learning activities, and ensure the inheritance of outstanding intangible cultural heritage. Fifth, strengthen the protection of cultural heritage and cultural ecological zones of ethnic minorities. Focus on supporting the protection of intangible cultural heritage in ethnic minority areas. For areas with rich cultural heritage and relatively complete traditional cultural ecology, dynamic overall protection should be carried out in a planned way. As soon as possible, the endangered cultural heritage and cultural ecological areas of ethnic minorities will be included in the protection list, and protective measures will be implemented to rescue and protect them.

The "Notice" emphasizes that it is necessary to effectively strengthen leadership over the protection of cultural heritage. First, we must conscientiously implement leadership responsibilities. Local people's governments at all levels and relevant departments should put the protection of cultural heritage on the important agenda and incorporate it into economic and social development planning and urban and rural planning. It is necessary to establish and improve the responsibility system and accountability system for cultural heritage protection, establish a regular notification system, an expert consultation system and a public opinion supervision mechanism for cultural heritage protection, and promote the scientific and democratic protection of cultural heritage. Give full play to the role of relevant academic institutions, universities, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and other aspects to jointly do a good job in the protection of cultural heritage. The second is to speed up the legal construction of cultural heritage protection, strengthen law enforcement and promote the legalization, institutionalization and standardization of cultural heritage protection. We will promptly formulate and draft departmental rules and local regulations that are compatible with the Cultural Relics Protection Law. We will promptly study and formulate relevant provisions on the protection of intellectual property rights of cultural heritage. We must act in strict accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on the protection of cultural heritage, and no unit or individual may make a decision that conflicts with the laws and administrative regulations; Cultural relics administrative departments at all levels and other administrative law enforcement organs have the right to resist and stop decisions and acts that violate relevant laws and administrative regulations according to law. Severely crack down on all kinds of illegal and criminal acts that destroy cultural heritage, focusing on the legal responsibility of those responsible for the destruction, theft or loss of cultural heritage due to decision-making mistakes and dereliction of duty. If the cultural heritage is damaged due to poor law enforcement, the relevant law enforcement agencies and relevant responsible persons shall be held accountable. Third, we should arrange special funds to strengthen the construction of professional talents. People's governments at all levels shall incorporate the funds for the protection of cultural heritage into the fiscal budget at the corresponding level to ensure the investment of funds for key cultural heritage. We will promptly formulate and improve policies and measures for social donation and sponsorship, and mobilize the enthusiasm of social groups, enterprises and individuals to participate in the protection of cultural heritage. Strengthen the construction of cultural heritage protection and management institutions and professional teams, and vigorously cultivate all kinds of professionals needed for cultural heritage protection and management. Strengthen the research, application and popularization of cultural heritage protection technology, and strive to improve the level of cultural heritage protection. Fourth, increase publicity and create a good atmosphere for the protection of cultural heritage. Seriously hold a series of activities of "Cultural Heritage Day" to raise people's awareness of the importance of cultural heritage protection and enhance the awareness of cultural heritage protection in the whole society. Cultural heritage protection institutions at all levels should often hold exhibitions, forums, lectures and other activities to let the public know more about the rich connotation of cultural heritage. Education departments should incorporate excellent cultural heritage content and knowledge of cultural heritage protection into teaching plans, compile them into teaching materials, organize study tours, and stimulate young people's enthusiasm for loving the excellent traditional culture of the motherland. All kinds of news media should introduce cultural heritage and protection knowledge by setting up special topics and columns, vigorously publicize advanced models of cultural heritage protection, timely expose illegal acts and events that destroy cultural heritage, give play to the role of public opinion supervision, and form a good atmosphere for cultural heritage protection in the whole society.

The circular also requires the relevant departments of the State Council to seriously study and solve the problems existing in the protection of natural heritage and strengthen the protection of natural heritage.